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religion into politics remains to be dis-
closed by time. This only we will say,
that whoever accedes to a Treaty so
founded, should desire it, should be
stimulated by his own good-will, and
should act from his personal conviction,
and feeling. But, it does not follow, that
those who do not ratify this instrument,
oppose it. They may act on its prin-
ciples, though, they decline this form, in
which those principles are embodied in
language.

IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLY AND

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INDIVISIBLE TRINITY.

Their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of Russia, having, in consequence of the great events which have marked the course of the last three years in Europe, and especially of the blessings which it has pleased Divine Providence to shower down upon those States which place their confidence and their hope on it alone-acquired the intimate conviction of the necessity of founding the conduct to be observed by the Powers, in their reciprocal relations, upon the sublime truths which the holy religion of our Saviour teaches.

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They solemnly declare, That the present act has no other object than to publish, in the face of the whole world, their fixed resolution, both in the administration of their respective States, and in their political relations with every other govern

But, if those who have conceived and have instituted this solemn pact, should yield to the temptation of violating it; if their momentary interest should beguile them to abrogate its stipulations, and to contravene its professions, then will guilt of no ordinary stain attach to their proceedings, to their characters, and to their consciences. They will then deserve the execration of all men, and every upright mind will intensely abhor that hypocrisy which could wear THIS mask for a base pur-ment, to take for their sole guide the prepose. We will not foresee such painful possibility we will not debase human nature below that level which is common to man; by supposing in these noble and honourable avowals, any import couched in ambiguous terms, or any expressions susceptible of other meaning than that which is the fair and literal tenor of the language.

cepts of that holy religion, namely, the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace, which, far from being applicable only to private concerns, must have an immediate influence on the councils of Princes, and guide all their steps, as being the only means of consolidating human institutions, and remedying their imperfec tions.

In consequence, their Majesties have agreed on the following articles :

It cannot be forgot that this appeal to Heaven is more than usually earnest, explicit, and direct; that the solemnity of an oath is not, cannot be, more solemn; and 'Article I. Conformably to the words that to annul a stipulation to which the ALMIGHTY himself is invoked as a party, of the holy Scriptures, which command all is a crime of no common magnitude, men to consider each other as brethren, and must expect no common punish-the three Contracting Monarchs will rement. This MUST be felt by the contracting parties; and to that feeling we entrust the permanent obligation, with the punctual execution, of the CHRISTIAN TREATY.

main united by the bonds of a true and indissoluble fraternity; and considering each other as fellow-countrymen, they will, on all occasions and in all places, lend each other aid and assistance, and regarding St. Petersburgh, Jan. 10, 1816. themselves towards their subjects and Yesterday there was published here, at armies, as fathers of families, they will lead same time with an Imperial Mani them in the same spirit of fraternity with festo, the following most remarkable Con-which they are animated to protect religion, vention, in the Russian and French languages, concluded at Paris, on the 26th of September last, between our Sovereign, the Emperor of Austria, and the King of Prussia.

the

peace, and justice.

II. In consequence, the sole principle in force, whether between the said Go

[538

THE. ANTIQVITIES. OF. ATHENS, measured and delineated by James Stuart, F. R. S. and Nicholas Revett, Painters and Architects. Volume the Fourth. Imperial Folio. Price £7 75. Taylor, London. 1816.

the most singular and extraordinary. THIS history of this work is among The four volumes of which it is com posed, have been published at intervals so distant, that each has been ushered into the world by a separate Editor. The first appeared in 1762, edited by in 1788, after the death of Mr. S. by Messrs. Stuart and Revett. The second Mr. Newton. The third by Mr. Revely, in 1794, and the present, the fourth, by Mr. Joseph Woods, after an

537] The Antiquities of Athens. vernments, or between their subjects, shall be that of doing each other reciprocal service, and of testifying by unalterable goodwill, the mutual affection with which they ought to be animated, to consider themselves all as members of one and the same Christian nation; the three Allied Princes looking on themselves as merely delegated by Providence to govern three branches of one family, namely, Austria, Prussia, and Russia: thus confessing that the Christian nation, of which they and their people form a part, has in reality no other Sovereign than him to whom alone power really belongs, because in him alone are found all the treasures of love, science, and infinite wisdom-that is to say, Gon, our divine Saviour, the word of the Most High, the word of Life. Their Majesties conse-interval of twenty years from the forequently recommend to their people, with the most tender solicitude, as the sole means of enjoying that peace which arises from a good conscience, and which alone is durable, to strengthen themselves every day more and more in the principles and exercise of the duties which the divine Saviour has taught to mankind.

