II. Immediately after they fhall be affembled, in confequence of the first election, they fhall be divided, as equally as may be into three claffes. The feats of the Senators of the first clafs fall be vacated at the expiration of the fecond year; of the fecond clafs, at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third clafs, at the expiration of the fixth year: fo that one third may be chofen every fecond year. And if vacancies happen, by refignation or otherwife, during the recefs of the Legiflature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legiflature, which fhall then fill fuch vacancies.

III. No perfon fhall be a Senator, who fhall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a Citizen of the United States; and who fhall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he fhall be chofen.

IV. The Vice-president of the United States fhall be Prefident of the Senate; but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

V. The Senate fhall choose their other officers, and alfo a Prefident pro tempore, in the abfence of the Vice-prefident, or when he fhall exercife the office of Prefident of the United States.

VI. The Senate fhall have the fole power to try all impeachments. When fitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice fhall prefide: and no perfon fhall be convicted, without the concurrence of two thirds of the members prefent.

VII. Judgment, in cafes of impeachment, fhall not extend further than to removal from office, and difqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honour, truft, or profit, under the United States. But the party convicted fhall, nevertheless, be liable and fubject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law.

SECTION IV.

I. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Reprefentatives, fhall be prefcribed in each State by the Legiflature thereof; but the Congrefs may, at any time, by law, make or alter fuch regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.

II. The Congrefs fhall affemble at least once in every year and fuch meeting fhall be on the first Monday in December, unless they fhall by law appoint a different day.

SECTION V.

I. Each Houfe fhall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each fhallconftitute a quorum to do bufinefs: but a smaller number may ad. journ from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of abfent members, in fuch manner, and under fuch peBalties as each House may provide.

II. Each Houfe may determine the rules of its proceedings; punifh its members for disorderly behaviour; and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.

III. Each Houfe thall keep a journal of its proceedings; and from time to time publish the fame, excepting fuch parts as may in their judgment require fecrecy; and the yeas and nays, of the members of either Houfe, on any question, fhall, at the defire of one fifth of thofe prefent, be entered on the journal.

IV. Neither Houfe, during the feffion of Congress, fhall, without the confent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses fhall be fitting.

SECTION VI.

I. The Senators and Reprefentatives fhall receive a compenfation for their fervices, to be afcertained by law, and paid out of the treafury of the United States. They fhall, in all cafes, except treafon, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, during their attendance at the feffion of their refpective Houses, and in going to, and returning from the fame: and for any speech or debate in either Houfe, they fhall not be questioned in any other place.

II. No Senator or Reprefentative fhall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office, under the authority of the United States, which fhall have been created, or the emoluments of which fhall have been increased during fuch time : and no perfon holding any office under the United States, fhall be a member of either Houfe during his continuance in office.

SECTION VII.

I. All bills for raifing revenue fhall originate in the House of Reprefentatives: but the Senate fhall propofe or concur with amendments, as on other bills.

II. Every bill which fhall have paffed the House of Reprefenta tives and the Senate, fhall, before it become a law, be prefented to the Prefident of the United States. If he approve, he shall fign it; but if not, he fhall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it fall have originated, who fhall enter the objections at large on their journals, and proceed to confider it. If, after fuch reconfideration, two thirds of that Houfe fhall agree to pafs the bill, it shall be fent, together with the objections, to the other Houfe, by which it fhall likewife be reconfidered: and, if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all fuch cafes, the votes of both Houfes fhall be determined by yeas and nays and the names of the perfons voting for and against the bill fhall be entered on the journal of each House refpectively. If any bill fhall not be returned by the Prefident within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it fhall have been prefented to him, the fame fhall be a law, in like manner as if he had figned it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which cafe it shall not be a law. III.

III. Every order, refolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and Houfe of Representatives may be neceffary, except on a question of adjournment, fhall be prefented to the Prefident of the United States; and before the fame fhall take effect, be approved by him; or being disapproved by him, shall be repaffed by two thirds of both Houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

SECTION VIII.

The Congrefs fhall have power,

I. To lay and collect taxes, duties, impofts, and excifes; to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States: but all duties, impofts, and excises, fhall be uniform throughout the United States.

