●ccur in Ray's Synopsis. Dr. Smith dares not to separate the genus Muscari from Hyacin thus, because he thinks they are naturally united by H. romanus; which he says is truly mo nopetalous, and therefore not a Scilla, to which genus it has been referred by Gawler, in Cur tis's Botanical Magazine. But the Doctor does not seem to observe that Mr. Gawler asserts that all the three genera, to which he has elsewhere added Ornithogalum, are naturally the sanie, and the division entirely artificial, but nevertheless convenient: the Corolla, it may be observed, is really monopetalous in all the four genera.

Rumex palustris, considered by preceding authors as a variety of R. maritimus L.

Lamium incisum of Willdenow, dissectum of Withering; formerly considered by Smith himself as a variety of L. purpureum.

Cheiranthus fruticulosus. The common wild Wall-flower, found upon most of the decayed castles, monasteries, and large walls through the island; and by the generality of Botanists thought to be the Cheiranthus Cheri of Linnæus. If these plants be really distinct, there can be no doubt but that the synonyms in the species Plantarum of Linnæus's first variety («) belong to the species here figured.

For the month of October we find only three phænogamous plants.

Cheiranthus incanus, never before supposed to be a native of Britain, but found by Mr. Turner and Mr. W. Borrer, on the cliffs near Hastings, growing on inaccessible rocky ledges; and such being precisely its natural station on the coast, in the south of Europe, it is here presumed it may be wild with us.

Salix amygdalina, and decipient. We are thankful for a continuation of this very difficult genus.

Neither car limits, nor the weakness of our eye-sight, will allow us to enter into any disquisition on the minute cryptogamous plants, beyond the order of Filices.

The fortieth number of the PARADISUS LONDINENSIS, contains Adina glubiflora, a new genus, the characters of which are here given with Mr. Salisbury's usual botanical skill. It may be thought to be too nearly allied to Nauclea of Gærtner. It is a native of China, whence it was undesignedly imported into this country, springing up from the earth sent with some plants from Canton to Mr. Greville.

Leucadendrum grandiflorum. Native specimens of this beautiful species are said by Mr. Salisbury to be preserved in the Banksian Herbarium for Protea conocarpa; to which it is allowed to be nearly allied.

Hookera pulchella (Brodiea of Dr. Smith). Mr. Salisbury has availed himself of this opportunity to correct a double error, which, it should appear from this account, the Doctor has falien into, that of considering the plant as triandrous, and mistaking the segments of the alternate bifid filaments, for so many internal petals. As this name of Hookera was published in the Paradisus, before Dr. Smith thought proper to apply that of Brodiea to the same plant, in honour of his friend Mr. Brodie, in a paper read before the Linnean society, as has been mentioned in a former Report, the author here complains of this and other multiplied acts of injustice towards him, all of which he says that he forgives; we wish he could forget them also, and cease to take hold of every occasion of bringing them forward.

We learn not altogether without surprize, that Dr. Smith has taken offence at a late Report, in which this subject is rather jocularly mentioned; nothing could be farther from our intentions than expressing any disrespect to the Doctor, for whom we have ever professed and felt a regard; nor do we think that an appearance of want of candour towards him can be detected in our writings by any one unconnected with either party. We must acknowledge, however, that if we have included both in our general censure, it has been from the pen of Mr. Salisbury alone that the perpetuation of this disagreement has been brought under our review, nothing from Dr. Smith having come before us, except his letter to the editor of this Magazine, (vide vol. 25. p. 191,) which, if not written altogether in the spirit of reconcilie ation, appears to us to be at least void of asperity. But we sincerely hope never to have occasion to mention this unpleasant subject again, and heartily join with Dr. Smith in his selfcongratulations, that his rival has no further power to injure him. With respect to the name of Hookera, or Brodiea, we shall not attempt to decide which will be likely to be handed down to posterity; nor whether either of the three candidates have as yet nerited by their publications, by which alone the public can judge, this unicum BOTANICORUM premium This, however, we can venture to foretel, that whatever name may be recorded with the plant, the application to its prototype will sink into oblivion, unless he shall have raised a monument to himself by his writings.