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III. All the Powers who shall choose solemnly to avow the sacred principles which have dictated the present act, and shall acknowledge how important it is for the happiness of nations, too long agitated, that these truths should henceforth exercise over the destinies of mankind all the influence which belongs to them, will be received with equal ardour and affection into this holy alliance.

Done in triplicate, and signed at Pa-
ris, in the year of Grace, 1815,
14-26 September.

(L.S.) FRANCIS.
(LS.) FREDERICK WILLIAM.
(L.S.) ALEXANDER.
Conformable to the original.
(Signed)
Done at St. Petersburgh, the day of the
birth of our Saviour, the 25th of De-
cember, 1815.'.

ALEXANDER.

going. So that after sixty-five years from the conception of the plan, and the determination to execute it, the concluedited by a stranger, not having the sion meets us, in the volume before us, least connection with the original authors:-such is the fate of literature !but, perhaps, we ought to add-when literary enterprizes are conducted, wholly and entirely, by men of genius and skill, siness. We have seen more expensive, who are not, par métier, men of buand even arduous works, than the present, completed by the author; those by the late Mr. Murphy-the Batalha

and the Moorish Structures, in Spain,
may be quoted as instances.

had other engagements: after his death,
Fortunately for himself Mr. Stuart
family occurrences locked up the plates
to occupy four years only, has eventually
for many years; and thus a work intended
crept on during more than three-score.

We are glad, however, that the con-
cluding volume has met with an editor,
of sufficient skill, and a publisher, of
sufficient spirit, to bring forward this
final portion, in a style worthy of its
predecessors: for, though circumstances
prevented Messrs. Stuart and Revett from
examining many things worthy of no-
obligations to later travellers, yet they
tice in Greece, for which we are under
never can be deprived of the merit of
their original intention, the priority of

their plan, or the benefit they, rathering incident or two, which the artists than others, have conferred on the Arts have connected with them.

and Artists.

The first is, the representation of the Western Side of the Amphitheatre at Pola, in which are introduced "Sclavonians washing the clothes of their families, in the sea," an operation we are told seldom performed oftener than once or We are afraid a cause twice a year.

The former volumes have made the general intention of the work so well known, that we need only say, it comprises views, with details of the parts, of the ancient buildings, examined and delineated by these gentlemen, when in Greece The accuracy of their details very different from that of an immense has never been doubted: but from an in-stock of linen possessed by these people, stance or two here given, we incline to must be assigned, as the reason of this. long interval. think that the ancient workmen occasionally deviated from the strict pattern of their subject; so that extreme accuracy in measuring one part, might be foiled in another part of the same build-own ing.

The Preface includes a Biographical Memoir of the Authors, which is most complete in reference to Mr. Stuart, and which will, probably, afford our readers information on a future occasion. The Antiquities of Pola follow after these the Sculptures of the Parthenon, at Athens, of which Mr. S. formerly gave only so much was necessary

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to

The second plate, an internal view of the Amphitheatre, at Pola, delineates a scene, which we shall give in the writer's words.

The figures on the foreground require some explanation. I had almost finished the painting of this view, and was at a loss for a subject that might with propriety be introduced on this unfrequented scene; when unexpectedly the ceremony here represented was performed directly in my view and hearing. The occasion of it was a melancholy one: a disease had for some time raged among the sheep, great numbers died, and their flesh was deemed so unwholesome, and their numbers so diminishexhibit the different dresses and ornaed, that an edict was published which proments of the figures. These, we shall hibited the eating of mutton. In this calaconsider, for the present, as appertain-mity some Sclavonian shepherds, alarmed ing to the Elgin marbles; which will at the ruin that threatened them, drove the come under our notice speedily. Then poor remains of their flock into the amphi follow certain detached subjects, partly theatre, and immediately after them followrevisions, partly omissions, of the Athe-ed a friar of St. Antonio holding an aspernian edifices, or their parts: and lastly, Antiquities found in various places in Greece, very proper to be included, in such a work. The whole is derived from Mr. Stuart's papers; the greater portion had been intended, or prepared, for the press, by himself.

