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LESSON XII

Study the selection David and Goliath, page 29.

In Paragraph 1 is the Author's purpose to give facts or to convince.

In Paragraph 2 is his purpose to present facts or to compare facts, or to express some emotion?

Does any speech of David show feeling? If so, what feeling?

Does any speech of Saul show feeling? If so, what feeling?

Does any speech of Goliath show feeling? If so, what feeling?

In Saul's first speech (In Paragraph 3) is there more of information, reasoning, or feeling?

In David's reply is there more of information, reasoning, feeling, or determination?

Select two sentences that may be classed as Presentation.

Select two sentences that may be classed as Discrimination.

Select two sentences that may be classed as Emotion. Select two sentences that may be classed as Volition. Paraphrase each of these eight sentences in such a way as to show unmistakably that they do belong to the class in which you have put them.

Study again Patrick Henry's speech on page 18.
What Emotions, or feelings, does the speaker show?
Does he manifest any Volition?

Does he show any Discrimination?

Is there any Presentation of facts?

Mark all of these with pencil in the margin, and thus be ready to answer without delay.

EXERCISES

Go through all the exercises, doing each once without

the repetitions indicated.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Make a list of the facts given in the first Paragraph of "Goliath" page 29.

2. Is any Paragraph in "Goliath" made up entirely of one type, or mood?

3. Which of the four moods is most common in this

selection?

4. Which of the four moods is most common in ordinary conversation?

LESSON XIII

Study the address of Spartacus until you understand it thoroughly, and write out answers to the questions that follow.

SPARTACUS TO THE GLADIATORS AT CAPUA

1. It had been a day of triumph in Capua. Lentulus, returning with victorious eagles, had amused the populace with the sports of the amphitheatre to an extent hitherto unknown even in that luxurious city. The shouts of revelry had died away; the roar of the lion had ceased; the last loiterer had retired from the banquet, and the lights in the palace of the victor were extinguished. The moon, piercing the tissue of fleecy clouds, silvered the dewdrops on the corselet of the Roman sentinel, and tipped the dark waters of the Vulturnus with a wavy, tremulous light. No sound was heard, save the last sob of some retiring wave, telling its story to the smooth pebbles of the beach; and then all was still as the breast when the spirit has departed. In the deep recesses of the amphitheatre a band of gladiators were assembled, their muscles still knotted with the agony of conflict, the foam upon their lips, the scowl of battle yet lingering on their brows, when Spartacus, starting forth from amid the throng, thus addressed them:

2. Ye call me chief; and ye do well to call him chief who, for twelve long years, has met upon the arena every shape of man or beast the broad empire of Rome could furnish, and who never yet lowered his arm. If there be one among you who can say that ever, in public fight or private brawl, my actions did belie my tongue, let him stand forth and say it. If there be three in all your company dare face me on the bloody sands, let them come on. And yet I was not always thus, a hired butcher, a savage chief of still more savage men.

3. Mv ancestors came from old Sparta, and settled among the vine-clad rocks and citron-groves of Syrasella. My early life ran quiet as the brooks by which I sported; and when at noon I gathered the sheep beneath the shade, and played upon the shepherd's flute, there was a friend, the son of a neighbor, to join me in the nastime. We led our flocks to the same pasture, and partook together of our rustic meal. One evening, after the sheep were folded, and we were all seated beneath the myrtle which shaded our cottage, my grandsire, an old man, was telling of Marathon and Leuctra, and how, in ancient times, a little band of

Spartans, in a defile of the mountains, had withstood a whole army. I did not then know what war was; but my cheeks burned, I knew not why, and I clasped the knees of that venerable man, until my mother, parting the hair from off my forehead, kissed my throbbing temples and bade me go to rest, and think no more of those old tales and savage wars. That very night the Romans landed on our coast. I saw the breast that had nourished me trampled by the hoof of the war-horse, the bleeding body of my. father flung amidst the blazing rafters of our dwelling!

4. Today I killed a man in the arena, and when I broke his helmet-clasps, behold! he was my friend. He knew me, smiled faintly, gasped, and died; the same sweet smile upon his lips that I had marked, when, in adventurous boyhood, we scaled the lofty cliff to pluck the first ripe grapes, and bear them home in childish triumph. I told the praetor that the dead man had been my friend, generous and brave, and I begged that I might bear away the body, to burn it on a funeral pile, and mourn over its ashes. Ay, upon my knees, amid the dust and blood of the arena, I begged that poor boon, while all the assembled maids and matrons, and the holy virgins they call Vestals, and the rabble, shouted in derision, deeming it rare sport, forsooth, to see Rome's fiercest gladiator turn pale and tremble at sight of that piece of bleeding clay. And the praetor drew back, as I were pollution, and sternly said, "Let the carrion rot; there are no noble men but Romans."

5. And so, fellow-gladiators, must you, and so must I, die like dogs. O Rome, Rome, thou hast been a tender nurse to me. Ay, thou hast given to that poor, gentle, timid shepherd lad, who never knew a harsher tone than a flute-note, muscles of iron and a heart of flint; taught him to drive the sword through plaited mail and links of rugged brass, and warm it in the marrow of his foe;to gaze into the glaring eyeballs of the fierce Numidian lion, even as a boy upon a laughing girl. And he shall pay thee back, until the yellow Tiber is red as frothing wine, and in its deepest ooze thy life-blood lies curdled.

6. Ye stand here now like giants, as ye are. The strength of brass is in your toughened sinews; but tomorrow some Roman Adonis, breathing sweet perfume from his curly locks, shall with his lily fingers pat your red brawn, and bet his sesterces upon your blood. Hark! hear ye von lion roaring in his den? "Tis three days since he tasted flesh, but tomorrow he shall break his fast upon yours, and a dainty meal for him ye will be! If ye are beasts, then stand here like fat oxen, waiting for the butcher's knife! If ye are men,-follow me! Strike down yon guard, gain the mountain passes, and there do bloody work, as did your sires at Old Thermopylae. Is Sparta dead? Is the old Grecian spirit frozen in your veins, that

you do crouch and cower like a belabored hound beneath his master's lash? O comrades, warriors, Thracians,-if we must fight, let us fight for ourselves! If we must slaughter, let us slaughter our oppressors! If we must die, let it be under the clear sky, by the bright waters, in noble, honorable battle!-Elijah Kellogg.

To whom is he speaking?

What was their condition?
Why does he speak?

What is his main purpose-that is, what does he expect to accomplish by this speech?

Does Section 2 help towards this main purpose?

In what way does it help towards it-that is, what is the immediate purpose of Section 2?

What is the immediate purpose of Section 3?
How does Section 4 contribute towards his object?
What is the immediate purpose of Section 6 and how
does that help on his main purpose?

What parts of this selection are mainly Presentation? (Mark P in margin.)

What parts are mainly Emotion? (Mark E in margin.) What parts are mainly comparison of facts, discussion,

reasoning, Discrimination? (Mark D in margin.) What parts are mainly determination, the exercise of will, Volition? (Mark V in margin.)

EXERCISES

1. Practice on the exercises in which you are not proficient.

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