(m) Egypt; Lat. from the Gr. i. e. The Land of the Egopti, Cophti, and Copti, from Coptus the Metropolis of Thebais, a City mentioned by Strabo and Plutarch; or from Cobtim, the People and firft King that fettled in that Country, and of the Pofterity of Ham; or from Ægyptus, the Brother of Danaus, and an antient King of it. This Monarchy lafted 1300 Years 'till Alexander the Great. In the Old Teftameut 'tis call'd the Land of Ham and Mizraim. (Mizraim fignifies Afflictions, and is a Prediction of the Tribulations the People of God were afterwards to fuffer there.) Greeks call it Egyptos, q. Ge Coptoon, and Chamia or Chemia, i. e. the Land of the Copti and of Cham; the Turks and Arabs call it Mizri and Mifr. to this Day. An antient and fertile Kingdom of Africa; having Ethiopia on the South, the Red Sea and Ifthmus of Suez on the Eaft, the Mediterranean Sea on the North, and the Defarts of

The

Lybia on the Weft. It is about 650 Miles in Length, and 310 Miles in Breadth. It was peopled foon after the Deluge, had Kings in the Days of Abraham, Gen. 12. 10. celebrated for the great Skill of the People in polite Literature. Nebuchadnezzar vanquifh'd it, Cambyfes brought it into the Power of the Perfians, A. M. 3479. Then it fell into the Hands of the Grecians for 300 Years. The Romans reduc'd it into a Province, and called it Augufta, who held it for 313 Years. The Saracens, then the Mamalucs, and at laft the Turks became Mafters of it. There is little Rain, but the Overflowing of the Nile yearly renders it very fertile: So that it was always a Granary to Canaan, Arabia, Greece and Rome, and is now to Conftantinople; though fometimes there have been Famines there. The Harveft is in our March and April. The evil Day of Egypt was under the ten Plagues mentioned Exod. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.

(n) Locufts; Ital. Lat. q. Loca uftans. i. e. Burning or laying Places wafte. They are mischievous Flies, like Grafhoppers, that deftroy the Grafs, Corn, and Fruits, wherever they go; very common in Egypt, Africa, and other hot Countries; they live about five Months only: But thefe were extraordinary, both for their Number and the End for which they were fent. The 9th Plague of Egypt fent by God to humble that proud Tyrant. Pliny reckons 30 Sorts of them; fome are three Feet long, which the Jews, Arabs, Africans, and Americans do eat, See Mat. 3. 4. Cockburn's Journey, p. 58. And fays a whole City in Africa was laid wafte by them; they deftroy'd Part of Germany, Á. D. 852. To thofe Milton refembles the Fallen Angels for the vaft Multitudes of them; for they come in Clouds, about 18 Miles in Length, and 12 Miles in Breadth, which eclipfe the Sun, darken the Air, cover the Earth, make a fad Stench when they die, and are exactly defcribed, Exod. 10. 4. Prov. 30. 27. and Joel 2. 2, 12.

(0) Pharaoh; Old Egyptian, i. e. A Crocodile; for the Peo. ple worshipped that Creature out of Fear. Jofephus tranflites it a King. Pharaoh was the common Name of their Kings from the Beginning to the Conqueft of

Alexander the Great, for 1660 Years, under 47 Kings; as that. of Abimelech, Heb. i. e. my Father the King, among the Philifines; Auguftus and Cajar was among the Romans; yet many of them had proper Names, as Se foftris, So, Neco, Ophra, &c. After Alexander 12 Princes reig ned, who were called Ptolomy, Gr. i. e. Warlike, for 300. Years; and Cleopatra, Gr. i. e. The Glory of the Country. She was vanquish'd by Julius Cæfar,. A. M. 3974. And then Egypt. fell into the Hands of the Romans. This King's proper Name was Ramafes Miamum; who came to the Crown 58 Years after the Death of Jofeph; and Bufiris by the Greeks.