The merit of this work consists in its plates, and the merit of the plates consists in their fidelity. Le Roi's volume, which was a hasty imitation, deserving no other character than that of a piracy, a thought purloined from our country men's scheme, can boast of little fidelity and so sensible are the present generation of French artists of this, that they have copied the former volumes of Stuart, notwithstanding they had Le Roi already in their hands.Leaving these subjects, as to their principal intent, to amateurs, we shall, nevertheless, take advantage of an amus

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gillum or brush fixed to the end of a wand.
The brush is of hog's hair, and is set on in
the form of a cross: he was attended by a
boy, who carried a pot of holy water. On
his arrival, the shepherds fell devoutly on
their kness, and the friar repeating some
prayers, dipt his brush in holy water, and
sprinkled it plentifully on the sheep, which
being startled at the cold water thrown on
their faces, and at the motion of the asper-
At this the
gillum, ran off frightened.
dogs were alarmed, and were with difficul-
ty withheld from flying at the friar. The
simplicity and devotion of the poor shep-
herds; the scampering of the sheep; the
barking of the dogs, and the solemn de
portment of the friar, rendered this a
very animating and interesting scene.
On the ground lie a musket, hatchets, and
daggers, weapons without which the Scla-

vonians are never seen abroad.

On this ceremony the reader will make his own remarks: it coincides, exactly, with descriptions which have appeared

in our pages. We cannot wonder that the same simplicity should worship for St. John the Baptist, a head of Esculapius, with the symbol of the serpent twisted round his rod, which is placed in the wall of the city, near the port: the people" never pass it without bow-east, and leaving the town, in half a quarter ing and crossing themselves before it.” The additional Sculptures from the Parthenon, are mostly delineations from the subjects brought to England by Lord Elgin; and for this reason, we pass them, at present. But the publisher has obtained tracings from drawings of the figures in the pediments, made by direction of the Marquis de Nointel, Ambassador from Louis XIV. in 1683. The building was ruined by a bomb in 1687. These drawings, however, do not re-dripping water, as far as it was possible to present the figures in any intelligible state of composition: several are want ing, and all are maimed. To say truth, Stuart's design for this ornament, appears to us, to be much superior to that composed by Phidias.

well as modern, claim a greater lenity than they frequently experience, from some who closely scrutinize them?

Says Mr. Hobhouse, (Journey through Albania, &c. p. 246)

We descended gradually towards the of a mile, we found ourselves in a position, where, turning suddenly to our left, we saw an immense cleft rending the mountain from the clouds down to our feet. Down the crags of this chasm, a stream trickled into a stone basin sunk in the earth just above the path, overflowing whose margin, and enlarged in its progress by other rills, it was seen falling over the rocks into the valley beneath. We clambered up into the chasm by means of some grooves cut in the rock, but almost worn away by the

A very learned dissertation might be written on the subject of the Castalian Fountain, of which a plate is given in the concluding chapter; a subject we confess, not without its difficulties. We discover nothing in the descriptions of this bath, by Mr. Hobhouse and Dr. Clarke, that should lead us to expect the representation here given. Dr. C. inserts a view of the place, which, although in a cross direction from that shewn in Stuart's Elevation, seems to be hardly consistent with it; while Stuart has inserted workmanship for which Dr. C.'s print allows no place, yet, which could hardly have escaped the Doctor's observation, if it really exists. Not to incur the interminable displeasure of our brother poets-genus irritabile-for so much as seeming to treat this sacred fount of inspiration with neglect, we shall insert both the descriptions furnished by our later informants :-they will, at the same time, furnish a curious instance of the different language which may be employed, and actually is employed, by different writers to describe the same objects; and of the inconveniences which would inevitably follow the too strict acceptation of a writer's words. May not ancient travellers, as

20; and here, if any where, being literally the immortal rill, and we were sprinkled "dipped in dew of Castaly;" for this was with the spray of the falling stream; here we should have felt the poetic inspiration.

But the evening began to close in upon us, and we descended into the path we had left.

Just above the basin, in a niche of the church of St. John, and which contains rock, is a small hut, which is called the part of the shaft of a large fluted column of marble, with a marble slab.

Perhaps it may increase the interest in perusing this account of the present appearance of Delphi to believe, that the basin below the church of St. John is that in which the Pythia bathed, before she ascended the sacred tripod; that the cleft in

Parnassus is the one which divided the two

summits of the poetic hill; and that the monastery stands on the site of the Delphic

gymnasium.

