found himself in great danger while crossing the Tweed, by a ford in the neighbourhood. By this ford the English and Scottish armies made their mutual invasions, before the bridge of Berwick was erected. The adjacent field, called Holywell Haugh, was the place where Edward I. met the Scottish nobility, to settle the dispute between Bruce and Baliol, relative to the crown of Scotland. On the opposite bank of the Tweed, stands the celebrated Castle of Norham. The description of this ancient fortress, in the poem of Marmion, is too well known to require to be quoted here. About four miles from Berwick, is Paxton House, the seat of Forman Home, Esq., which contains a fine collection of pictures. In the immediate neighbourhood, the Tweed is crossed by the Union Wire Suspension Bridge, constructed in 1820, by Captain Samuel Brown. Its length is 437 feet; width, eighteen; height of piers above low water-mark, sixty-nine; and is one of the finest structures of that kind in this part of the island. Near Paxton, the Tweed is joined by the Whitadder, the principal river which flows through Berwickshire; on its banks, a few miles to the north-west, is Ninewells, the paternal seat of David Hume. Before entering Berwick, we pass Halidon Hill, the scene of a battle in 1333, between the English and the Scotch, in which the latter were defeated. The town of Berwick is more remarkable for its historical recollections than for its present importance. It is twenty-three miles distant from Kelso, and fifty-eight from Edinburgh, and is a respectable looking town, containing about 9000 or 10,000 inhabitants.

SECOND TOUR.

EDINBURGH TO GALASHIELS-MELROSE-JEDBURGH AND HAWICK.

LEAVING Edinburgh by the great south road through the centre of Newington, the tourist passes on the right, Grange House, (Sir T. Dick Lauder, Bart.) Three miles from the city, the village and kirk of Liberton will be seen at a short distance on the right. A mile farther the tourist passes Moredun (Anderson, Esq.) on the right, and a short distance beyond the road passes through the village of Gilmerton. On the right, five and a half miles from Edinburgh, is MELVILLE CASTLE, (Lord Melville.) After crossing the Esk, the tourist passes in succession NEWBATTLE ABBEY,* (Marquis of Lothian,) on the left, and Dalhousie Castle,* (Earl of Dalhousie,) on the right. Eleven miles distant from Edinburgh the tourist reaches Fushie Bridge Inn. On the left, half a mile before reaching Fushie, are the oldest powder-mills in Scotland. Immediately after passing Fushie Bridge, a view is obtained of BORTHWICK CASTLE, and Borthwick Kirk, standing in the midst of a valley on the left. Passing Middleton Inn, the road now crosses a bleak upland, called Heirot Muir, and a few miles farther on, descends into the vale of Gala. Sixteen miles from Edinburgh is Heriot House, and on the right, at the distance of a mile, Heriot Kirk. Three miles beyond on the left, is Crookston, (Borthwick, Esq.) A little farther on, Pirntaiton, (Innes, Esq.,) on the right, Burn House, (Thom*Described on pages 89, 90.

t For a description of this Castle, see page 90.

son, Esq.,) Pirn, (Tait, Esq.,) and Torquhan, (Colvin, Esq.,) on the left. On the right, the comfortable inn of Torsonce, and a short way beyond, the ancient and irregular village of Stow, situated in the middle of a district, which formerly bore the name of We-dale, (the vale of Woe.) The whole of this territory belonged at one time to the Bishops of St. Andrews, and many of their charters are dated from Wedale. Proceeding onwards, with the Gala on the right, the tourist reaches Crosslee, on the confines of the county of Roxburgh. The river now forms the boundary between the counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, and the alder, birch, and hazel are found in abundance on its banks. The "Braw lads of Gala water," are celebrated in Burns's well-known beautiful lyric of that name. A short way farther on is TORWOODLEE, the fine mansion of Pringle of Torwoodlee, situated in the midst of stately trees, upon a fine terrace overhanging the Gala. A few hundred yards to the west of the modern mansion are the ruins of the old house, jutting out from the side of a hill. At a little distance to the west of the ruin, lies the family burying-ground, embowered in the midst of a dark grove. The Pringles of Torwoodlee are a very old family, and celebrated in Border story. Their representative, in the reign of Charles II., was peculiarly obnoxious to Government, on account of his exertions in the cause of the covenant, and his concern in Argyle's rebellion. Within a mile of his house, on different sides of the vale of Gala, were two old towers, called Buckholm and Blindlee, occupied by two of his inveterate enemies, who are said to have kept continual watch over his motions, in order to find occasion to accuse him to Government. A short way beyond, at the distance of 32 miles from Edinburgh, the tourist reaches

