理 at Tutbury; one other at Agardisley, called Newburgh; and one other at Uttoxeter; and granted to the burgesses and inhabitants of any of them, such parcels of land to build upon, as in their several grants may appear; and to make men more desirous to plant their habitations in those places, procured for them markets and fairs within the same; and granted to the burgesses, divers liberties of common of pasture, puvnage, and estovers in their forest of Needwood, and also that they should be free of all tolls, tonnage, package, poundage, and other exactions within all their possessions; and granted to Tutbury CLXXX and two burgages; to Newburgh CI bargages; and to Uttoxeter CXXVII burgages, which were all inhabited, as it should seem, with handycraftmen: they could not otherwise live; for we find by record, and by the accounts from time to time, that all the lands within the said manors, were granted to divers persons, either by or else to the customary tenants, for there was none reserved to the bur gesses, to maintain their living, but only by some handycraft, or trade of merchandize. And then were they merchants, not husbandmen, nor graziers, but trusted only to the trades of merchandize and other handycrafts. Such was the wisdom and policy of our ancestors, to divorce the merchants and bandycraftmen from the husband and tylth-men, that none of them should intrude upon other's gain. And by this means the good towns were builded, inhabited, and maintained, which now are decayed and depopulated; the markets plentiful with all kinds of provisions, which are now unfurnished ; and the county replenished with gentlemen and husbandmen, which is now inhabited by merchants and men of occupation; so that no man is contented with his own estate, which hath brought all things to such extremity, as they have not been of many years before. The earls of Derby were noble gentlemen, stout and liberal, and had more affection (as it should seem) to the chivalry of Englishmen, than to their religion, and had greater confidence 9 confidence in their poor neighbours in England, than to their kinsmen and abbeys in Nermandy. The lordships, manors, and other lands, which were given by them to the gentlemen of Stafford, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, and Warwick, between the invasion of William the Conqueror and the attainder of Robert, earl Ferrers, to hold of them by divers kinds of service, as of the same honor, do at this day amount to double as much in yearly revenue, as any of the said earls might at any time dispend during the con. tinuance, as many plainly appear by the Feodary's books of the said honor. The castle park is that wherein the castle of Tutbury standeth, and is in circuit one mile, and containeth by the measure of a xvisth part and a half to the pole, acres and one rood, whereof in good meadow XL acres; the rest all very good and bateful pasture; it will bear well seven score deer, and sufficient herbage to make the king's rent. And there are in it at this present, XXX deer. There is no covert in all the park but the clyff, whereupon the castle standeth. The keeper thereof is appointed by the King's Majesty's letters patent, under the duchy seal. His fee is yearly fIV. one horse grass for himself, one other for his deputy: six beasts' grass for himself, and two for his deputy; and such other fees and rewards as belong to a keeper."* The Harleian manuscripts contain also onet descriptive of the *Harl. MSS. No. 71. written temp. R. Eliz. ↑ No. 568. the castle in the reign of Elizabeth. This has already been partly anticipated. This manuscript adds: "The castle is situate upon a round hill, or tower of a great height, and is circumvironed with a strong wall of Astiler stone; all, saving one, which is fallen down, and repaired up with timber. The king's lodging therein is fair and strong, bounded and knit to the wall. And a fair stage hall of timber, of a great length. Four chambers of timber and other houses of office well upholden, within the wall of the castle."