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rugged, bufhy, and almoft impracticable ground. Nothing could be more advantageous than this difpofition of the army, by which the whole center and right wing were covered in front by a river, and the left fupported by rivers on both its flanks. In the left indeed, was the ftrength and flower of the army; the count of Lippe had placed alfo in this wing, the greateft part of the artillery, as he knew that it defended the most important fituation, was the most expofed in front, and confequently would be the object of the enemy's moft confiderable efforts.

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againft our left, which, as on the preceding day, was the principal object of the enemy. The prince de Soubife led their center and their left. The engagement began at three in the morning, and it was a fevere and continued fire for upwards of five hours, before the leaft effect could be perceived on either fide. The weight of the attack this day lay on Wutgeneau's corps, which fupported it with a degree of bravery, that rivalled the ftand which had been lately made by the British forces. But about.nine, the prince difcovered that the enemy were preparing to erect batteries on He was not mistaken in his con- an eminence, in the front of the jecture. On the 15th of July in marquis of Granby's camp, which the evening, a very furious attack he had not been able to enclofe was made on lord Granby's pofts, within his lines. Senfible of the which was fuftained for a long time preffing neceffity there was of prewith all the intrepidity and firm- venting the enemy from feizing on nefs which British troops always an eminence, from whence they exert, and which that gallant officer might cruelly gall his army, he knows fo well how to infpire. The called in a referve, which had been difpofition we have juft mentioned, placed at the other fide of the Lippe was not then compleated; fo that under general Sporken. Strengththey had the whole torrent of that ened by this fupply, and encouraged impetuofity, which diftinguithes the by the irrefolution which now beFrench in their firft attacks, to re-gan to appear in the motions of the fift for fome hours, until Wutgeneau enemy, he commanded the troops according to the plan originally which were nearest at hand to adprojected, arrived to their affiftance, vance upon them. and then with efforts united and redoubled in a long and obftinate combat, which continued until it was quite dark, they repulfed the French, and drove them into the woods. July 16th,

By the next morning, the difpofition of the allies was perfected; and it was evident that the French, far from being difmayed by their misfortune, were prepared for a more general and better fuftained attack than the former. M. Broglio commanded

This movement was decifive, the enemy gave way, fell into diforder, and retired with precipitation. Their center and left, which had not been able to pafs the Saltzbach, after a long and ineffectual cannonade, retired with the reft, and covered their retreat; fo that favoured by this circumftanee, and the clofenefs of the country, which was full of hedges, they marched off in tolerable order, and were. purfued but a little way. However, their lofs was confiderable a

the

the regiment of Rouge, confifting of four battalions, with its cannon and colours, was entirely taken by the fingle battalion of Maxwell. Their whole lofs in killed, wounded, and prisoners, has been eftimated at five thousand. The allies had about three hundred killed, a thousand wounded, and about two hundred prifoners. This action was the climax of the campaign of 1761, in Weftphalia; it did the greatest honour to the wisdom of the accomplished commander in the difpofition, and to the bravery of the troops in the combat; but it was far from decifive. Notwithftanding the lofs the French fuffered, they were ftill much faperior in their numbers. On this mif fortune the old ill understanding between Soubife and Broglio broke out with fresh animofity. Narratives, memorials, and replies, conceived with great bitterness, were mutually remitted from both marfhals to their court. Marthal Broglio alledged, that his misfortune was owing to the prince de Soubife's delay, who did not begin the attack till it was too late for him to continue it; the prince de Soubife, on the other hand, fuggested, that Broglio began his attack earlier than the time that had been fixed, in hopes of forcing the allies without Soubife's affiftance; and when he found that point loft, obliged Soubife to retreat, that he might not have the honour of recovering it. The allies after this battle kept their ground for fome time, whilft the French retreated. It is impoffible regularly to account for all the unexpected turns which have happened, perhaps, more in this campaign, than in any of the former. It is enongh to know that

the original fuperiority of the French, together with their oppor tunity of continual reinforcement, may very tolerably explain the reafon of the advantages which they fo often obtained after very confiderable defeats. This is a point which it is neceffary the reader fhould continually keep in his mind during the whole narration of this ftrange war. After their late lofs

and retreat, the French foon advanced again. The party under the prince de Soubife paffed the Lippe, and made difpofitions for the fiege of Munster, whilst marshal Broglio's army turned off on the other fide, croffed the Wefer, and threatned to fall in upon Hanover.

