4. In the Town Archives of Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, are the following three Papers; footmarks, still visible, of Oliver's transit through those parts. Twelfth July, date of the first Paper, is the morrow after Pembroke surrendered.

(a.) To the Mayor and Aldermen of Haverfordwest

'We being authorised by Parliament to view and consider what Garrisons and Places of Strength are fit to be demolished; and we finding that the Castle of Haverford is not tenable for the services of the State, and yet that it may be possessed by ill-affected persons, to the prejudice of the peace of these parts: These are to authorise you to summon-in the Hundred of Roose and the inhabitants of the Town and County of Haverfordwest; and that they forthwith demolish the several walls and towers of the said Castle; so as that the said Castle may not be possessed by the Enemy, to the endangering of the peace of these parts. 'Given under our hands this 12th of July 1648.

'We expect an account of your proceedings, with effect, in this business, by Saturday being the 15th of July instant.'

To which Oliver appends :

If a speedy course be not taken to fulfil the commands of this Warrant, I shall be necessitated to consider of settling a Garrison. OLIVER CROMWELL.

(b.) For the Honourable Lieutenant-General Cromwell, at Pembroke

'Haverfordwest, 13th July 1648.

'HONOURED SIR,-We received an Order from your Honour and the Committee, for the demolishing of the Castle of Haverfordwest. According to which we have this day set some workmen about it: but we find the work so difficult to be brought about without powder to blow it by, that it will exhaust an "huge" sum of money, and will not in a long time be effected.

'Wherefore we become suitors of your Honour that there may a com

Jillian's,' now a farmhouse near Caerleon, Monmouthshire, was the mansion of the Lords Herbert, of the celebrated Lord Edward of Cherbury for one,--to whom (or to his successor, as the Attorney thinks) this Note was addressed. Note picked up in converting the old Manorhouse into a Farmhouse (which it still is), and published, along with other antiquarian tagraggeries in a very dim and helpless manner, by the Attorney who had been in charge of that operation.

petent quantity of Powder be spared out of the Ships, for the speedy effecting the work, and the County paying for the same. And we likewise desire that your Honour and the Committee be pleased that the whole County may join with us in the work; and that an Order be considered for the levying of a competent sum of money on the several Hundreds of the County, for the paying for the Powder, and defraying the rest of the charge.

'Thus being over-bold to be troublesome to your Honour; desiring to know your Honour's resolves,—we rest, your Honour's humble servants, 'JOHN PRYNNE, Mayor.

Gunpowder cannot be spared on light occasion; and 'levying of competent sums' have had their difficulties before now; here is the handier method:

(c.) To the Mayor and Aldermen of Haverfordwest

Whereas upon view and consideration with Mr. Roger Lort, Mr. Samson Lort, and the Mayor and Aldermen of Haverfordwest, it is thought fit, for the preserving of the peace of this County, that the Castle of Haverfordwest should be speedily demolished:

These are to authorise you to call unto your assistance, in the performance of this exercise (?), the Inhabitants of the Hundreds of Dungleddy, Dewisland, Kemis, Roose and Kilgerran ; who are hereby required to give you assistance.

Given under our hands this 14th of July 1648.

OLIVER CROMWELL.

["and the two Lorts in a corner of the Paper"].*

No. 12

LETTER TO THE DERBY-HOUSE COMMITTEE AFTER
PRESTON BATTLE

[Vol. i. p. 355.]

SAME day with that Letter in the Text, urging the York Committee to help in pursuit of Duke Hamilton, Oliver writes home for Supplies.

* Printed in Welshman Newspaper (Carmarthen, 29th Dec. 1848).

To the Right Honourable the Committee of Lords and Commons, at Derby House: These. Haste, haste

Wigan, 23d Aug. 1648. MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,-I did not (being straitened with time) send you an Account of the great blessing of God upon your Army:-I trust it is satisfactory to your Lordships that the House had it so fully presented to them.1

My Lords, it cannot be imagined that so great a business as this could be without some loss;-although I "confess" very little compared with the weightiness of the Engagement; there being on our part not an Hundred Slain, yet many Wounded. And to our little it is a real weakening, for indeed we are but a handful. I submit to your Lordships, whether you will think fit or no To recruit our Loss; we having but Five poor Regiments of foot, and our horse so exceedingly battered as I never saw them in all my life.

