disease' as they call it, some ancient influenza very prevalent and fatal during those wet winter-operations; and after a few days' illness, ́at Autree' (St. Mary Ottery) where the headquarter was, is dead. Sir Gilbert, his brother, is a leading man in Parliament, with much service yet before him ;-Cousin Dryden, one day to be Poet Dryden, is in Northamptonshire, a lad of fourteen at present. Sprigge (p. 156) has a pious copy of sorrowful verse over dear Colonel Pickering's hearse' ; and here is a Note concerning his funeral.

To Colonel Cicely, at Pendennis Castle: These

Tiverton, 10th December 1645.

SIR, It's the desire of Sir Gilbert Pickering that his deceased Brother, Colonel Pickering, should be interred in your Garrison; and to the end his Funeral may be solemnised with as much honour as his memory calls for, you are desired to give all possible assistance therein. The particulars will be offered to you by his Major, Major Jubbs,1 with whom I desire you to concur herein.

And believe it, Sir, you will not only lay a huge obligation upon myself and all the Officers of this Army, but I dare assure you the General himself will take it for an especial favour, and will not let it go without a full acknowledgment. But what need I prompt him to so honourable an action whose own ingenuity will be argument sufficient herein? Whereof rests assured your humble OLIVER CROMWELL.*

servant.

(c) A Couple of very small Letters, which have now (May, March, 1846) accidentally turned up, too late for insertion in the Text, may find their corner here.

1. The First, which is fully dated (just eight days before the Battle of Naseby), but has lost its specific Address, may without much doubt be referred to Ely and the 'Fortifications' going on there.2

"To Captain Underwood, at Ely: These"

Huntingdon, 6th June 1645. CAPTAIN UNDERWOOD,-I desire the guards may be very well strengthened and looked unto. Let a new breastwork be made

1 'Gubbs' he writes.

* Polwhele's Traditions and Recollections (London, 1826), i. 22 : with a Note on Cicely, and reference to the Original among the Family Papers of the Rev. G. Moore, of Grampound.' & Commons Journals, iv. 161, 5; Cromwelliana, p. 16.

about the gravel,1 and a new work half-musket-shot behind the old work; all storm-ground1 stuff. Tell Colonel Fothergill to take care of keeping strong guards.—Not having more, I rest, yours, OLIVER CROMWELL.*

2. Sir Dudley North,' Baronet, of Catlidge Hall, near Newmarket, is Member for Cambridgeshire; sits too, there is small doubt, in the Ely Committee at London ;-is wanted now for a small County business.

2

The 30th of March,' as we know, is but the fifth day of the then New Year: Oliver,-I find after some staggering, for his date will not suit with other things,-takes the cipher of the Old Year, as one is apt to do, and for 1647 still writes '1646.' As this Entry, abridged from the Commons Journals, will irrefragably prove, to readers of his Letter: John Hobart, Esq. dismissed from being Sheriff of Cambridge and Huntingdon Shires, and Tristram Diamond, Esq., appointed in his place, 1st January 1646,' which, for us, and for Cromwell too on the 30th of March following, means 1647.

For the Honourable Sir Dudley North: These

"London," 30th March 1646 [error for 1647]. SIR,-It being desired to have the Commission of the Peace renewed in the Isle of Ely, with some addition, as you may perceive; none left out; only Mr. Diamond, now High Sheriff of the County, and my Brother Desborow, added, there being great want of one in that part of the Isle where I live,—I desire you to join with me in a Certificate; and rest, your humble servant, OLIVER CROMWELL.†

No. 9

LANGPORT BATTLE (10th July 1645). SUMMONS TO WINCHESTER

[Vol. i. p. 230.]

HERE is Oliver's own account of the Battle of Langport, mentioned in our Text:

1 Word uncertain to the Copyist.

* Original now (May 1846) in the Baptist College, Bristol.

I v. 36 (1st. Jan. 1646-7).

Original in the possession of the Rev. W. S. Spring Casborne, of Pakenham, Suffolk: a descendant of the North Family.

DEAR SIR,-I have now a double advantage upon you, through the goodness of God, who still appears for us. And as for us, we have seen good things in this last mercy,—it is not inferior to any we have had ;-as followeth.

We were advanced to Long-Sutton, near a very strong place of the Enemy's, called Langport; far from our Garrisons, without much ammunition, in a place extremely wanting in provisions,-the Malignant Clubmen interposing, who are ready to take all advantages against our parties, and would undoubtedly take them against our Army, if they had opportunity.-Goring stood upon the advantage of strong passes, staying until the rest of his recruits came up to his Army, with a resolution not to engage until Grenville and Prince Charles his men were come up to him. We could not well have necessitated him to an Engagement, nor have stayed one day longer without retreating to our ammunition and to conveniency of victual.

