Twopeny, to be Lieut. by p. vice Swan; E. Gough, Gent. to be Ens. by p. vice Twopeny. 55th Foot.-Lieut. J. P. Walsh, from h. p. 6th Foot, to be Lieut. vice Poe, cashiered by sentence of a general court-martial. 84th Foot.-Lieut. H. B. Clarke, to be Capt. without p. vice Dale, dec.; Ens. W. H. Kelly, to be Lieut. vice Clarke; Ens. G. Baldwin, from h. p. unat. to be Ens, vice Kelly. 87th Foot.-Major W. Gammell, from h. p. unat. to be Major, vice Lord C. Wellesley, who exch. Rifle Brigade.-Lieut. W. Crosbie, to be Capt. by p. vice Ramsbottom, who retires; SecondLieut. K. W. Young, to be First-Lieut. by p. vice Crosbie; Hon. II. E. H. Gage, to be Second-Lieut, by p. vice Young. 2d West India Regt.-Capt. M. O'Keefe, from h. p. unat. to be Capt. vice Henley, who retires. Unattached.-Capt. Lord C. J. E. Russell, from 52d Foot, to be Major, by p.; Lieut. A. C. Sterling, from 3d Drag. Guards, to be Capt, by purchase. Memorandum.-Major W. H. Robinson, h. p. unat has been allowed to retire from the service, by sale of an unat, commission, he being about to proceed to the colonies as a settler, North Hants Yeomanry Cavalry.-Cornet W. Taylor, to be Lieut. vice R. Titchbourne, res.; Cornet W. B. Heathcoate, to be ditto, vice G. E. Heathcote, res.; Cornet T. Dumbleton, to be ditto, vice J. Micklethwaite, res.; W. J. Long, Gent, to be Cornet, vice W. B. Heathcoate, prom. WHITEHALL, OCT. 10, 1833. Staffordshire Regt. of Yeomanry Cavalry.Thomas Brook Bridges Stevens, Gent, to be Cornet, vice Jesson, dec. Berks Yeomanry Cavalry.-Woolley Troop.John Collins, Gent, to be Cornet, vice William Ormond, resigned. Winterbourne and Stapleton Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry.-Lieut. Robert James Elton, to be Captain, vice Græme, dec.; Cornet Thos. Jones, jun. to be Lieut. vice Elton, prom.; Geo, Cave, Gent., to be Cornet, vice Jones, prom. Southern Regt. of West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry.-Hon. H. Howard, to be Capt. vice Fullerton, res.; Benj. Boomer, Gent., to be Lieut. vice Howard, prom.; Wm. Fox, Gent., vice Littlewood, res.; John Didsbury, Gent.; vice Boomer, prom.; and Geo. Wilton Chambers, Gent., vice Walker, res, to be Cornets. WAR-OFFICE, Oct. 18. 3d Regt. of Drag. Guards.-Cornet J. Nugent, to be Lieut. by p. vice Stirling, prom.; E. Dyson, Gent. to be Cornet, by p. vice Nugent. 4th Drag. Guards.-Ensign B. Wodehouse, from the 76th Foot, to be Cornet, by p. vice Mitchell, who retires. 1st Foot.-Staff-Surg. J. Bell, from h. p. to be Surg. vice R. W. Sandford, placed upon h. p. 9th Foot.-Paymaster R. Bluntish, from h. p. of the 10th Foot, to be Paymaster, vice R. Walton, dismissed by the sentence of a general court-martial. 11th Foot.-Lieut. E. S. Farmer, to be Capt. by p. vice Bell, who retires; Ensign L. A. Boyd, to be Lieut. by p. vice Farmer; W. Browne, Gent. to be Ensign, by p. vice Boyd. 23d Foot.-Second-Lieut. J. O. E. Tucker, to he First-Lieut. by p. vice Stanley, prom.; P. Gough, Gent, to be Second-Lieut, by p. vice Tucker. 25th Foot.-Capt. Hon. A. J. C. Villiers, from the Royal Regt. of Horse Guards, to be Capt. by .vice Morris, who retires, 55th Foot.-Ensign W. Glover, from the 89th Foot, to be Lieut. by p. vice Walsh, who retires. 58th Foot.-Capt. G. Varlo, from the 76th Foot, to be Capt. vice Fenwick, who exch.; Ensign E. Wormington, from h. p. of the 4th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Hutchinson, prom. in the Royal African Colonial Corps. 63d Foot.-Lieut. A. C. Pole, to be Capt, by p. vice Neilly, who retires; Ens, H. T. Crompton, from the 99th Foot, without p. vice Bowles, who retires; Ensign E. S. T. Swyny, from the 99th Foot, by p. vice Tharp, who retires; Ensign H. J. Swyny, by p. vice Pole, to be Lieuts.; R. L. Day, Gent, vice Swyny, to be Ensign, by p.; Lieut. J. P. Jones, vice Pole, prom. to be Adjut. 64th Foot.-Lieut. T. L. Butler, from the 77th Foot, to be Lieut. vice Garnier, who exch. 76th Foot-Capt. T. L. Fenwick, from the 58th Foot, to be Capt. vice Varlo, who exch.; H. Brewster, Gent. to be Ensign, by p. vice Wodehouse, app. to the 4th Drag. Guards. 77th Foot.-Lieut. F. Garnier, from the 64th Foot, to be Licut, vice Butler, who exch. 84th Foot.