II. To borrow money on the credit of the United States.

III. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the feveral States, and with the Indian tribes.

IV. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and unifərm laws on the fubject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States.

V. To coin money; regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin; and fix the standard of weights and measures.

VI. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the fecurities and current coin of the United States.

VII. To establish poft-offices and post-roads.

VIII. To promote the progrefs of science and useful arts, by fecuring for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclufive right to their respective writings and discoveries.

IX. To conftitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.

X. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and offences against the law of nations.

XI. To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; and make rules concerning captures on land and water.

XII. To raise and fupport armies. But no appropriation of money for that ufe fhall be for a longer term than two years.

XIII. To provide and maintain a navy.

XIV. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces.

XV. To provide for calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, fupprefs infurrections, and repel invafions.

XVI. To provide for organizing, arming, and difciplining the militia, and for governing fuch part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States; referving to the States refpectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congrefs.

XVII. To exercise exclufive legiflation, in all cafes whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles fquare), as may, by ceffion of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become

YOL. I.

G

the

the feat of the Government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legiflature of the State in which the fame fhall be, for the election of forts, magazines, arfenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and,

XVIII. To make all laws which fhall be neceffary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vefted by this Conftitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

I. The migration or importation of fuch perfons as any of the States now exifting fhall think proper to admit, fhall not be prohibited by the Congrefs, prior to the year one thoufand eight hundred and eight: but a tax or duty may be imposed on fuch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each perfon.

II. The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus fhall not be fufpended, unless when, in cafes of rebellion or invafion, the public fafety may require it.

III. No bill of attainder or ex poft facto law, fhall be paffed. IV. No capitation or other direct tax fhall be laid, unless in proportion to the cenfus or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

V. No tax or duty fhall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference fhall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State, over thofe of another; nor fhall veffels bound to or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

VI. No money fhall be drawn from the treasury, but in confequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money fhall be published from time to time.

VII. No title of nobility fhall be granted by the United States: and no perfon holding any office of profit or truft under them, hall, without the confent of Congrefs, accept of any prefent, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

SECTION X.

I. No State fhall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprifal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and filver coin a tender in payment of debts; pafs any bill of attainder, ex poft facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

II. No State fhall, without the confent of Congrefs, lay any impoft or duties on imports or exports, except what may be abfolutely neceffary for executing its infpection laws; and the net produce of all duties and impofts, laid by any State on imports, or exports, fhall be for the ufe of the treafury of the United States;

and

and all fuch laws fhall be fubject to the revifion and control of the Congress. No State fhall, without the confent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or fhips of war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war unless actually invaded, or in fuch imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II. SECTION I.

I. The executive power fhall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He fhall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice-prefident, chofen for the fame term, be elected as follows:

II. Each State fhall appoint, in fuch manner as the Legiflature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Reprefentatives, to which the State may be entitled in the Congrefs. But no Senator or Reprefentative, or perfon holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, fhall be appointed an elector.

III. The electors fhall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two perfons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the fame state with themselves. And they fhall make a lift of all the perfons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which lift they fhall fign and certify, and transmit sealed to the feat of the Government of the United States, directed to the Prefident of the Senate. The Prefident of the Senate fhall, in the prefence of the Senate and Houfe of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes fhall then be counted. The perfon having the greatest number of votes fhall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have fuch majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives fhall immediately choose by ballot one of them for Prefident: and if no perfon have a majority, then from the five highest on the lift, the faid Houfe fhall in like manner choose the Prefident: but in choofing the Prefident, the votes fhall be taken by States, the reprefentation from each State having one vote: a quorum for this purpose fhall confift of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and the majority of all the States fhall be neceffary to a choice. In every cafe, after the choice of the Prefident, the perfon having the greatest number of votes of the electors, hall be the Vice-prefident. But if there fhould remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-prefident.

IV. The Congrefs may determine the time of choofing the electors, and the day on which they fhall give their votes; which day shall be the fame throughout the United States.

V. No perfon, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President. Neither fhall any perfon