This divifion of the enemy compelled prince Ferdinand, though little in a condition for it, to divide his army also. The hereditary prince pofted himself to cover Munfter; whilft prince Ferdinand continued in the conntry towards the Wefer, to obferve the motions of marshal Broglio.

Whilft thefe various pofitions were mutually taken, as the armies were continually moving near each other, a number of very fharp fkirmifhes enfued. Marthal Broglio cautiously avoided a battle whenever he faw that the duke of Brunfwick, by calling together his troops, had prepared for, and was defirous of it; fo that there was no way left, but, if poffible, to check his motions, and wear down his force by reiterated leffer actions. Thefe actions were almost always to the advantage of our troops. In one of them however, the young prince Henry of Brunswick was mortally wounded; and the whole army faw with July 20th. regret, the difappointment of such

great

great hopes as were formed from the rifing gallantry of a prince, who fo nobly fupported the martial fpirit of his family, and had fallen whilft he was emulating the heroic actions of his brother the hereditary prince and his uncle Ferdinand.

not direct opp object. He ret as he perceived making any prc ted quarter, he felf as far into my had advan over, and by i fittence, oblige enterprize. Tl ceeded to his back marfhal B upon whofe app nand retired to Paderborn, and· for a new move foon as Broglio execution of hi Accordingly i the Wefer. TI prince, who ha joined the gran into Heffe, and theft extremities even as far as F he fucceeded fo as to destroy al zines which he country; yet as were in the ha as the garisons i inforced, and th were well fecur he kept his grou pofition.

On the fide of Weftphalia, the prince de Soubife perfevered, not withstanding fome checks, in his defign of laying fiege to Munfler; there was great reafon to apprehend that he might fucceed in that enterprize, as it was always in marshal Broglio's power, by taking fome fteps on the fide of Hanover, to make it neceffary to draw away the greatest part of the force defined to the fuccour of Munfter. He therefore began to make the previous arrangements at Dorften. The hereditary prince, who knew that he was continually liable to be called off, took the firft opportunity of attacking this place. Aug. 30th. A battalion of French troops formed its garrison, and made a brave defence, but it was affaulted with so much resolution and perfeverance, that they were obliged to furrender prifoners of The prince totally deftroyed the ovens which were established here, and by this means not only fruftrated their defign of befieging Munfter, but compelled them for a time, to retire from the Lippe.

war.

It was on this c that prince Fer difadvantage of form two armies feparately. For fhal Broglio, wh fecured his poft fituation in whic

As to prince Ferdinand, he faw clearly, that the intentions of marfhal Broglio were to make himself mafter of his majefty's, and the duke of Brunswick's territories. To attempt to follow him, and to beat him from thence, would only be irrecoverably to transfer the feat of war into thofe countries, and wholly to abandon Weftphalia to the enemy. Diverfion therefore, and with his defigns

the motions of 1 and kept himse fall back into H into Hanover, as

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fent out fime powerful detachments
which afted with great effect. One graft of the
of thefe detachments entered the of the We,
Harts Forell (the remains of the degree Lar
great Hercynian, fo famous among with 2.
the ancients and belaged the power, ce
ftrong cattle of Schartsfelts, which prince to th
they took and demolished. Then Time
they laid the whole traft of country very
under fevere contrbution. Ano- com
ther, and fill more powerful de- arvost
tachment under prince Xavier of
Saxony appeared before Wolfen- and to me
buttel, a confiderable city, and with de

Oct. 5th. ftrongly fituated, as it is non, and

wholly furrounded byte men. Ocker. But the French, as they W knew that the town is moffly built

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of wood, commented their ope ca rations with a very fierce bombarder, there ment. This had fuch an effect,