-Ensign R. Proctor, from h. p. of the 59th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Purdon, prom. in the Royal African Colonial Corps. 87th Foot.-Capt. J. Bowes, to be Major, by p. vice Gammell, who retires; Capt. J. Bagwell, from h. p. of 1st Garrison Battalion, to be Capt. vice W. Hutchinson, who exch. rec. the diff.; Lieut. M. Maxwell, to be Capt, by p. vice Bowes; Second-Lieut. Lord Henry Beauclerk, to be First-Lieut. by p. vice Maxwell; C. H. J. Rich, Gent, to be Second-Lieut, by p. vice Lord Henry Beauclerk. 89th Foot.-W. A. Devaynes, Gent. to be Ens. by p. vice Glover, prom. in the 55th Foot. 99th Foot.-To be Ensign by p.-H. A. Ouvry, Gent. vice Swyny, prom. in the 63d Foot; T. J. Bowles, Gent. vice Crompton, prom. in the 63d Foot. Royal African Colonial Corps.-To be Lients. without p.-Ensign P. Purdon, from the 84th Foot, vice Smellie, who resigns; Ensign H. Hutchinson, from the 58th Foot, vice Fearon, app. to the 53d Foot. Memoranda.-The Christian names of Lieut. Eager, of the 31st Foot, are Robert John. The appointment of Hospital-Assistant T. Pearson, to be Assist.-Surg. in the 17th Foot, has not taken place. Ост. 22. 6th Regt. of Drag. Guards.-Lieut. Francis Browne, to be Adjut, vice Hebson, who resigns the Adjut, only. 15th Regt. of Light Drag-Lieut. Andrew Jordaine Wood, to be Capt. by p. vice Baird, who retires; Cornet Charles Sparling, to be Lieut. by p. vice Wood; Robert Dennistown Campbell, Gent. to be Cornet, by p. vice Spar. ling. 1st Foot.-Brevet-Major Robert Mullen, to be Major, without p. vice Wetherall, dec.; Lieut. Richard Blacklin, to be Capt. vice Mullen; Ensign James William Henry Hastings, to be Lieut. vice Blacklin; Gent, Cadet Frederick R. Mein, from the Royal Mil. Col. to be Ensign, vice Hastings. 25th Foot.-Capt. Hon. Samuel Hay, from h. p. unat. to be Capt. vice Augustus John Child Villiers, who exch. 35th Foot.-Hon, David Stuart Erskine, to be Ensign, by p. vice Brockman, who retires. 47th Foot.-Ensign John Sutton, to be Lieut, by p. vice Taylor, who retires; Thomas Honey bone Atkinson, Gent, to be Ensign, by p. vice Sutton. 56th Foot.-Ensign Daniel Le Geyt, from h. p. of 96th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Blackburne app. to the 85th Foot. 1833.] PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 65th Foot.-Ensign James Smith, to be Lieut. by p. vice Palmer, who retires; Patrick Day Stokes, Gent, to be Ensign, by p. vice Smith. 84th Foot.-Ensign Arthur Coape, to be Lieut. by p. vice Robe, prom. in the 87th Foot. To be Ensigns by p.-Richard Lovelocke Coxe, Gent, vice Procto, who retires; Frederick Douglas Lumley, Gent. vice Coape. 85th Foot.-Ensign John Blackburne, from the 56th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Ramsay, app. Adjut.; Ensign Alexander Ramsay, to be Adjut. vice Lieut. and Adjut. M'Eadden, who resigns, rec. a commutation. 87th Foot.-Lieut. Frederick Holt Robe, from the 84th Foot, to be Capt, by p. vice Bagwell, who retires. 98th Foot.-Lieut.-Colonel John M'Caskill. from h. p. of the 89th Foot, to be Lieut.-Colonel' vice Vaughan, dec. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, OCT. 21. Royal Regt, of Artillery.-Second-Lieut. Wm. Staines Payne, to be First-Lieut. vice Cleeve, dec.; Second-Capt. Wm. Saunders, to be Capt. vice Maling, retired; First-Lieut. John Alex. Wilson, to be Second-Capt. vice Saunders; Second-Lieut. Walter Raleigh Gilbert, to be First-Lieut. vice Wilson; First-Lient. and Adjut. Charles Robert Dickens, to be Second-Capt. Corps of Royal Engineers.-Second-Lieut. Wm. Yolland, to be First-Lieut. vice Alexander, retired. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. BIRTHS. At St. John's, Newfoundland, the Lady of Lieut.-Colonel Oldfield, commanding Royal Engineers, of a daughter. Sept. 23, at Lincoln, the Lady of Mr. H. B. H. Long, Purser, R. N. of a daughter. Sept. 27, at Lisburn, the Lady of Capt. Boyes, 55th Regt. of a daughter. Sept. 29, near Exeter, the Lady of Lieut. E. K. Foley, R.N. of a son. At the Royal Marine Barracks, Portsmouth, the Lady of Lieut. and Adjut. Brown, of a son. At Swiss Cottage, Bembridge, Isle of Wight, the Lady of J. Kidd, Esq. Surgeon, R.N. of a son. Sept. 30, at Enniskerry Lodge, county of Wicklow, the Lady of Capt. Thomas Monck Mason, R.N. of a daughter. At Lennard Place, St. John's Wood, the Lady of Capt. J. Luard, of a daughter. In Stratton Street, Piccadilly, the Lady of Lieut.