It is with pleasure we announce the progress of Mr. Turner's Fuci, which proceeds and ires aequirit eundo. It is a beautiful, a scientific, and we believe a very accurate publication ; indeed we know of no botanist so capable of carrying on a work of this kind, and we congratulate the public that it has fallen into so good hands. We consider it as the great triumph of modern times, that the cultivation of every branch of Natural History, indeed of know ledge in general, is diffused among our commercial men, and not, as formerly, nearly confined to the professors of medicine, and a few divines,

The

The first part of Thunberg's Flora capensis, the publication of which has been nearly despaired of, is come to this country, but we have not yet had an opportunity of perusing it.

The ninth volume of the Linnean transactions is published, but our limits oblige us to defer any notice of its contents, as also of the two last numbers of the Botanical Magazine.

OCTOBER 15.

October 17.

October 18.
October 21.

NATURALIST's MONTHLY REPORT.

OCTOBER.

SHEDDING MONTH.

Now the leaf

Incessant rustles from the mournful grove;
Oit startling such as, studious, walk below,
And slowly circles through the waving air.
But should a quicker breeze amid the boughs
Sob, o'er the sky the leafy deluge streams;
Till choaked, and matted with the dreary shower,
The forest walks, at every rising gale,

Roll wide the wither'd waste.

Leaves of the lime trees begin to fall in the night.

Leaves of the oak turn brown.

Leaves of the elm, ash, poplar, lilac, and several kinds of willcev, are shed,
Leaves of apple-trees fall.

The hedges begin to lose their verdure.

October 23.

October 26.

Leaves of the maple fall.

The lime and poplar-trees deprived of nearly all their leaves. October 31. The sycamore and mulberry trees yet retain their verdure. During the first three weeks of the present month, the wind has blown from the north and north-west; the weather has consequently been cold, and we have occasionally had heavy showers. The general character of the weather has been this: always fine sunny mornings; towards eleven or twelve o'clock the clouds have collected, and during the remainder of the day it has sometimes been rainy, but generally fair, with occasional showers, and gleams of sunshine. On the 23d the wind changed from north to south-west, and in the afternoon and night blew almost a hurricane; and distant thunder was sometimes heard. From the 25th to the 30th we had much both of wind and rain: the latter at three or four different times fell in torrents.

October 3. A frog fish (Lophius piscatorius of Linnæus) of considerable size was caught by

some fishermen in their nets.

October 6. The fruit of the elder, and of all the wild species of rose, of the holly and black briony, is ripe.

A woodcock was shot in the New Forest, in the first week of October. But I am informed that these birds have been killed in Norfolk more than a fortnight ago.

October 11. This morning I saw a hummingbird, hawk-moth (Sphinx stellatarum of Linnæus), hovering about and feeding from some of the tubular flowers that are yet left in a very warm and well inclosed garden.

The farmers are busily employed in sowing their wheat. This will continue during all the remainder of the month, and for the first week or fortnight of November.

From the unfavourable weather of the present season, the young swarms of bees are so light, that it is supposed they will not be all able to survive the winter. The breeders, as I am informed, mean, on this account, to take several of them.

October 20. Hares come from the open downs into the furzes and thickets.

The Royston crows are arrived. They frequent chiefly the sea-shore, feeding on such ani. mal productions as, by the receding of the tide, are left upon the sands.

Several of the summer flowers yet continue to adorn the fields and hedges. In corn-fields I observe the little field madder (Skerardia arvensis), melilot trefoil (Medicago lupulira), least snapdragon (Antirrhinum minus), round leaved snapdragon (Antirrhinum spurium), and bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus). On the dry banks several species of hawkweed; and in the hedge-bottoms bladder campion (Cucubalus bekeu) and long-stalked crane's bill (Geranium Columbinam). There are a few flowers still left on the woodbines.

The fruit of the barberry, and woody nightshade (Solanum dulc@mara), is ripe. Medlars are ripe.