GALASHIELS,

a thriving town, finely situated on the banks of the Gala, which joins the Tweed about a mile below. It contains about 4000 inhabitants, principally engaged in the production of woollen cloths. About sixty years ago, Galashiels was only a small village occupying part of the higher ground

near the church, and extending within the park, where the ruins of the old court-house still remain, towards the baronial mansion of Gala. A few weavers contented themselves with exercising their individual industry; but by degrees union and enterprise enlarged the demand, and devised new means of meeting it. Mills were built-at first on a small scale, but by increasing prosperity were enlarged and multiplied, and a populous town soon covered the green fields beside the Gala. Originally the only species of manufacture was a coarse woollen cloth, called "Galashiels gray," the wool employed being the produce of the surrounding hills; but now the goods manufactured chiefly consist of fancy articles, such as tartans, and shawls of the finest texture and most brilliant colours, while the wool is principally imported from Van Diemen's Land. Within the last

few years the town and its manufactures have increased with even greater rapidity than at any former period. The mills have grown to four times their original size; large new premises have been erected; the water-force of the Gala has been exhausted, and, though the distance from coal is great, recourse has been had to the aid of steam; whilst some of the inhabitants have sought larger scope for their exertions at Selkirk and Innerleithen.

In a place where some hundreds have been suddenly drawn together from all quarters, we may naturally expect to find a considerable share of the evils incident to a manufacturing population; but of the masters, and generally of the workmen, natives or long resident in the place, it may be safely said that there does not exist, in any trade or employment a more intelligent, moral, and industrious class of

men.

The town is partly in Selkirkshire, and partly in Roxburgh. Galashiels proper is a burgh of barony, under the family of Gala, which now bears the name of Scott, though representing the ancient Pringles, the ancestor of Mr. Scott having married the heiress of that baronial house, and succeeded to its fortunes in 1623. An old pear tree exists near the house, on which the destined bride is said to have

been amusing herself in youthful frolics whilst the marriage contract was signed.

In 1813, Mr. Richard Lees, manufacturer, assisted by a blacksmith, constructed a wire bridge over the Gala, being the first specimen of this American invention erected in the old world. It was destroyed by a flood in autumn 1838, but another has been erected in its place. The higher ground of the parish is traversed by the remains of an ancient wall, supposed to be the Catrail, and near it at Rink, on an eminence, is an old British Camp.

Leaving Galashiels, a fine view is obtained of the vale of the Tweed, and a passing glance of the towers of Abbotsford on the right, overtopping the surrounding trees. On the left is Langlee, (Bruce, Esq.) Farther on is Allan Water, already described in page 111, and soon after, the road crosses the Tweed, passes the village of Darnick, and two miles beyond it, reaches

MELROSE,

Three

with the magnificent ruins of its Abbey, for a full description of which the reader is referred to page 113. miles from Melrose is Newton-Dryburgh. Half a mile further a beautiful view is obtained of Dryburgh Abbey and the course of the Tweed. A few miles farther on, the road passes ANCRUM MOOR, where the Earl of Angus routed the English, in 1545. During the year 1544, Lord Evers and Sir Brian Latoun committed the most dreadful ravages upon the Scottish frontiers. As a reward for their services, the English monarch promised to the two barons a feudal grant of the country which they had thus reduced to a desert; upon hearing which, Archibald Douglas, the seventh Earl of Angus, is said to have sworn to write the deed of investiture upon their skins, with sharp pens, and bloody ink, in resentment for their having defaced the tombs of his ancestors at Melrose. In 1545, Lord Evers and Latoun again entered Scotland with an army of upwards of 5000 men, and even exceeded their former cruelty. As they returned towards Jedburgh, they were overtaken by Angus