colonies, until long after the restoration of king Charles. The charter of Massachusetts was vacated by legal process in England, in the year 1685; and the colony subjected to the arbitrary government of sir Edmund Andross, until the revolution in favor of king William, when he was seized and sent to England, and the colony resumed their old charter government. In 1692, a new charter was obtained, confirming the privileges of the colony, and comprehending the colony of Plym outh in the same government. Since that time Plymouth has been a county of the colony, now state, of Massachusetts.

239. Settlement of Providence. A clergyman, named Roger Williams, who arrived with the colony of Massachusetts in 1630, became disgusted and removed to Plymouth, where he assisted the Rev. Mr. Smith, for two years, In consequence of some discontent, he left that town and went to Salem, where he was chosen to succeed Mr. Shelton. But he was charged by the magistrates with holding dangerous doctrines, his settlement was opposed, and he was banished. He first went to Seekonk, now Rehoboth, and purchased a tract of land of the sachem; but as this was within the jurisdiction of Plymouth, he was desired to remove. Accordingly, in the spring of 1635, he entered into an agreement with Miantonome and Canonicus, sachems of the Narragansets, fixed his residence at Mooshawsic, and called the place Providence.

240. Settlement of Newport. In consequence of religious dissensions, one John Clark, and a few friends, left Boston by water, sailed round cape Cod, and traveled to Providence, where they were entertained by Mr. Williams. Upon application to the Plymouth people, they were advised to settle at Aquetneck, now Rhode Island. In consequence, they formed an agreement among themselves for their government, purchased or obtained a grant of that isle from the natives, dated March 24, 1638, and began a settlement, on the north east end, at Pocasset, opposite to the present town of Tiverton. In the following year, 1639, a plantation

was begun, on the westerly side of the isle, and called Newport. Patuxet was settled by William Arnold.

241. Progress of settlements in the neighborhood. In 1643, Shawmet was purchased by one Gorton and ten associates. Gorton had been banished from Rhode Island, in 1640; he went to Patuxet, was summoned before the court of Massachusetts, and refusing submission, was taken a prisoner, tried, confined all winter, and then banished. Having obtained a grant of Shawmet, he went to England, obtained a confirmation of his grant, and settled the town now called Warwick. Westerly was made a township in 1669; Kingston, in 1674; East Greenwich, in 1677; and Conanicut in 1678, by the name of Jamestown.

242. Government of Providence. The settlers in these plantations, were first governed by a magistrate and assistants; but in 1640, they gave the title of governor, to the chief magistrate, and formed an imperfect constitution. In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England and obtained a charter, dated March 14th, 1644, from the commissioners of plantations, under which Rhode Island and Providence plantations formed a body of laws. In 1651. an attempt was made to alter this constitution, but Williams and Clark were sent to England and prevented it. After the restoration of king Charles II., a new charter was obtained from the crown, dated July 8th, 1663, by which the people of the colony were incorporated, with ample powers of government, and which still remains the basis of their government.

243. Settlement of Maine. The shores of that part of America, extending from the river Pascataqua, to the bay of Fundy, had been discovered by many of the first voyagers, both English and French. The grant of the French king to de Monts, in 1603, covered the lands from the fortieth to the forty-sixth degree of latitude, and of course included Maine; but the French settlements were north and east of this district. Sir John Popham and his company attempted a settlement on an isle at the mouth of the Kennebec, in 1607-8, but abandoned the country. The Plymouth patent also in 1630, contained a grant of a tract of land on the Cobisecontee

river, and sixteen miles on each side of the Kennebec, under which a settlement was made for the purpose of trade. A dispute arising between the Plymouth men, and some persons belonging to Pascataqua, about the right to trade at that place, two men were killed; but the controversy was amicably settled. Under these grants, however, some small settlements were made, before any government was established in Maine.

214. Grant of Maine to sir Ferdinando Gorges. By a royal patent, dated April 3, 1639, Gorges obtained a grant of all the lands between the Pascataqua and Newichawanoc on the south and west, and Sagadahoc and Kennebec on the east, extending one hundred and twenty miles north westward into the country, with the isles adjacent, and Capawac, now Martha's Vineyard. By this charter, the territory received the title of the "Province of Maine," by which it was known till the American revolution. Gorges neglected this grant, and during the civil wars in England, Massachusetts extended her claim over a part of the district. Gorges died, and his grandson sold the property to the colony of Massachusetts, for fourteen hundred pounds sterling. The new charter of 1692, placed Maine under the Massachusetts government; but in 1819, it became a

state.

