and was interred in St. Peter's church, in the tower of London, where a handsome marble monument, with a long inscription, has been raised to his memory, by his son-in-law, William Hauway, Esq.

CHISENHALE, or CHISNAL-HALL, about two miles northwest from Standish, was the ancient residence of a family of that name, who had long been its proprietors. At this place was born EDWARD CHISENHALE, Esq. who bore a colonel's commission in the royal army during the civil wars in Charles the First's reign. He was one of the six captains selected by Charlotte, countess of Derby, for the defence of Lathom house, at the memorable siege of that place, in 1644, where, with singular address, and a skilful manœuvre, he drew off the besiegers into a private place, and cut off 500 of them, under the specious pretence that the house was opened. For this exploit he was fined 8001. for delinquency. Granger mentions another anecdote of him, that "he sallied forth just after the enemy had been boasting of their provisions, and stole their dinner." As a literary character, no less than a military one, "he well deserves to be remembered," being the author of a Catholic History, collected out of Scriptures, Councils, Fathers, &c. occasioned by Dr. Thomas Vane's book, called The Lost Sheep Returned, 1653, small 8vo. the frontispiece of which presents a portrait of him, with various significant and emblematic figures. At this time Dr. Vane was a convert to popery. The old manor house is entirely destroyed, and the estate, on which is a farm-house, belongs to James Hammerton, Esq. of Hallyfield-Peel, in Yorkshire.

* See Birch's History of the Royal Society, Vol. IV. p. 106, &c. Aubrey's MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.

† See Peck's Desid. Cur. XI. p. 42, &c. and Lloyd's Memorials, p. 690.

↑ Biographical Hist. of Engl. Vol. III, 8vo. 1804, p. 106.

LEYLAND, or Layland, once of sufficient consequence to give name to the Hundred, is a township which comprehends a population of 2,088 persons. The Church consists of one room, measuring sixty five feet by thirty-three, and in it are several monuments to the Farington family.

SHAW-HALL, belonging to Farington, Esq. is a large irregular mansion, containing some fine apartments; also a museum of natural history, and some curious Fresco paintings brought from the dilapidated walls of Herculaneum. The house and grounds command some pleasing and extensive views. Its proprietor is lord of the manor of this place, and also of the fee or honor of Penwortham, with some other contiguous manors.

Subordinate to, and dependant on Leyland, are the Chapelries of Euxton and Heapy.

THE eastern part of this hundred being bounded by a flat shore, is subject to occasional inundations of the tides; and much injury and damage were sustained in December, 1720, by a violent Storm, which occasioned the sea to overflow a large tract of country. The sea-banks, ramparts, and other fences, were then thrown down and washed away; and an area of about 6600 acres of land was inundated by the devastating waves. Several houses, cattle, and a quantity of grain, were washed away; and the ravages extended into the several parishes and townships of Hesketh cum Beconsall, Tarlton, North Meals, Ince Blundell, Lythem, Warton, Westley cum Plumpton, and even as far as Cockerham. The damages produced by this accident were estimated at 10,2271. and, in 1722, several briefs were read, in order to obtain some remuneration for the great losses of the suffering inhabitants.

WEST DERBY HUNDRED is a large maritime district, consisting chiefly of a flat tract of land, included between the river Mersey, skirting its southern and western sides; and the hundreds of Ley

land and Salford, which form its northern and eastern boundaries. Near the middle of this district, and at its eastern border, are some large tracts of mosses; and in the vicinity of Up-Holland and Wigan are some pits of the cannel coal. A small elevated ridge crosses this hundred from south to north; and besides several rivulets that fall into the Mersey, this district is abundantly supplied with turnpikeroads, and canals. West Derby, that gives name to the hundred, is now an inconsiderable hamlet, contiguous to Knowlsley Park, the proprietor of which takes the title of Earl from this obscure place. The principal town in this hundred is the populous and prosperous sea-port of

LIVERPOOL.

"Where Mersey's stream, long winding o'er the plain,
Pours his full tribute to the circling main,
A band of fishers chose their humble seat;
Contented labour bless'd the fair retreat;
Inur'd to hardship, patient, bold, and rude,
They brav'd the billows for precarious food :

Their straggling huts were rang'd along the shore,
Their nets and little boats their only store."

DR. AIKIN.

AMONG the number of commercial towns in Great Britain, it may safely be said, that not one has so rapidly advanced to great extent, and great opulence, as that of Liverpool. From a small inconsiderable hamlet, merely a member of the parish of Walton, this thriving sea-port, by the spirited industry, enterprising pursuits, and speculating habits of its chief inhabitants, has, within the last century, been singularly advanced in the scale of national importance; and whilst many cities and boroughs have gradually sunk into that insignificance and degradation, which almost inevitably close the career of corruption and vassalage, Liverpool has extended her streets, augmented her commerce, and improved in the riches, arts, and luxuries, of civilized life. Though it would be no very difficult task to ascertain the cause, and develope the effects of this progressive amelioration, yet the enquiry would extend to a length

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