-Colonel Sir W. Herries, K.C.HI. of a son. At Cavan, the Lady of Lieut. J. N. Fraser, 27th Regt. of a son. Oct. 1, at Cove, the Lady of J. P. Sarjeant, Esq. Purser, R.N. of a son. Oct. 2, at Downpatrick, Ireland, the Lady of Lieut. T. H. Rimington, R. Eng. of a daughter. Oct. 4, the Lady of Major Hill, 96th Regt. of a son. At Suffolk House, Cheltenham, the Lady of Lieut.-Colonel Allen, of Inchmartine, of a son. Oct. 5, at Pennington House, Lymington, the Lady of Capt. Temple, late 60th Rifles, of a dau. Oct. 8, at Plymouth, the Lady of Lieut. Thomas, R.N. of a son. Oct. 13, at the Wilderness, Reigate, the Lady of Capt. Thomas Martin, R.N. of a son. At Brighton, the Lady of Capt. Henry Wilson, King's Own Dragoons, of a daughter. Oct. 17, at Wexford, the Lady of Capt. Ward, 43d Regt, of a son and heir. Oct. 20, at Woolwich Common, the Lady of Lieut. J. M. Savage, Royal Horse Artil. of a son. MARRIAGES. At Sydney, New South Wales, Lieutenant Espinasse, 4th, or King's Own, to Julia, daughter of the late William Stephens, Esq. In Athlone, Capt. James Caulfeild, R. N. to Emilia Olivia, daughter of the late Lieut.-Col. French, of Cloonigun, county Roscommon. Sept. 24, at Alderley, Lieut. Marcus Theodore Hare, R.N. to Lucy Ann, second daughter of Sir John T. Stanley, of Alderley Park, Bart. At Oldswinford, Capt. T. Battersbee, Royal Engineers, to Eliza, daughter of J. Pidcock, Esq. of the Platts, county Stafford. At Dublin, Commander G. Ingram, R.N. to Catharine, widow of the late A. Warring, Esq. of Shinton, county Kilkenny. At Brighton, Lieut, Patrick Inglis, R.N, to Mary Ann, only daughter of the late J. G. Sept. 30, at Stoke Church, Lieut. Venus, R.N. to Miss Robinson, of Gloucester Street, Portsea, Oct. 8, at St. George's, Hanover Square, Capt. A. W. Bishop, 7th Drag. Guards, to Eleanor, only child of the late Lieut. Markland, of the 33d Regt. and grand-daughter of the late Sir Ed. Nightingale, of Kneesworth Hall, Cambridge. Ensign William Glover, 89th Regt, to Haunah Maria, fourth daughter of the late John Sheen Downes, Esq. of Prospect House, Plymouth. At St. James's Church, Piccadilly, Lieut. Hadden, Royal Engineers, to Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of L. D. Jaquier, Esq. of Reed House, in the county of Kent. At Portsmouth, Charles Stark, Esq. Mathematical Instructor in Naval Gunnery, H.M.S. Excellent, to Maria Clark, daughter of Commander Felix Frankling, R.N. Oct. 10, by special license, Lieut.-General the Right Hon. Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, Bart., Commander of the Forces in Ireland, to Letitia, third daughter of the late Rev. James Agnew Webster, and niece to Sir Henry Brooke, Bart, of Colebrooke, county of Fermanagh. Oct. 14, at Lamesley Chapel, in the county of Durham, Capt. Yorke, R. N. and M.P. for Cam. bridgeshire, to the Hon. Susan Liddell. At Kirkaldy, Josh, Cook, Esq. Surgeon, R.N to Jean, daughter of J. M'Donald, Esq. Perth. Oct. 17, at Southweald, Capt. Pulteney, 12th Lancers, eldest son of John Pulteney, Esq. o. Northerwood, Hants, to Emily, third daughter of C. T. Tower, Esq. M.P. of Weald Hall, in the county of Essex. Oct. 19, Capt. Francis Ringler Thomson, R.E. to Selina Harriett Cotton, widow of the late G. H. Macartney, Esq. and niece of Wm. Augustus Brooke, Esq. Chief Justice of Benares. Oct. 23, at Stoke church, near Guildford, Lieut. Wm. Preston, R.N. second son of Admiral Preston, to Hamilla Mary, youngest daughter of J. Mangles, Esq. M.P., of Woodbridge. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Assist.-Surg. Torrie, 1st Foot. Aug. 28. Surg. Johnstone, h. p. 5th Foot. At the Cape of Good Hope, Lieut.