245. Grant and settlement of Maryland. By charter, dated June 20, 1632, Charles the first granted to Cecelius Calvert, baron of Baltimore, in Ireland, the lands in America, between Watkins's point in the Chesapeak, and a line from that point to the ocean, on the south; and a line under the fortieth degree of lati-tude on the Delaware, on the north; which north line was extended to the highest source of the Potomac, and thence by that river to its mouth, and across the bay to Watkins's point-to be held by him and his heirs in fee simple. This tract was named Maryland, and settled at first by Roman Catholics from Ireland.

246. Progress of Maryland. The government of Maryland continued in the family of lord Baltimore until James the II. abdicated the throne, when the parliament assumed the government. In 1692, the Protes

tant religion was established by law. In 1716, the government was restored to the proprietary, and continued in his family, till the revolution; when his absence was considered as a forfeiture of his rights to the soil and jurisdiction; a convention was called, a constitution formed, and the country erected into an independent state. In 1785, Mr. Harford, the heir of lord Baltimore, petitioned the legislature for his quit rents, &c., which accrued during the war, but without

success.

247. First settlements on the Delaware. It is difficult to ascertain the precise date of the first plantations on the Delaware. The Dutch and Swedes began settlements there, within a few years after the Dutch West India company obtained a grant of New Netherlands, and between 1630, and 1637. Both claimed the territory, and a controversy arose between the Dutch governor of New Netherlands, and the Swedish settlers, which subsisted many years. In 1641, a number of families from New Haven began a plantation on that river; but many of them died, the next summer by sickness, and the rest were afterwards driven away by the Dutch and Swedes, who maintained their ground, and the descendants of the latter still live in Pennsylvania.

248. State of Delaware. The plantations on the Delaware fell within the patent to the duke of York, in 1664; or at least were considered as within its limits. After the grant of Pennsylvania to William Penn, in 1681, the duke of York, by deeds, dated August_21st and 24th, 1682, granted and released to William Penn all his claims to the lands within William Penn's patent, and the lands about New Castle, within a circle of twelve miles, and south to the Hoar Kills. By an act of union and an act of settlement between Mr. Penn and the inhabitants, dated December 6, 1682, the counties, on the Delaware, were annexed to the province of Pennsylvania; they, however, had a separate assembly, in which the governor of Pennsylvania presided. At the late revolution, the three counties erected a free

independent state, by the name of Delaware, and formed a constitution.

249. Grant to the duke of York. After the English had conquered New Netherlands from the Dutch in 1664, king Charles the second, by patent dated the twelfth day of March, 1664, granted to his brother James, duke of York, a tract of land in America, beginning at Nova Scotia, and extending along the coast to Pemaquid and to the head of that river; thence to the Kennebec, and northward to the river of Canada; also, Long Island and Hudson's river, and all the lands from the west side of Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware bay, with Martha's Vineyard-and Nantucket. To this territory the duke gave the name of New York. The boundaries are hardly to be understood; but this grant of lands, before granted to others on the Connecticut, occasioned many and warm controversies between the colonies of New York, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont, some of which lasted for more than a century.

250. Grant of New Jersey. The duke of York, by deed of release, dated June 24th, 1664, sold and confirmed to lord Berkeley and sir George Carteret, their heirs and assigns, all that tract of land to the westward of Long Island and Manhattan, between the ocean and the Hudson on the east, and the Delaware on the west, from cape May to the north branch of the Delaware, in forty-one degrees and forty minutes of latitude, by the name of New Cesaria, or New Jersey. Under this grant, settlements were soon begun, and Philip Carteret was appointed the first governor.

251. Progress of New Jersey. The proprietors of New Jersey made grants of land, while their shares were undivided; but by deed quintipartite, dated July 1, 1676, the proprietors divided this tract of land; sír George Carteret taking the eastern half, and one Byllinge and others, the purchasers under lord Berkeley, taking the other half. The dividing line was agreed to be a straight line from a point on the east side of Little Egg Harbor, to the northernmost branch of the Delaware. This line was not run for many years, and