* Its present state we have already sufficiently described. We have also already noticed the gloomy fact of the imprisonment in this castle of the insulted, and afterwards the murdered‡ Queen of Scots. To that account Among the prints of the Society of Antiquaries, is one of this castle in its perfect state, from a drawing remaining among the Archives of the Duchy Court of Lancaster. + Page 769. See the ingenious Mr. Whitaker's “ Vindication of Mary Queen of Scots" passim. Camden calls her " a lady fixed and constant in religeon, of singular piety towards God, invincible magnanimity of mind, wisdom above her sex, and admirable beauty; a lady to be reckoned in the list of those princesses who have changed their happiness for misery and calamity!" Camden's Life of Elizabeth. But language does not supply epithets sufficiently strong to con. vey the full weight of indignation which should fall on the memory of the man who, though a "Noble author" could calmly commit to paper so base a calumny as that expressed in the following terms, wherein this unfortunate and virtuous princess is described as "at last reduced by her crimes to be a saint in a religion which was opposite to what her rival professed out of policy." The antithesis is not less unjust towards Mary than it is indecent in its conclusions: Their different talents for a crown appeared even in their passions as women. Mary destroyed her husband, for killing a musician that was her gallant, and then married her husband's assassin; Elizabeth disdained to marry her lovers, and put one of them to death for presuming too much upon her affection. The mistress of David Rizzio could not but miscarry in a contest with the Queen of Essex. As handsome as she was, Sixtus the Fifth never wished to pass a night with Mary: she was no mould to cast Alexanders in." Catalogue of Noble and Royal Authors of England, &c. account we will only add the following " ditty," composed by Queen Elizabeth, on the faction's raised through her treacherous and cruel conduct towards her afflicted rival. The lines were printed not long after, if not before, the beheading of this queen: The doubt of future foes exiles my present joy, And Wit me learns to shun such snares as threaten my annoy; Which turn to rain of late repent by course of changed winds. The top of Hope suppos'd, the root of Rule will be, And fruitless all their grafted; as shortly ye shall see. Then dazzled eyes with pride, which great ambition blinds, Shall reap no gain where former rule hath taught Peace still to grow. Our realm it brooks no stranger's force-let them elsewhere resort. To poll their tops that seek such change, and gape for lawless joy.* These lines were doubtless written before the murder of the Queen Vol. II. p. 205. It is more honourable and just in that writer, who, in estimating the character of the Earl of Shrewsbury, to whose care Queen Mary was committed, during the space of fifteen years, who observes that "this Eart became an instrument to the worst of tyrants, for the execution of the worst of tyrannies." See Lodge's Illustrations, Vol. I. p. 15. Dugdale, speaking of this same earl, says, "his behaviour to the queen was generous and honourable, sparing no cost for her entertainment; neither can words express the care and concern he had for her; nor can envy itself say otherwise, than that he was a faithful, provident, and prudent person; which shewed that his integrity was not to be suspected in the least, although evil-disposed persons gave out that he used too much familiarity with his royal prisoner." Baronoge, Vol. I. p. 333. See also before, BEAUTIES, Vol. X. p. 291. • Transcribed from the Harl. MSS. No. 6933, in Brit. Mus. ? Queen of Scots: they breathe the native vindictiveness and pride of Elizabeth. The Harl. MS. before cited* gives the following account of the extent, &c. of the different "parks", which in the reign of Elizabeth adorned this neighbourhood: The park of Agardisley contains, in compass XXI furlongs. The park of Stockley contains in compass XXI furlongs and a half. The park of Barton contains in compass XVI furlongs and dim.and X poles." The park of Heylyn's contains in compass one part XVIII furlongs and XIII poles, and every part XV furlongs. The park of Sherrold contains in compass X furlongs and dim, and X poles. The park called Castle-hay, distant from the castle a little mile, contains three miles and an half about, and the deere viewed to CCCCLXXX. And old dottred oakes MMMMMC, and in timber trees, young and old, CCCCXX. noe underwood, but in meadow ground severed XI acres and half, and more. The park called Hanbury Park adjoynes on the south side of the said Castle-hay, within one quarter of a mile, containing in compass two miles and an halfe, the deere viewed CLXX. In old trees dottred and stubbs of oakes M, and timber trees XXX. The park called Rolleston park being half a mile distant from the castle, on the east side contains in compasse one mile and quarter, the deere viewed to CXX. In old dottred oakes M, and XL. The number of all the timber trees within the parks of Needwood, are MMM. CCCCC. VI. The number of dottrel trees, t within the said parks, XII. M. DCCC. XLI. after XIId. a tree, for the dottrels come to DCXIII. and XIId.” The same curious and interesting MS. gives the following account * No. 568. † These are trees that are kept constantly low by lopping off the bratche |