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From thefe circumftances fome udgment may be formed of the acive and enterprizing character of his monarch, and of the amazing efources he had prepared, or formd, or feized, and in fome inftances, one may fay, almoft created. We lave oblerved that the last campaign had ended more to his advantage, han the one preceeding had done; or thofe two great victories of Lig itz, and Torgau, with which he hen ended his operations, had not nly rescued his affairs on Silefia and axony from impending deftruction but had enlarged his field for reruiting, and prepared him, to all ppearance, for more early and vigorous action, than could have been xpected in most of the preceeding ampaigns. But every one was urprized to oblerve, that this year e had totally altered the fyftem of is conduct. Au inactivity and angour was diffused over all his roceedings. Ee feemed to have dopted the caution and flowneís hich had been fo long oppofed to

that the refiance of the place was prince of B. not proportioned to its frength; in quarter, fam five days it furrendered, and was capable of 0.2 fubject, like the reff, to a grievous his army by career all contribution. Flushed with this fuccefs, the most creel mar. The 186 Wetphalia, and ravaged a French fallowed their blow, and Ofnsbrug, and became rewa advanced, keeping fill the courfe buton were are dep of the Ocker, to Brandwith; and they gave p began also to invet inat city. The laged by dan me reigning prince, unable to protect the milerbe in his fubjects, or to fecure his perfon mercy, Ander bay in his dominions, fed to Hamburg, far as Embden. Ta where he met the landgrave of town was immedimyrd Heffe, whom the rage of war had by the gation Eng in the fame manner driven from his panies of invalids, at the Ré territories. This free city now be the time chata, and the pro came a place of general refuge, and mile of favourable trestant, enriched itself by the calamities, as withhanding this capite ston, and it had in better times done by the the ment of io cafy a ferentem, ne profperity of Germany. It was towo, as we'l as the whole country lately computed, that the frangers of Eaft-Frieland, was land enger there had increafed to forty thou a ruinous con ribulos. Bet tast fand, anongt whom they could exorbitances grew to act an exreckon two fovereign princes, and tremity, that the tours were at feveral other perfons of the first dir length competed to rie, ana maa tinction.

his

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great hopes as were formed from the rifing gallantry of a prince, who fo nobly fupported the martial fpirit of his family, and had fallen whilft he was emulating the heroic actions of his brother the hereditary prince and his uncle Ferdinand.

On the fide of Weftphalia, the prince de Soubife perfevered, notwithstanding fome checks, in his defign of laying fiege to Munfler; there was great reafon to apprehend that he might fucceed in that enter prize, as it was always in marshal Broglio's power, by taking fome fteps on the fide of Hanover, to make it neceffary to draw away the greatest part of the force defined to the fuccour of Munfter. He therefore began to make the previous arrangements at Dorften. The hereditary prince, who knew that he was continually liable to be called off, took the firft opportunity of attacking this place. Aug. 30th. A battalion of French troops formed its garrifon, and made a brave defence, but it was affaulted with fo much refolution and perfeverance, that they were obliged to furrender prifoners of war. The prince totally deftroyed the ovens which were established here, and by this means not only fruftrated their defign of befieging Munfier, but compelled them for a time, to retire from the Lippe.

As to prince Ferdinard, he faw clearly, that the intentions of marfhal Broglio were to make himself mafter of his majefty's, and the duke of Brunswick's territories. To attempt to follow him, and to beat him from thence, would only be irrecoverably to transfer the feat of war into thofe countries, and wholly to abandon Weftphalia to the enemy. Diverfion therefore, and

not direct oppofition, became his object. He refolved, that as often as he perceived marshal Broglio's making any progrefs on the fu pected quarter, he fhould throw himfelf as far into Heffe, as the enemy had advanced towards Hanover, and by ftopping their fubfittence, oblige them to quit their enterprize. This plan at first fucceeded to his wishes, and drew back marfhal Broglio into Heffe, upon whofe approach prince Ferdinand retired to his old quarters at Paderborn, and was ready

19th Oct. foon as Broglio fhould return to the execution of his former defign.

for a new movement as

Accordingly he foon returned to the Wefer. Then the hereditary prince, who had by this time rejoined the grand army, advanced into Heffe, and pushed to the fartheft extremities of that country, even as far as Fitzlar; but though he fucceeded fo far in his attempts as to destroy all the leffer magazines which he found in the open country; yet as all the fortreffes were in the hands of the enemy, as the garifens had been newly reinforced, and the grand magazines were well fecured in thofe places, he kept his ground in his advanced pofition.

It was on this occafion principally that prince Ferdinand found the difadvantage of not being able to form two armies, which might act feparately. For on one hand, marfhal Broglio, when he had perfectly fecured his pofts in Heffe, took a fituation in which he watched all the motions of prince Ferdinand, and kept himself in readiness to fall back into Heffe, or to advance into Hanover, as might beft agree with his defigns. From hence he

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