October 31. Although the greater part of the martins are certainly gone, a few strag glers are yet left. I see two or three still flying about. These are no doubt some of the later breeds, which, not being ready to attend the general migration, have been left behind; and it is probable that they may pass the winter, in a torpid state, in some place of concealment in this country.

Hampshire.

MONTHLY

MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

THE weather, for the greatest part of the month, has been so very fine, that all the dif

ferent operations of husbandry which are necessary at this season, have been carried on almost without any interruption. The late wheat grounds have been completely prepared, and the seed put in, in the best possible state. The carly wheats now in many places al most wholly cover the surface of the land, and have a very fine, healthy, green, appearance. In particular instances they are perhaps too luxuriant and forward, but this only regards a few situations, where the circumstances are peculiarly favourable for their vigorous growth.Wheat averages 928. 78. per quarter;--Barley, 45s. 10d.;-Oats, 33s. 8d.

The taking up of the potatoe crops has now been every where completed, and these were perhaps never, upon the whole, more full and abundant, in all the northern districts of the kingdom, especially Lancashire, and the neighbouring counties.

On thrashing out the oats and barleys, they are in general found to yield much better than was supposed at the time of harvesting them, affording, in most cases, a fair produce.

The completing of the fattening stock has gone on well since our last, and much meat been brought to the different markets. And the bite of grass for the store stock has continued good unusually long, on account of the fineness of the season. This has probably been one cause of keeping up the prices in the northern parts of the island, though the demands of the midland graziers have not been so considerable this year as formerly.

The turnip, cabbage, rape, and other green crops, all promise well at present, for affording 2 full supply of that sort of food, which is so essential, especially in the northern districts, for the support of live stock.-In Smithfield market, Beef fetches from 4s to 4s. 8d. per stone of 8ib.;-Mutton, from 3s. 4d. to 4s. 6d. ;-Veal, from 5s. 6d. to 7s. ;-and Pork, from 5s. 64. to 7s.

The operations of repairing fens, and forming under-drains where the wetness of the land demands them, have in many cases been performed to considerable extent, from the unusual openness of the weather, especially in the northern counties In Smithfield market, Hay sells from 51. 51. to 61. 6s. per load ;-Clover, from 61. to 71. 7s. 6d. ;-Straw, from 11. 14s. to 11. 18s.

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.

Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of October to the 24th of November, 1808, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. of St. Paul's.

Thermometer.
Higheft, 58°.
Lowest, 28°.

was at 29.00, and
on the next day,
at the same hour,
it was no higher
than 28.17.

The quantity of rain fallen this month is equal to 4.52 inches in depth.

The average height of the barometer is only 29.15, and that of the thermometer is 43.25. "The weather has been remarkably mild; one morning only have we seen ice of any thickness, though we have had several severe white frests, which, as usual, were the forerunners of rain. There have been some fogs in the neighbourhood of town, but neither so many nor so thick as we commonly witness in November. We have had a good proportion, viz. about ten brilliant days. The rains have been frequent, and, as may be seen above, in considerable quantities. The wind very variable; much in the east points.

Astronomical Anticipations.

Mars is to

On the third of December, soon after half past three in the morning, the moon will be full; and on the 17th, at 36 minutes past one in the afternoon, it will be change, or new moon. Early in the month the planet Mercury may be seen in the morning before sun-rise, Venus is an and towards the end he may be seen, if the evenings are clear, after sun-set. evening star, and may, early in the evening, be seen in the south-west by west. be seen in the morning. Jupiter may be observed any evening, and on the first day of the month he is on the meridian soon after six. Saturn is now too near the sun to be visible: they are in the beginning of the month within about twelve degrees distance of one another. the 20th they will be a whole sign distant, viz. the sun in the 28th of Sagittarius, and Sa turn in the 28th of Scorpio: then the planet will be visible in the morning before sun-rise, and will be seen better each succeeding day. The sun and the clocks differ in the beginning of the month ten minutes and more, the clocks being slower than the sun; but they are ra pidly approaching to an equality: and on the 24th every good going clock will shew precisely

On

the

the same time with the dial. The shortest days in the year are from the 17th to the Bith, both inclusive: on these, the sun rises at ei. ht mi: utes past eight in the morning, and sets as many minutes before four in the afternoon.