-Colonel E. Vaughan, 98th Regt. At Dominica, Major Wetherall, 1st Batt. Royal Regt. commanding the troops in that island. At Trinidad, Lieut. Harding, 19th regiment. Sept. 23, on board the Marine Society's ship, of apoplexy, Mr. J. Buyers, Master, R.N. aged 66, in his 17th year as superintendent of that ship. In Dublin, Capt. Meighan, h. p. 32d Regt. Sept. 24, at Fareham, Hants, Commander J. Eastwood, R.N. At Twickenham, Commander T. Stephenson, R.N. Sept. 27, at East Ilsley, Berkshire, aged 57, Lieut. Charles Hemsted, R.N. the Governor of Travers' College, Windsor. Oct. 1, at the York House, Bath, William Henry Tonge, Esq. late a Lieut. in the 17th Lancers, and son of William Norris Tonge, Esq. of Alveston, in the county of Gloucester. Oct. 2, in Percy Street, Commander Newton, R.N. Oct. 3, at Wood Hall, aged 58, Arthur Maister, Esq. Colonel of the East York Militia, and one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the same Riding. In London, Commodore Vincent Newton, (1814.) At Plymouth, Major Philip Ven Coatlende, late Deputy Barrack-Master-General in Canada. Oct. 13, at his house in Baggot Street, Dublin, Lieut.-General J. Croker. At Taunton, aged 78, Joseph Whitbey, Esq. 54 years a Master in the Navy, and many years Superintendent of the works of Plymouth Breakwater. Oct. 14, in Dublin, Capt. Matthew Hemmings, formerly Barrack-Master of Limerick, and a burgess of that city. At Youghal, suddenly, Capt. Henry Evans, 9th Regt. eldest son of the late Major-General Evans. Oct. 16, in Salisbury Street, Strand, MajorGeneral William Binks, aged 71, from Royal Marines. In Dublin, Commander Goddard Blennerhasset, R.N. (1808.) At Glenties, Donegal, Capt. S. Folvil, R.N. (1802.) At sea, on board the Industry, transport, on the passage from Lisbon, Capt. Clements, Royal Marines. METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, KEPT AT THE OBSERVATORY OF CAPT. W. H. SMYTH, AT BEDFORD. TACTICS.-NO. III. GENERAL RECAPITULATION. "I have been taught this piece of wisdom, that generality brings nothing to good issue, but that, before any matter can be fully finished, it must be brought to particulars."-KING JAMES I. GREECE Occupied itself in time of peace with war as a science. The use of arms, just theories of formations and of marches, the principles according to which they were to be applied, together with the mode of conducting war and providing against its various casualties, belonged to those branches of knowledge that every good citizen was expected to be acquainted with, and which were taught accordingly by regular masters. Rome was not so enlightened in this respect. The Roman citizen learnt, indeed, to throw the dart, to use the sword, to raise works, to perform long marches, and to carry heavy burthens; and thus trained, took the field, individually, a better soldier than the Greek; but the higher branches of the science were entirely overlooked; the Republic blindly entrusted the command of its armies to whatever talents or experience those might possess on whom such high offices devolved. Thus, a Sempronius, a Varro, a Mummius and others, all illiterate and barbarous as the senate that appointed them;-an inexperienced Lucullus, a Cæsar, who himself acknowledged that he had never done anything,- -were sent forth at the head of the legions, in the good hope that, if they wanted theory, the chances of war would, nevertheless, present them with opportunities for employing to advantage the welltrained soldiers placed at their disposal. During a long succession of martial ages, and under a government constantly at war, many of the leaders so selected naturally proved themselves men of the highest talents; a far greater number owed their success to the gallantry of the soldiers and to the admirable system of organization and discipline that pervaded the Roman armies. Such men purchased, with the blood of their subordinates, the spoils, triumphs, and renown, justly due to high military genius alone. Yet neither the bravery nor the skill of the legionaries, which were never surpassed in the ancient world, saved the Republic from mourning the loss of entire armies, sacrificed by the presumption of a Flaminius and the folly of a Crassus. During the dark ages there was no science to learn; and, from the first revival of the art, down to our own time, the idea has pretty generally prevailed that a knowledge of war could only be acquired in war. Those who had served flattered themselves, therefore, that they were already masters of the subject; whilst those who had not been in the field consoled themselves with the belief that they also would acquire an equal degree of knowledge whenever chance should furnish them with the requisite experience. It never occurred to such men that the military knowledge acquired in the field alone must be purchased at the expense of "human bones," and can, at the best, be only imperfect. War is a time of action, and for the application, far more than the acquisition of knowledge; and those who do their duty towards their country and their profession must bring with them into the field as much science and as much of the habit and power of thought as can be gathered from the experience of those who have gone before them. It U. S. JOURN. No. 61, Dec. 1833. 