still plainly visible to Dorking. From Dorking it was continued along a remarkable ridge of hill, leaving Guildford about a mile on the north, to Farnham, beyond which town it entered the adjacent county of Hampshire.

The Stane Street, or Stone Street Causeway, a branch of the Ermine Street, commences at Dorking, and passing through the church-yard, where remains of it have often been discovered in digging graves, it may be clearly traced through the parish of Ockley, till it enters the county of Sussex in its progress southward to the city of Chichester. Another Roman military way beginning at the metropolis, and likewise known by the name of the Stane Street, intersected the county near its eastern border from north to south, and has been traced through Stretham, Croydon, Coulsdon, Caterham, and Godstone; till it enters Sussex, where it is continued through Lindfield to Shoreham.

Remains of Roman encampments are found on Holmbury hill, in the parish of Ockley, about two miles from the western Stane Street; and on Bottle hill, in the parish of Warlingham, near the eastern military way which bears the same denomination; but the most extensive work of this kind, is that of St. George's hill, Walton on the Thames. Here Cæsar seems to have encamped previously to his having crossed the Thames at Coway Stakes, thus named from the sub-aquatic contrivance of the Britons to obstruct his passage, some vestiges of which exist to this day. At Walton on the Hill, also, great quantities of Roman bricks and other relics, discovered within an inclosure of earth-work, mark the site of edifices belonging to the same people, the foundations and arrangement of some of which have been traced. Lastly on Blackheath, in the parish of Aldbury, are the remains of a Roman temple, surrounded with embankments.

Vestiges of various other works, unquestionably designed for military purposes, are to be found in different parts of the county. Some of these, as Hanstie Bury, on a projection of Leith hill, about four miles south of Guildford, and the fortification on

War

War Coppice hill, in Caterham, are ascribed to the Danes, but the origin of others, such as the small camp on a common in the parish of Effingham, lately enclosed, it is impossible to determine.

GENERAL HISTORY.

The first inhabitants of this county, of whom we have any information that can be relied on, were the Segontiaci, originally a people of Belgium, whose first settlements in Britain, were in the west of Hampshire; from which province, however, they were obliged to retire eastward on the arrival of another colony of the same nation. In process of time, such of them as had been left in Hampshire retired to the main body, and thus they all became confined within the tract forming the present counties of Surrey and Sussex. Such was their situation in the time of Ptolemy, by whom they are denominated Regni.

On the division made by the Romans during their dominion over the island, this district constituted part of the province of Britannia prima, or the portion southward of the Thames and Severn. On the new partition of the country which took place after the arrival of the Saxons, and is known by the appellation of the heptarchy, this county formed with Sussex a distinct state, under the title of Suth-Seaxna-rice, or kingdom of the South Saxons. It was founded by Ella about the year 491, and had its own monarchs till 725, when it was subdued by Ina, King of Wessex. On the division of England into shires, this district, from its situation on the south side of the Thames, received the name of Suthrea, or Suthrie, since changed to its present appellation of Surrey.

On the invasion of the island by the Danes, Surrey, as well as others of its provinces, was dreadfully ravaged by those barbarians, till their leader, having gradually subdued the whole kingdom, seated himself on the British throne. William the Conqueror having, in like manner, made himself master of England by the sword, divided among his followers the possessions of the

He

gave

to

Saxons in this county, as he had done in others. Richard de Tonebruge, or de Clare, thirty-eight manors; to William Fitz Asculph, seven; to Hugh de Montgomery, four; to Walter Fitz Other, or Windsor, three; to Milo Crispin, two; to William de Braose, two; to Godwin, Earl of Kent, two; to Edward de Salisbury, one; to Geoffrey de Magnaville, one; to Gilbert d'Aquila, one; and to Leofwine, Earl of Kent, one.

In the later history of this county nothing worthy of particu lar notice occurs, except that during the contest between Charles I. and his Parliament, Surrey strenuously supported the proceedings of the latter. In the early part of those commotions, a petition from this county, subscribed by 2,000 persons, was presented to the House of Commons, and another to the Lords congratulating them on the measures which they had adopted; complaining of the delays in relieving Ireland, and the distractions of the nation, which could not be redressed as long as there were evil counsellors about the king, and popish lords in the house, and praying that they might be removed. This petition, in a day or two, produced the bills against bishop's votes, the pressing of soldiers, and some others.

