the value of 1 million of rubles, besides a very large quantity of specie. During the same period there sailed 246 ships, laden with Russian produce to the amount of 15,220,000 rubles, including above 450,000 tschetverts of wheat. Odessa at present contains 35,500 inhabitants, and seven churches.

SANDWICH ISLANDS: SOUTH SEA.

We have repeatedly called the attention of our readers to the new Emperor rising up over the Sandwich islands: a maritime power! to send, perhaps, its flag, before loug, to the port of London. As he can navigate to China, he may, ere long, navigate the globe.

His progress in power is wonderful: his progress in civilization follows with great rapidity. There wants nothing to confirm it but the introduction

tuguese government being anxious to prevent the plague from entering Portugal, encouraged Dr. Gomez to make some experiments, chiefly with the view of ascertaining whether the common methods of fumigating letters, or immersing them in vinegar, if received from countries where the plague was supposed to exist, were suf ficient to destroy any contagious matter which might adhere to them. Dr. G. proceeded to examine the effects of fumigating a scaled letter with chlorine, having first made two or three ongitudinal cuts in it; and the result proved that such tumigation must be perfectly sufficient, as every part of the letter retained the odour of the gas, which was even stronger a day or two after thau at the time. He next made some experiments with vinegar, which, as well as the chlorine, changed the colour of the ink. He related the result of more than twenty-of Christianity; and that, as appears from two experiments made with sulphuric, muthe following article, is on the point of beThat article is from an riatic, and itric acids, with burning suling realized. phur and nitre together. &c. In order to asAmerican paper; and should these youths certain the effects of these different acids, he accomplish the purpose in their native caused letters to be impregnated with the islands, it will, no doubt, greatly promote odour of putrid flesh, which he found that the American interest among their populathey expelled completely; but the chio- tion. rine he considered as the best and most efficacions of these applications, even should the letters not be cut or perforated. The fumigating process of Guyton de Morveau be found the most convenient. But in cases of letters coming from parts where the plague actually exists, he considers it proper, to make either cuts or punctures in the letters.

Extract of a letter from China.

Another new trading power, which for some years has been in communication with China, must not be overlooked: it is Australasia. The King of Owyhee (where Cook lost his life), a very enterprising man, has brought all the Sandwich islands under his dominiou, the English have there intro duced manners and language, and a considerable number of English and American sailors have entered his service with peculiar advantages He purchased some ships from the Americans, and after their model has built others at Owyhee: he is now actually employed in forming a small navy. With his merchant ships he drives a profitable trade to China, by bringing peltry from Codiak to Juakao, and receiving Chinese produce in return. By means of this intercourse, for which his insular empire is so favourably situated, as well as by the frequent visits of English and American ships, a wonderful change has taken place in the Sandwich isles.

Indian Missionaries.

Four young natives of Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and the same where Captain Cook was killed, are now at Morris Academy, in Lichfield, Connecticut, receiving an education to fit them for religious missionaries to their native country. Two of them, at the age of 16 and 14 years, came to this country ten years ago; a third

arrived six years since, and another has I whose name will be ever held in esteem by since joined them. One of them has had all true Spaniards. the benefit of instruction at the Theological Institution in Andover; and he is now employed in translating a part of the New Testament into the Owhyhee language, and by his aid also an Owhyhee grammar has been formed.

Spanish industry promoted. Barcelona, July 14.-A deputation has gone from this city, to pray his Majesty to prevent the introduction of English merchandise, which destroys Spanish industry, and produces nothing to the revenue, because the custom-house officers are easily corrupted by the English traders.

With the same view of favouring Spanish industry, an order has been issued to prevent the entrance of foreign artisans in matters of luxury and fashion. In conse quence of this, several Frenchmen, who lately presented themselves at the pass of Junquera, were refused admission on this very ground.

Restoration made to the Jesuits.

Madrid, July 6-The King has issued an order, in which he declares, that wishing the re-establishment of the company of Jesus (alias Jesuits) to be effect ed as speedily as possible, for the spiritual and temporal benefit of my kingdoms, it is my sovereign will that the houses, col leges, churches, hospitals, funds, and rents of which it was deprived by the decree of its suppression, and which still exist, be all restored to it, &c."

