wards, began to erect on this estate a commodious building for a college, or hospital, from a design by Inigo Jones, and having with some difficulty obtained the king's letters patent for settling lands upon it, he executed a deed of trust, by which he conveyed the manor of Dulwich and other estates to the use of the college for ever. The chapel was finished in 1616, and the building being completed, and the members of the college appointed, the solemnity of the foundation took place September 13, 1619. This institution, to which Alleyne gave the name of God's Gift College, was founded for a master, warden, four fellows, six poor brethren, and six sisters, all of whom must be unmarried, twelve scholars, and thirty out-members. The endowment consisted of the manor of Dulwich, and lands and tenements there, also in Lambeth parish, and in the parish of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the Fortune theatre, then producing a revenue of about 8001. per annum. The annual rents of these estates, in 1808, amounted to 37841.

According to the statutes the master and warden must be of the blood and surname of the founder, and for want of such, of his name only. On the death of the master, the warden succeeds, and a new warden duly qualified must be chosen by lot. The fellows are chosen in the same manner; the senior performs di

vine

absurd story is very gravely related by Aubrey, and other topographical writers, who say, that while personating the Devil, his Satanic Majesty, indignant at this profanation, appeared bimself upon the stage, and terrified Alleyne to such a degree, that he immediately relinquished the profession, and made a vow to appropriate his fortune to charitable purposes, which he accomplished in the erection of Dulwich College. This tale seems to have been fabricated after Alleyne's time, for Baker, his contemporary, who was too fond of enliven ing his history to let such a circumstance pass unnoticed, says nothing of it. Having formed the plan of his foundation, he retired to the manor-house on Dulwich Common, now called Hall Place. Here he superintended the erection of his college, and spent the remainder of his days in the management of its affairs; not as master, as it has been asserted; for he appointed his kins men Thomas and Matthias Alleyne to be the first master and warden. died in November 1626, aged 60.

He

Archbishop Bradwardin died in 1348, and Shepey, Bishop of Rochester, and Lord Treasurer of England, in 1360. In the reign of Henry VIII. it came into the hands of the Crown, by whom it was granted to the Bishop of Carlisle and his succes. sors, when it assumed the name of Carlisle House, though it does not appear to have been ever inhabited by those prelates. In 1647, it was sold by the Parliament to Matthew Handy for 2201. It was afterwards a pottery, next a tavern, and a common brothel, and since inhabited by a celebrated dancing-master, named Froment, who endeavoured, but in vain, to obtain a licence for opening it as a place of public amusement. The site is now occupied by an academy, and the premises are still surrounded by some of the ancient walls.

There are two meeting-houses in Lambeth of the Protestant Dissenters, two of the Independents, and three of the Methodists. One of the latter has recently been built, upon a very large scale, and has an inscription in front, by which it assumes the name of Lambeth Chapel. Besides these, there are two meeting-houses in which divine service is performed in the Welsh language.

At the beginning of the last century there was a place of public entertainment in this parish called Lambeth Wells, on the spot now known by the appellation of Lambeth Walk. The avowed purpose of opening it was on account of a mineral water, which was sold there. This place having become a nuisance, the proprietor was refused a licence, and the premises were let to a Methodist preacher. Another place of public amusement was opened about the middle of last century at Cuper's Gardens, which, in 1636, were the garden of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, and received their name from Cuper, the Earl's gardener, by whom they were afterwards rented. The entertainments consisted of fire-works, illuminations, and music, which, however, were suppressed in 1753; but the house was kept open for some time as a tavern. In these gardens were formerly some mutilated statues, the refuse of the collection brought by the Earl of Arun

del from Italy; * most of them were removed in 1717, by two gentlemen who had purchased them, and those which remained were covered with rubbish: but being dug up by Mr. Theobald, a subsequent proprietor of the premises, they were given by him to the Earl of Burlington, who took them to Chiswick +. The site of these gardens is now occupied by the extensive vinegarworks of Messrs. Beaufoy.

About 1768, a riding-school for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship was established near the foot of Westminster Bridge, by Mr. Philip Astley. It was at first an open area, which, in 1780, was converted into a covered amphitheatre, and divided into pit, boxes, and gallery. At this place, known by the name of Astley's Amphitheatre, short interlades are performed between the feats of horsemanship, and tumbling and rope-dancing are exhibited. It has been twice destroyed by fire; in August 1794, and in September 1803, when the mother of Mrs. Astley, junior, perished in the flames, and some of the adjoining houses were consumed. The amphitheatre was rebuilt in a few months, and again opened in April following.