2 F is not in the lists that the champion must be trained and instructed; he must bring science with him to the combat, and then practice and experience will improve his skill, and confidence will nerve his arm. We But in our time and country these views have not prevailed. have profited neither by the theory of the Greeks nor the practical ability of the Romans; we have not been warned by the disasters which the weak points of their different formations drew down upon those ancient nations, nor by the losses occasionally sustained by our own and other tactical armies, when contending against adversaries who, from accident, skilful leading, or from some peculiar mode of warfare, happened to strike at one of the many weak points of the Prussian system of tactics. I purposely say the Prussian system, in order that we may not allow ourselves to be deceived by the new names applied to old practices, for we are still, after the lapse of a century, and at the expiration of a war carried on for five-and-twenty years with unparalleled fierceness in every quarter of the globe, following the system originally introduced into the Prussian army by the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and subsequently improved by Frederick II. Either the science of tactics already attained absolute perfection under that celebrated monarch, or the great masters of the age of intellect have not been great enough to advance it a single step. And it is indeed no easy matter to perfect or advance a system founded upon charcoal and saltpetre. Epaminondas himself, were he to rise from the dead, would be amazed to see the soldiers of his wedge, or embolon, struck mangled to the ground by the fire of batteries placed upon distant heights. Human intrepidity must rise above its usual level to remain calm and collected under a storm of these artificial thunderbolts, more destructive than those of nature itself.⚫ In the first and second part of this Essay I endeavoured to point out the insufficiency of modern tactics, particularly as contrasted with the qualities of British soldiers, as well as the utter helplessness in which this modern arming and training must necessarily leave the infantry, when encountered, on level ground, by bold and resolute horsemen. Opinions so much at variance with the military maxims of the day could not be expected to pass altogether unchallenged; and these Essays have, in consequence, been honoured with some attention, as well as criticism, both in our own and in foreign countries. The arguments in support of the present system, formerly published in this Journal, were replied to at the time; and, I now deem it right, before proceeding to the more important subject of strategy, briefly to go over the objections more generally urged against the views taken in these papers. I shall select, for this purpose, the article on tactics that appeared in the Caledonian Mercury of the 19th of July, 1832, as it embraces not only all that other writers have advanced against me, but also gives-what is so very rare in modern controversy—a clear analysis of the opinions under review. I ascribe the critique to the acute and learned author of the admirable articles "Army" and "Battle" in the seventh edition of the Encyclopædia. It would now be as useless to omit the name of the present writer as it would be to insert the flattering terms in which it is introduced by the reviewer; for the person of the author can go for nothing in this controversy, and all deviation from the matter under discussion to the pretensions of an individual may be safely looked upon as unwilling |