Madrid, July 20.-Our King has lately issued a long decree, in which, after lamenting the corruption of morals and doc-single village of Landeron calculates its trines produced by the late war in Spain. losses at more than 24,000 francs (10001.)

at Pera (Constantinople) received some magnificent presents, consisting of India The Princess of Wales, during her stay shawls and stuffs, perfumes, and a magnificent diamond pin. She proceeded from pital of the Ottoman empire in Asia. Constantinople to Brussa, the ancient caFrom thence she repairs to Jerusalem and Egypt.

Presents to an English Princess.

of age, of the Greek nation, died an heroic On the 11th of May, a youth, 18 years death at Constantinople. This youth, who Constantinople, had, at an unfortunate lived at Curutshesene, on the channel of moment, gone over to the Mahometan

The following address not only contains such just views of a proper system of taxa-ed from without the greatest inconvenien

The following address from the Provincial States of Liege to the Second Cham-lonial produce, will be nearly exempt from

to their value? Why not rather turn over | mented (and such would be the effect of to colonial produce, which we have been the proposed impost) all balance would be accustomed to purchase at so high a price, broken, and a superiority would be given a portion of those exorbitant duties, with to foreigners. The kingdom, surrounded which beer, salt, and other articles of the by industrious provinces, would see its mafirst necessity, are loaded in the plan of the uufacturing capitals pass into their hands, ministers? Why should tobacco, au arti- and a ruinous importation would be subcle of which the use is purely the creature stituted for what is at present a matter of of habit and of no necessity, obtain an ex- lucrative export. This oversight of the emption which nothing can justify? highest interests is inconceivable in an age "The reporter of the plan of taxation when the competition of industry is bewas unable to dissemble, that it would become one of the essential branches of poproper to favour the use of beer, a whole-licy, and when the genius of man has been some beverage, and little calculated to en- applied so successfully to repair the defigender excess of drunkenness: how hap- ciencies of nature or the disadvantages of pens it, then, that by the side of this judi- position. England makes perpetual efforts cious observation, a regulation is placed to supply, by the improvement of the mewhich raises the tax on beer to more than chanic arts, what its soil and its population 50 per cent. of its medium value in our refuse to it; coal, by means of its steam provinces? Is this what is called a favour? engines, has become the almost universal This duty is exorbitant, as well as those on mover of its manufactures. And shall the other articles: it is so to such a degree, that the result will deceive the hopes of those who propose it: it will absolutely put an end to the manufacture of beer in country parts, where the existing duty, though much smaller, has already greatly

diminished it.

"Wine is taxed at 40 per cent. of its medium value; the geneva of the country at cent. per cent. of its ordinary price. The proposal of such severe taxes can only be accounted for from a total oversight of a great number of articles of consumption less necessary to life; the only object seems to be to concentrate taxation, instead of extending it, and rendering it common to all. But at least, foreign spirits ought not to have been spared, nor to have received any advantage in the competition that was inevitable; they are, however, less taxed by a quarter in the plan; and the geneva manufactured in countries bordering ou the kingdom, being admissible as foreign spirits, the home distillers, so useful to our agriculture, are threatened with sudden and disastrous decline.

Netherlands voluntarily deprive itself of the resources presented to its industry by the easy extraction and the low price of coal? An idea so fatal can only proceed from a mistaken appreciation of the importance of manufactures in the southern provinces. If Holland, Zealand, Friesland, derive their opulence from commerce and others of Belgium owe their prosperity to navigation, the province of Liege and some their manufacturing industry.

"These two interests are entitled to equal protection, because they are equally valuable to the state: with this difference, however, that maritime commerce must be always precarious so long as there exists a nation the sovereign of the seas; while our manufactures, founded on the resources of our territory, and the industry of its inhabitants, present a much more solid basis.

"These painful truths are extorted from us by a sense of duty, by a knowledge of the wants of the people, by a wish to prevent the calamities which a bad system must engender, and especially by the necessity of establishing the kingdom on the basis of a frank and disinterested union. This union can only be established and maintained by an equal repartition of public burdens: jealousy disturbs families, desolates cities, and saps the foundation on which the safety of the State reposes. The union of all the subjects is the true guarantee of the prosperity of nations."