It is not to be doubted but your Enemy's designs are deep: this Blow will make them very angry: the principles they went on were such as should a little awaken Englishmen; for I have heard it from very good hands of their own party, that the Duke made this the argument to his Army, That the Lands of the Country and [illegible the next line or two, from ruin of the paper; the words lost mean clearly, That the Scots were to share our lands among them, and come to inhabit the conquered country': a very high figure of rumour indeed !]-which accordingly is done in part, there being a Transplantation of many women and children and of whole families in Westmoreland and Cumberland, as I am credibly informed [for the moment !]-Much more might be said; but I forbear. I offer it to your Lordships that Money may be "sent" to pay the foot and horse to some equality. Some of those that are here seventy days before I marched from Windsor into Wales have not had any pay; and amongst the horse, my own Regiment and some others are much behind. I wish your Lordships may manage it for the best advantage, and not be wanting to yourselves n what is necessary: which is the end of my offering these things to you. My Lords, Money is not for Contingencies so as

1 In Letter LXIV. (supra, vol. i. pp. 344-352.)

were to be wished; we have very many things to do which might be better done if we had wherewithal. Our Foot want Clothes, Shoes and Stockings; these ways and weather have shattered them all to pieces: that which was the great blow to our Horse was (beside the weather and incessant marches) our March ten miles to fight with the Enemy, and a Fight continuing four hours in as dirty a place as ever I saw horse stand in; and, upon the matter, the continuance of this Fight two days more together in our following the Enemy, and lying close by him in the mire— [moths again and mildew . . . until at length we broke him at a a great party of our horse having . . . miles towards Lancaster; who came up. to us, and were with us in all the Action]. These things I thought fit to intimate, not knowing what is fit to ask, because I know not how your Affairs stand, nor what you can supply.

near...

...

I have sent Major-General Lambert, upon the day I received the Enclosed, with above Two-Thousand horse and dragoons and about Fourteen-Thousand foot in prosecution of the Duke and the Nobility of Scotland with him; who will, I doubt not, have the blessing of God with him in the business. But indeed his horse are exceeding weak and weary.—I have sent to Yorkshire and to my Lord Grey to alarm all parts to a prosecution: and if they be not wanting to the work, I see not how many can escape. I am marched myself back to Preston;-and so on towards Monro or otherwise, as God shall direct.

As things fall out, I shall represent them to you; and rest, my Lords and Gentlemen, your most humble "servant,"

OLIVER CROMWELL.*

No. 13

LETTER TO THE DERBY-HOUSE COMMITTEE IN 1648

[Vol. i. p. 378.]

RECAPITULATING what is already known in the Text; finds its place

here.

Tanner Mss. lvii. (1.) 229. Original, signed inside and out by Cromwell: much injured by mildew and moths.

To the Right Honourable the Committee of Lords and Commons, at Derby House

Norham, 20th Sept. 1648.

MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,-I did, from Alnwick, write to Sir William Armyn1 an account of our condition; and recommended to him divers particular considerations about your affairs here in the North, with a desire of particular things to be done by your Lordships' appointment, in order to the carrying-on of your affairs. I send you here a copy of the Summons that was sent to Berwick 2 when I was come as far as Alnwick; as also of a Letter written to the Committee of Estates of Scotland:3—I mean those who we did presume were convened as Estates, and were the men that managed the business of the War. But there being, as I learned since, none such; the Earl of Roxburgh and some others having deserted, so that they are not able to make a Committee;-I believe the said Letter is suppressed, and retained in the hands of Colonel Bright and Mr. William Rowe. For whom we "had" obtained a safe Convoy to go to the Estates of that Kingdom with our said Letter, the Governor of Berwick's Answer to our Summons leading us thereunto. By advantage whereof we did instruct them to give all assurances to the Marquis of Argyle and the Honest Party in Scotland,-who we heard were gathered together in a considerable Body about Edinburgh, to make opposition to the Earl of Lanark, Monro, and their Armies,-of our good affection to them. Wherewith they went the 16th of this month.

Upon the 17th of this month Sir Andrew Ker and Major Strahan, with divers other Scots Gentlemen, brought me this enclosed Letter, signed by the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, as your Lordships will see. They also showed me their Instructions, and a Paper containing the matter of their Treaty with Lanark and Monro; as also an Expostulation upon Lanark's breach with

1 Original Member for Grantham; one of the Committee, and from of old busy in those International concerns. 8 Letter LXXI. (vol. i. p. 368.)

2 Letter LXX. (vol. i. p. 366.)

4 Not 'suppressed'; though it cannot be received except unofficially (vol. i. p. 370).