In the morning, word was brought us, That the Enemy drew out. He did so, with a resolution to send most of his cannon and baggage to Bridgewater,-which he effected, but with a resolution not to fight, but, trusting to his ground, thinking he could make away at pleasure.

The pass was strait between him and us; he brought two cannons to secure his, and laid his Musketeers strongly in the hedges. We beat-off his cannon, fell down upon his Musketeers, beat them off from their strength, and, where our Horse could scarcely pass two abreast, I commanded Major Bethel to charge them with two Troops of about one-hundred-and-twenty Horse. Which he performed with the greatest gallantry imaginable;beat back two bodies of the Enemy's Horse, being Goring's own Brigade; brake them at sword's-point. The Enemy charged him with near 400 fresh Horse; set them all going,-until, oppressed with multitudes, he brake through them, with the loss not of above three or four men. Major Desborow seconded him, with some other of those Troops, which were about three. Bethel faced about; and they both routed, at sword's-point, a great body of the

Enemy's Horse. Which gave such an unexpected terror to the Enemy's Army, that it set them all a-running. Our Foot, in the mean time, coming on bravely, and beating the Enemy from their strength, we presently had the chase to Langport and Bridgewater. We took and killed about 2000,-brake all his Foot. We have taken very many Horses, and considerable Prisoners. What are slain we know not. We have the Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance; Colonel Preston, Colonel Heveningham, Colonel Slingsby, we know of, besides very many other officers of quality. All Major-General Massey's party was with him (" Massey "), seven or eight miles from us,—and about twelve-hundred of our Foot, and three Regiments of our Horse. So that we had but Seven Regiments with us.

Thus you see what the Lord hath wrought for us. Can any creature ascribe anything to itself? Now can we give the glory to God, and desire all may do so, for it is all due unto Him !— Thus you have Long-Sutton mercy added to Naseby mercy. And to see this, is it not to see the face of God! You have heard of Naseby: it was a happy victory. As in this, so in that, God was pleased to use His servants; and if men will be malicious, and swell with envy, we know Who hath said, If they will not see, yet they shall see, and be ashamed for their envy at His people.—I can say this of Naseby, That when I saw the Enemy draw up and march in gallant order towards us, and we a company of poor ignorant men, to seek how to order our battle, the General having commanded me to order all the Horse,-I could not, riding alone about my business, but smile out to God in praises, in assurance of victory, because God would, by things that are not, bring to nought things that are. Of which I had great assurance; and God did it. O that men would therefore praise the Lord, and declare the wonders that He doth for the children of men!

I cannot write more particulars now. I am going to the rendezvous of all our Horse, three miles from Bridgewater; we march that way. It is a seasonable mercy. I cannot better tell you than write, That God will go on!-We have taken two guns, three carriages of ammunition. In the chase, the Enemy quitted Langport; when they ran out of one end of the Town, we entered the other. They fired that at which we should chase; which

hindered our pursuit: but we overtook many of them. I believe we got near Fifteen-hundred Horse.

Sir, I beg your prayers.

I rest, your servant,

Believe, and you shall be established.

"OLIVER CROMWELL." *

A couple of months after this battle, Oliver is before Winchester, and makes this Summons:

To the Mayor of the City of Winchester

"Before Winchester," 28th September 1645 5 o'clock at night.

SIR,-I come not to this City but with a full resolution to save it, and the Inhabitants thereof, from ruin.

I have commanded the soldiers, upon pain of death, That no wrong be done :- which I shall strictly observe; only I expect you give me Entrance into the City, without necessitating me to force my way; which if I do, then it will not be in my power to save you or it. I expect your Answer within half an hour; and rest, your humble servant, OLIVER CROMWELL †

No. 10

ARMY TROUBLES IN 1647

[Vol. i. p. 269.]

THE Vote that Field-Marshal Skippon, Lieutenant-General Cromwell, Commissary-General Ireton and Colonel Fleetwood,' all Members of this House, 'shall proceed to their charges in the Army,' and endeavour to quiet all distempers there,—was passed on the 30th of April: day of the Three Troopers and Army-Letter, and directly on the back of that occurrence. They went accordingly, perhaps on the morrow, and proceeded to business; but as nothing specific came of them, or could come, till the 8th of May, that day is taken as the date of the Deputation.-Here are Three Letters from them; one prior and one posterior; which, copied from the Tanner Mss., have got into print, but cannot throw much light on the affair.

* Pamphlet in Lincoln College, Oxford; no. 1o, 'Battles and Sieges,"-title of it, 'The Copy of Lieutenant-General Cromwell's Letter to a worthy Member of the House of Commons; published by Authority, London, 1645.'

↑ History and Antiquities of Winchester (London, 1773), ii. 127.

1 Commons Journals, v. 158: see antea, vol. i. p. 268.