It would be impossible to enumerate here all the manufactories with which Lambeth abounds. One of the most conspicuous is that for patent shot, situated in Narrow Wall, on the bank of the Thames, between Blackfriars and Westminster Bridges, and established about the year 1789, by Messrs. Watts. The principle of making this shot is to let it fall from a great height, that it may cool and harden in its passage through the air to such a degree, as not to lose its spherical shape by the pressure of the water in which it is received below. The height of the tower at this manufactory is 140 feet, and the shot falls 123.

Not far distant are Messrs. Beaufoy's works for making wines and vinegar," where," says Mr. Pennant," the foreign wines are most admirably mimicked. Such is the prodigality and the luxury

• Engravings of these fragments are given in the last volume of Aubrey's History.

History of Lambeth, p. 80, 81.

luxury of the age, that the demand for many sorts exceeds in a great degree the produce of the native vineyards. It has been estimated that five-sixths of the white wines consumed in our capital have been the produce of our home wine-presses. The genial banks of the Thames opposite to our own capital yield almost every species of white wine; and by a wondrous magic Messrs. Beaufoy pour forth the materials for the rich Frontiniac to the more elegant tables; the Madeira, the Calcavella, and the Lisbon, into every part of the kingdom."-" There is a magnificence of business," remarks the same author," in this ocean of sweets and sours, that cannot fail to excite the greatest admiration, whether we consider the number of vessels or their size." He mentions one full of sweet wine, containing 58,109 gallons, and another for vinegar, holding 56,799 gallons, the latter of which exceeds the capacity of the famous tun of Heidelberg by 40 barrels. These works are about to be removed, in consequence of the erection of a new bridge at this place.

Coade and Sealy's manufactory of artificial stone at the corner of Narrow Wall, near the foot of Westminster Bridge, is well worthy of notice. It was established in 1769. The repository consists of several very large rooms filled with every ornament which can be employed in architecture. The composition is cast in moulds, and burned; and, where it has been placed in exposed situations, is found to resist the frost extremely well.

Close to the landing-place, known by the name of Cuper's Bridge, near Messrs. Beaufoy's vinegar works, was laid in October 11, 1811, the first stone of the intended Strand Bridge. This structure will consist of nine arches, each of 120 feet span, and when completed will be the largest on the Thames.

Lambeth contains several most useful charitable institutions. The Asylum was established in 1758, at the suggestion of that active magistrate Sir John Fielding, for the maintenance and education of orphan female children, whose settlement cannot be ascertained. These girls, who at the time of their admission must

not

not be under nine, nor above twelve years old, are employed in needle-work and domestic offices, by which means they are qualified for household servants, and bound apprentices as such, at the age of fifteen or sooner. Two hundred girls are maintained and educated in this excellent charity, in which Dr. Bell's system of instruction has recently been adopted.

The Westminster Lying-In Hospital, not far from Westminster Bridge, was instituted in the year 1765, through the exertions of Dr. John Leake, who gave the ground upon which the building was erected. It was intended principally for the wives of poor industrious tradesmen and house-keepers, incapable of bearing the expenses incident to pregnancy, and also for the wives of indigent soldiers and sailors; but the governors in the spirit of ge nuine philanthropy have extended the benefits of the institution to unmarried females, restricting this indulgence, however, to the first instance of misconduct. Such poor women as prefer remaining with their families, are delivered at their own habitations, and receive from this charity all the necessary medicines and assistance. The number of patients annually admitted is between four and five hundred; and about 200 out-patients are yearly relieved.

The Refuge for the Destitute, an institution calculated to render most important service to the community, was established at Cuper's Bridge, in 1806, for the purpose of providing an asylum for persons discharged from prison, or from the hulks, for unfortunate and deserted females, and others who, from loss of character, or extreme indigence, cannot procure an honest maintenance, though willing to work. In the first three years after its establishment, out of nearly 600 applicants, 250 were admitted, and 100 relieved out of the house, in which are now seventy persons employed in various occupations. Of those who have left the house, some have been restored to their friends, and others placed in situations, and enabled to gain an honest livelihood.

In 1622, Sir Noel de Caron, ambassador from the United Provinces,

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