"It is proposed, contrary to the example of all foreign states, and particularly that of England, to impose a duty on coals, which would cause a rapid decline of our manufactures. Reclamations have been made against it on all sides: but the province of Liege must especially dread the calamities which would be the result of this impost. The manufactures of cloths, of uails, of arms, and of iron in general, those of alum, copper, and zinc, constitute It may be presumed, that this address not only the wealth, but the very existence could not fail of meeting with an attention of our province; and all these forges, all from the Superiors of the State, which is these manufactures, depend on the use of always due to remonstrances fairly reasoncoal. The price of that fuel being aug-ed, and respectfully expressed.

nerally known that an Association has been set on foot in the Metropolis for the purpose of aiding the endeavours of the Country, many benevolent individuals will doubtless come forward in other districts, in which, without some more effectual means of relief than they possessed within themselves, the attempt to relieve the existing distress may have been deemed unavailing. With these benevolent men the London Committee, so far as its funds may enable them, will be happy to co-operate, acting

general on the principle of proportionug their assistance to the exertions made in the neighbourhood for its own benefit. The Committee will be especially dis

AID OF THE LABOURING POOR. The following paper intended to promote purposes of the greatest Benevolence, cannot but prove interesting. The Committee has already directed distributions in some places. THE COMMITTEE OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE RELIEF AND BENEFIT OF THE MANUFACTURING AND LABOURING POOR cannot but entertain a confident persuasion, that this renewed appeal to the approved liberality of the Public will find its complete justification in the existing distresses of the Country. It can scarcely however be necessary for them to declare, that they never entertained the presumptuous hope, that to evils so great and various, any ex-posed to communicate with the Magisertions they could make would afford au adequate remedy. But, besides, that inability to relieve the whole of any given measure of distress can never be admitted to be a sufficient justification for not affording relief to the utmost amount in which it can possibly be administered; the greatness of any distress, to the honour of British feeling, has commonly had the effect of stimulating the efforts of benevolence, instead of producing despair and consequent inaction, The Committee are happy to have it also in their power to state, that, in administering the contributious formerly committed to their management, it was abundantly proved, that funds manifestly disproportionate to the extent of the distress, might be productive of a far greater measure of benefit, than the most sanguine expectations had originally ventured to anticipate.

trates, Clergy, and Vestries of the Country, and while the Institution formed in the Metropolis will become the general depository for the subscriptions of all those, however widely dispersed in point of residence, who may wish to contribute towards the relief of their suffering countrymen, the local Associations will be most competent, both to ascertain, and relieve, the local difficulties and distresses of their several districts; not merely from being more intimately acquainted with their different circumstances, but also because, from knowing the characters and conduct of families and individuals, they will be able to direct their chief attention to the more industrious and deserving members of the community.

With respect to the best modes of administering relief to the existing distress, the Committee think it unnecessary to enter into particulars. The varying wants and circumstances of different districts will best prescribe the course to be pursued.

Still more-Experience soon convinced them that it was not only on pecuniary contributions that they were to rest their hopes of benefiting their fellow-subjects; on the contrary, they found, and they owe It is undeniable that the want of emit alike to the Public and to themselves to ployment is one of the most pressing evils make the declaration, that they should of the present period. The Committee have often serve their Country most effectually, therefore heard with no small pleasure, by cheering the despondency and aiding that many Masters, who had numerous the efforts of benevolent individuals in the bodies of Workmen in their service, have distressed districts, who had till then re-judiciously, as well as most humanely, conmained inactive, from diffidence of their tinued to employ them all at moderate own powers; but who, when thus encou work, rather thau a reduced number of raged, set themselves in earnest to the im- hands in full occupation. portant work of investigating the circumstances of their several districts, and of ascertaining and carrying into execution the most adviseable methods of relieving the existing distress.

Under these impressions the Committee now confidently and earnestly appeal to the public liberality.--In many of our great towns and populous districts Committees for the Relief of the Poor have been already formed, and when once it shall become ge

Again-It can scarcely be necessary for the Committee earnestly to recommend a general attention to all practicable means of providing new labour, of a beneficial kind, for those, whose labour is become redundant in its ordinary employment. In many districts it is probable, that an accurate inquiry might suggest various agricultural, and other improvements, and works of general utility; to which, in the actual circumstances of the country, such