And, dying, mention it within their wills,
Bequeathing it as a rich legacy

Unto their issue.

85

91

Fourth Cit. We'll hear the will: read it, Mark Antony. All. The will, the will! we will hear Caesar's will. Ant. Have patience, gentle friends, I must not read it; It is not meet you know how Caesar lov'd you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men; And, being men, hearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad: "T is good you know not that you are his heirs: For, if you should, O, what would come of it!

Fourth Cit. Read the will; we'll hear it, Antony;

You shall read us the will, Caesar's will.

I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it:

I fear I wrong the honorable men

95

Ant. Will you be patient? will you stay awile?

100

Whose daggers have stabb'd Caesar; I do fear it.
Fourth Cit. They were traitors: Honorable men!
All. The will! the testament!

Sec. Cit. They were villains, murderers: the will! read the will.

106

Ant. You will compel me, then, to read the will?
Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar,
And let me show you him that made the will.
Shall I descend? and will you give me leave?
Several Cit. Come down.

110

A ring; stand round.

Stand from the hearse, stand from the

body.

Sec Cit. Room for Antony, most noble Antony.
Ant. Nay, press not so upon me; stand far off.
Several Cit. Stand back; room; bear back.
Ant. If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.

115

You all do know this mantle: I remember

The first time ever Caesar put it on;

120

"T was on a summer's evening, in his tent,

That day he overcame the Nervii:

Look, in that place ran Cassius' dagger through:

See what a rent the envious Casca made:

Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb'd;

125

And as he pluck'd his cursed steel away,

Mark how the blood of Caesar follow'd it,

As rushing out of doors, to be resolv'd

If Brutus so unkindly knock'd, or no;

For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel:

130

Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar lov'd him:
This was the most unkindest cut of all;
For when the noble Caesar saw him stab,

Ingratitude, more strong than traitor's arms,

Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty heart;
And, in his mantle muffling up his face,
Even at the base of Pompey's statua,

135

Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell.

O, what a fall was there, my countrymen!
Then I, and you, and all of us fell down,
Whilst bloody treason flourish'd over us.
O, now you weep, and, I perceive, you feel
The dint of pity; these are gracious drops.

140

Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold
Our Caesar's vesture wounded? Look you here,
Here is himself, marr'd, as you see, with traitors.
First Cit. O piteous spectacle!
Sec. Cit. O noble Caesar!
Third Cit. O woful day!

145

Fourth Cit. O traitors, villains!
First Cit. O most bloody sight!
Sec. Cit. We will be reveng'd.
All. Revenge! About! Seek!
Slay! Let not a traitor live!
Ant.

Stay countrymen.

155

First Cit. Peace there! hear the noble Antony. Sec. Cit. We'll hear him, we'll follow him, we'll die with him.

Ant. Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up

To such a sudden flood of mutiny.

They that have done this deed are honorable:
What private griefs they have, alas, I know not,

160

That made them do it: they are wise and honorable,

And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you.

I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts:

I am no orator, as Brutus is;

165

But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man,
That love my friend; and that they know full well
That gave me public leave to speak of him:
For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth,
Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech,
To stir men's blood: I only speak right on;

170

I tell you that which you yourselves do know;
Show you sweet Caesar's wounds, poor poor

mouths,

And bid them speak for me: but were I Brutus,
And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony
Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue
In every wound of Caesar that should move
The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.

dumb

175

All. We'll mutiny.

First Cit. We'll burn the house of Brutus.
Third Cit. Away, then! come, seek the conspirators.
Ant Yet hear me, countrymen; yet hear me speak.

180

All. Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony! Ant. Why, friends, you go to do you know not what: Wherein hath Caesar thus deserv'd your loves? Alas, you know not: I must tell you, then:

You have forgot the will I told you of.

185

All. Most true. The will! Let's stay and hear the will.

Ant. Here is the will, and under Caesar's seal. To every Roman citizen he gives,

190

To every several man, seventy-five drachmas.

Sec. Cit. Most noble Caesar! We'll revenge his death. Third Cit. O royal Caesar!

Ant. Hear me with patience.

All. Peace, ho!

195

Ant. Moreover, he hath left you all his walks,

His private arbours and new-planted orchards,

On this side Tiber; he hath left them you,
And to your heirs forever, common pleasures,
To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves.
Here was a Caesar! when comes such another?
First Cit. Never, never. Come, away, away!

200

We'll burn his body in the holy place,
And with the brands fire the traitors' houses.
Take up the body.

205

Sec. Cit. Go fetch fire.

Third Cit. Pluck down benches.

Fourth Cit. Pluck down forms, windows, any thing.

Ant. Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot,

Take thou what course thou wilt!

Write out brief answers to these questions?

1. Whose funeral was this?

2. Who had killed him?

3. Were the mob pleased or angry with Brutus?

4. Did they want to listen to Antony?

5. What would have happened if Antony had said anything against Brutus? Did Antony know this? 6. What is Antony's main purpose in his speech? 7. Does he tell them that at the beginning?

8. What then is his immediate purpose?

9. Antony first presents certain facts to them; Caesar was his friend, and according to custom he is going to say some loving things at the funeral. He is not going to blame Brutus, of course not; but he does not want to bury his friend without a word of respect and appreciation. Mark with "p" in the margin that part of his speech that you think is mostly presentation.

10. Soon Antony begins to reason about the facts he has given. Very shrewdly he starts questions in their minds about Caesar's "ambition;" compares the greatness of the penalty with his wrongdoing: discusses, at first very cautiously, the "honorableness" of murder. He introduces and suggests these ideas so skillfully that you will perhaps not notice at once that this is Discrimination. Mark with “D” in the margin the section of his speech that belongs to this type of thought.

11. After he sees that the crowd are comparing, weighing and balancing the matter, he wants to get their feeling on Caesar's side, so he mentions things that will appeal to their admiration and love of Caesar, he stirs their patriotic pride in Caesar's victories, and arouses their personal gratitude by reading Caesar's generous gifts to them in his will. Mark with "E" in the margin that part of the speech that expresses emotion. 12. But facts, arguments, even strong feeling is not enough; something must be done. He wants to stir the mob to act, so he suggests what he wants them to do (by telling them not to do that) and arouses their determination to do it. Mark with "V" in the margin the part of the speech that most expresses volition.

13. Are Antony's different moods of utterance distinct or do they overlap?

EXERCISES

Describe exercises 5-8 as carefully and vividly as if

teaching a class of your own, and then lead the class in practicing them correctly.

LESSON XVI

Write briefly in order, the different facts that are presented to the mob in lines 1-36. Some of these facts that Antony would have thought it necessary to mention, Brutus has just stated, so Antony did not need to repeat them.

2. What distinctions or comparisons, or contrasts, or inferences are made in lines 26-63

3. Where does Antony show emotion, and what emotions?

Make a list of the things he says to stir the feelings of the mob in favor of Caesar.

Make a list of the things he says to stir them against the conspirators.

4. What statements does Antony make to awake the will, the determination of the mob?

5. Is it natural to have some feeling mixed with Discrimination, and with Volition?

Is there any Presentation in that part of the speech you have marked Emotion?

Note: It is convenient to mark the dominant mood of a passage with a large letter in the margin and the sentences in it that show some other mood with a smaller letter.

Make a tabular chart, as indicated on the following page. For the present, fill in the second and the last column from your own observation of how folk do naturally express the different moods of utterance. Your results can be corrected from later lessons. The other columns can be filled from information already given.