(p) Nile; O. Egypt. or contracted from Nabal, Heb. i. e. The River; for that Language came near to the Heb. and in the Old Teft. it is called Nahal Mizzam, i. e. The River of the Egyptians; because it is the chief and only River there; from which the Greeks and the Targum call it Nilos. It is ufual in many Countries to call their chief River fo. Thus the Ganges in India, thus Mefchacebe (which the French call Miffifippe) from Cebe, i. e. The River; and Mefcha, i. e. The great; the Great River. The Nile is alfo called Sehor, Joh. 13. 3. from thence the Ethiopians named it Shieri,

Shibri,

Shibri, and Siris, 'till it paffes into the Confines of Egypt and the laft Cataract; thefe Words are of the fame Signification in the Ethiopic, and fignify Black; because the Waters of it are black and turbid. It is the nobleft River in all Africa, rifing in and running through Ethiopia from South to North; it divides Egypt in the Middle, waters it all over once a-year, viz. June, July, Auguft, and Part of September; and difcharges itself into the Mediterranean Sea, at feven Mouths formerly, See Ifa. 11. 15. But only two of them are navigable at this Time, one at Damietta, and another at Rofetta; the other five being small ones, fill'd up with Sands or artificial Canals; after a long Course of 1000 German Miles, and 4000 English. The Spring of it was unknown to the Ancients, even to a Proverb. Alexander the Great confulted the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon to find it; SefoAris and Ptolemy, Kings of Egyt, fought for it in vain; and Julius Cæfar faid he would give over the Pursuit of the Civil Wars, if he was fure to find it. But now it is known to be in a

Plain at the Foot of a Mountain in Abyffinia, furrounded with high Mountains, from two Fountains about the Wideness of a Cart Wheel, 30 Paces diftant, whofe Bottoms are 16 or 17 Foot deep. These Sources the Ethiopians call Abain and Saccabela, i. e. The Father of the Waters. The old Inhabitants worshipped the Nile, Pharaoh paid his Devotions to it every Morning; and there Mofes addrefs'd him fo frequently during the ten Plagues; theydedicated a magnificent I'emple to it in Memphis, with many Priests and Rites, because they thought it was the fole Caufe of all their Plenty. But Conftanfine demolish'd it, and difpers'd the Priests; whereat the poor Infidels made grievous Lamentations, faying, the River would defert them for ever. It overflows fome Parts of Ethiopia, and all Egypt every Year, which is caufed by vaft Snow and Rains falling upon thefe Mountains of Ethiopia, which being melted by the Heat of the Sun, render the adjacent Countries most fruitful; other Rivers do the like.

C 4

(q) Rhene, or Rhine; Teut. i. e. Pure, because of the Clearnefs of the Waters; or Gr. i. e. the Flood or River; because it is a vaft one. A large River in Germany, rifing in the Alps, parts France and Germany, and after a long Course of 1000 Miles, throws itself into the German Ocean, in two large Mouths near the Briel; therefore Virgil calls it Bicornis, i. e. Having two Horns or Paffages.

(r) Danaw, Danow, Danube, and by the Natives, Tonaw, Teut. i. e. Thunder; because of the thundering Noife of its rapid Current and three grand Cataracts. Or Danubius, Lat. q. Danivius, i. e. Snowy, from the Abundance of Snow that falls upon the adjacent Mountains, and fwells the River; or from Danai, an antient People that are said to have dwelt thereabouts. A grand River in Europe; it rifeth in Suaben, runs thro' Germany, Bavaria, Auftria, Hungary, Bulgaria, &c. into the Euxine Sea in 6 or 7 Mouths, (but only two are navigable) after a Course of near 2000 Miles, wherein it receives 60 other Rivers, whereof 30 are navigable.

It is very broad, and 200 Feet deep in divers Places; and abounds with many large Islands and Villages. At the Confines of Illyricum it changes its Name, and for 400 Miles is called the Ifter, q. Efter, contracted from Eftreon, i. e. The Flood, or River, as I think, for I cannot find the original Derivation in, any Author. Dianyfius calls it the Sacred Ifter. The Country thereabout is called Iftria, and the People Iftri.

(s) Gibralter; Arab. Jibil Tharek, i. e. The Mountain of Tharek Captain of the Moors, A. D. 718. when from Africa they invaded Spain, and pitched first upon that Promontory, which is upon the Mouth of the Streights between Spain and Africa. Thefe Streights were formerly called the Streights of Hercules and of Gades. From that Time the Moors poffeffed Spain 760 Years, 'till 900,000 of them were expelled by Ferdinand and Isabella, A. D. 1492. But the Moorish is ftill spoken in fome Parts of it, and many of their Customs and favage Difpofitions continue in the Blood of the Spaniards to this Day.