Dr. Chaudler's conjectures as to the first point, were somewhat confirmed by washing his hands in the cool water of Castalia, when he was seized with a shivering fit. We drank deep of the spring, but I can answer for myself) without feeling sensible of any extraordinary effect.

Dr. Clarke, in his lately published volume, has the following remarks on the same spot.

The remains of THE FOUNTAIN CASTALIUS exhibit a large square shallow bason, with steps to it, cut in a rock of marble; once, no doubt, the Castalian Bath; where. in the Pythia used to wash her whole body, and particularly her hair, before she placed herself upon the Tripod, in the

Temple of Apollo. Upon the opposite side is a stone seat, hewn out of the same rock. This bason is filled with the water of the fountain. Above the bason rises the perpendicular precipice to its clefted summit before mentioned, which is at the height of about an hundred feet. In the face of this precipice are niches scooped in the rock, for the votive offerings; one very large receptacle of this kind being upon the right hand, and three smaller exactly in front of a person facing the precipice. Upon the left hand, a large wild fig-tree, sprouting above the water of the fountain upon that side of the bason, spread its branches over the surface of the rock; which was further ornamented by a most luxuriant garniture of shrubs, ivy, moss, brambles, and pensile plants, some of them in flower, mingling together their varied hues over the red and grey masses of the marble. The larger votive receptacle upon the right is still an object of reverence among the inhabitants; a Christian Tabernacle having succeeded to the Hieron of its Pagan idol. It is now a chapel dedi cated to St. John; an antient basso-relieno, perhaps a part of the original vow for which it was excavated, being substituted in the place of an altar. The other three niches are empty. There is an opening in the rock towards the left of the fountain, where, in certain seasons, the melting snows and torrents from Parnassus pour down, through a chasm, in a vehement cataract and above, within the cleft, a cavern is visible, which Wheler most unreasonably judged to be the Antrum Corycium, or Grotto of the Nymphs: to this it could have no resemblance, owing to its diminutive size and situation.

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The cavern alluded to by Wheler, in the cleft above the Castalian fountain, was formerly accessible, by means of stairs also cut in the marble rock but a part only of the steps remain; and it would be diffi cult now to approach it. The water of the Castalian fountain is cool and pleasant to the taste. Wheler quaintly describes it,

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NASIUM, where the Monastery of Panaja now stands, from the village of Castri, as it probably did from the old city of Delphi; for going from the fountain to that Monastery, we noticed the situation of the ANTIENT GATE leading to Baotia,

Such is the present state of the Fourtain of Castalia, which is all that can now be distinguished of the once universally famous oracular establishment at Delphi.

Among the most curious Articles in this Chapter is the discovery of a Triglyph, ornamented with bull's heads. It connects with the ox's skull, common in Doric Architecture, but never properly explained. We cannot, however, approve of placing two rows of these objects, one over the other. The Editor's allusions to the pillar supporting a camel, at Persepolis, and to the frieze of the Temple at Baalbec, do not justify this conception. An instance much more closely allied may be seen in Denon (Plate XLIV. Peltier's Edition)' of which he found a series, in the tombs of the Kings, near Thebes, in Egypt. This is a bull's head on a column, answering the purpose of a capital. Other instances occur, in the temple of Tentyra (Plate XIV.) where a head of Isis occupies the same situation; and another is sculptured on the frieze over the entrance. Now Isis was marked by the symbol of young horns shooting from her head; alluding to the lunar crescent; and in gems, she offers a mixture of the Bovine and human forms. But, these are far from justifying the positions of this ornament, here introduced. It was, most probably, derived from Egypt, and should be referred to Egyptian notions and rites.

We do not enter into the question whether our leading principles of Architecture should be drawn from Rome or from Greece: we are thankful for every communication by which our National taste may be improved, and our Artists instructed.

fit to quench the thirst of those hotheaded poets, who, in their bacchanals, spare neither God nor man; and to whom nothing is so sacred, but they will venture to profane it." After passing from the bath, or bason, below the votive recepta cles, it falls down southward, in a deep and narrow channel, towards the Pleistus, cence of Rome was such as became a separating mount Cirphis from Parnassus ; and having joined that river, it runs by great empire the magnificence of the ruins of Crissa, into the Crissaan Bay. Greece was such as became states less In the first part of its course from the foun extensive and less opulent. In fact, we tain, it separates the remains of the Gy-wonder at nothing in the extravagance

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The magnifi

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