HONORIAL HISTORY. It is known that so early as the time of the Saxons, this county conferred the title of Earl; but the only person who, during their dominion, is recorded in history, as having borne that title, was WADA, or HUDA, who, in the year 853, was slain in battle with the Danes in the Isle of Thanet, whither he had marched with the forces of Surrey, to the assistance of Ealhere, Earl of Kent. The first who enjoyed this dignity under the Norman princes, was

WILLIAM DE WARREN, Earl of Warren in Normandy, who married the daughter of the Conqueror, and accompanied him to England. Having signalized himself at the battle of Hastings, he was liberally rewarded by his father-in-law, out of the estates of his new kingdom: but the earldom was not conferred till soon after the accession of William II. He died in 1088, possessed of more than 200 lordships in different counties,

His successor was his eldest son

WILLIAM, who espousing the cause of Robert, eldest brother of Henry I. in his attempt upon the crown of England, was dispossessed of his earldom, and obliged to retire into Normandy. His dignity was shortly after restored, and his fidelity and subsequent services proved him worthy of the favour of his sovereign, whom he attended in his last illness, and died in the same year with him, A. D. 1135.

WILLIAM the third earl, eldest son and heir of the preceding, was chiefly remarkable for the wavering policy, with which he balanced in such a manner between the opposite interests of Maud and Stephen, as to serve both in appearance, but neither in effect. Having accompanied the great expedition to the Holy Land in 1147, he was the year following intercepted by the Infidels, and slain. He was the last heir male of his family, leaving an only daughter, Isabel, who was successively married to William de Blois, a natural son of King Stephen; and Hamelin Plantagenet, a natural son of Geoffry of Anjou.

WILLIAM DE BLOIS succeeded to the earldom in right of his wife. From the various grants conferred on him by his father, he bore the titles of Earl of Bologne, Morteign, Warren, and Surrey, Lord of Norwich, and Pevensey; and died without issue in 1160. On his decease, the king for some time retained his dignities in his own hands; but on the marriage of Isabel, his widow, with HAMELIN DE PLANTAGENET, who was brother to the king by the father, the Earldom of Surrey was revived in his person. He died in 1201, leaving his honours to his son and

successor,

WILLIAM, who enjoyed great influence over King John, and possessed his confidence in an eminent degree. He was one of the witnesses to the infamous deed by which the crown of England was surrendered to the see of Rome, and had the custody of some of the most important fortresses in the kingdom; but notwithstanding the marks of royal favour which he had received, when the king refused to confirm the charter of Henry I. he went

over to the barons. He was also at the head of those who successfully opposed the repeal of the forest charter in the succeeding reign. He died in 1248, leaving his honours and great possessions to his son

JOHN, who, in 1247, married Alice, daughter of Hugh le Brun, Earl of March and Angouleme, sister of William Valence, Earl of Pembroke, and also sister to Henry III. by the mother, whom Hugh had married after the death of her former husband, King John. This alliance accounts for the steady adherence of this nobleman to the royal cause, when most of the other barons had been provoked to abandon it. At the battle of Lewes, however, he unexpectedly deserted the king's army, and having withdrawn to France, left his estates at the mercy of the barons, who immediately took possession of them. He returned to England the year following, and in 52 Henry III. having committed a most outrageous assault in the King's Court at Westminster, on Alan Baron Zouch, and his son, he was fined 10,000 marks for the offence. Notwithstanding his spirited resistance to the encroachments of the crown, this nobleman stood high in the favor of Edward I. who, after his expedition to Scotland, made him sole warden or governor of that kingdom. In this capacity, he sustained a signal defeat from the Scots at Stirling, but the king still continued to employ him in his military operations in that country. He died in 1304, and was succeeded by his grandson

JOHN, who, after serving in many of the expeditions against Scotland under Edward I. and II. was one of the grave and able statesmen appointed to administer the government during the minority of Edward III. In the reign of the latter, also, he was se veral times employed against the Scots, and died in 1347, leaving his sister Alice, relict of Edmund, Earl of Arundel, his next heir in blood. To their posterity the honours of Warren and Surrey, with all the lands in this county held by the late earl, and great part of the other estates of the family, devolved. The first of these was

RICHARD FITZ-ALAN, who, in 20 Edward III. attended the VOL, XIV.

D

king