During the course of the present month, there will happen several celestial phenomena, well worthy hartstion of the curious. On the 7th, the moon, 1h. 41m after her rising, will occult 1 of the Crab, a star of the fourth magnitude. It wil vanish behind the moon's enlight ned disk at 10h 153m apparent time, or at 10h. 74m. clock time, and the emersion, or re-appearance of the star from behind the dark edge of the moon, will be at 10h. 48 n. apparent time, or at 10h. 40m. clock time. On the 29th the moon will occult the , star of the third magnitude, in the right eye of the Bull, situated only 9° 53′ 25′′ to the north, and 1° 19′ 43′′ to the west, of that notable one, the a, in the Bull's left eye, other wise hamed Aldebaran. The immersion will take place at the dark edge of the moon at 20 minutes past 19 night, apparent time, which is at 224 minutes past 12, mean time; and the emersion from behind the bright edge of the moon will be at 1 h. 37m in the morning of the 30th, apparent time, or at 1h. 394m. mean time. The above occultations will, if the weather permit, make a beautiful appearance through a good telescope. The full moon wil take place at 35 minutes past 3, in the morning of the 3d; and the new moon will be at 36 minutes past 1, in the afternoon of the 17th. There will also be some visible immersions and emersions of Jupiter's satellites into and out of his shadow, which will take place at a considerable distance from the planet's eastern side. Only the emersions of the first satel lite can be observed this month by the inhabitants of the earth. Those which will be visible at London happen as follows: the 3d day, at 5h. 41m. 41s. evening; the 9th, at 7h. S7m. 43s. evening; the 16th, at 9h. 33m. 41s, night, and the 25th, at 5h. 58m. 37s. evening. The visible emersions of the second satellite will be on the 10th, at 5h. 17m. 29s. evening; and on the 17th, at 7h. 53m. 11s. night. The visible emersion of the third satellite will be on the 10th, at 5h. 59m. 58s. only 424 minutes after a visible emersion of the second; and the visible immersion, the 17th, at 7h. 1m. 25s. evening, 51 minutes sooner than the visible emersion of the second. The visible immersion of the fourth satellite will be on the even. ing of the 12th, at bh. 22m. 21s; and the visible subsequent emersion at 8h. 48m. 59s. the same evening. During the first fortnight of the month, Mercury may be seen in the morn ing, for on the 1st he rises full 2h. 4m. and on the 14th, 1h. 43m. before the sun. On the 24, this planet will be nearly in a right line with the of the Balance, of the 2d, and they of the Balance, of the 3d magnitude. The two stars will form the extremity of an imaginary line containing an angle of about 11 degrees, and Mercury may be found at about 8 degrees somewhat below a straight line towards the y, or about 3 degrees from the y towards the e. But on the 6th, the planet will have moved so as to form nearly a right angled triangle with the two stars, Mercury and the y forming the perpendicular, containing an angle of about two degrees, the planet being nearest to the horizon. On the 12th, at seven in the morning, Mercury may be seen within 36 minutes of a degree to the north of the bright star of the Scorpion, named B, of the second magnitude. Venus may be seen in the evening during the whole month, and particularly towards the latter end; for on the 31st she will not set till minutes past 7, that is, oh. 10m. after the sun. Mars may be seen every morning from one o'clock till sun-rise. On the 12th he will be in conjunction with the in the Virgin, a star of the third magnitude, when the difference of latitude will only be 36 minutes of a degree; and on the 23d he will be in conjunction with the y in the Virgin, another star of the third magnitude, when the difference of latitude will be only 44 minutes of a degree, the planet being to the south in this instance, as was the star in the former one. Jupiter may be seen every evening in the SW. in that part of the constellation of Aquarius which is betwee 9 and 14 degrees of the zodiacal sign Pisces. Saturn, in the beginning of the month, will be too near the sun to be observed; but from the middle to the latter end he may be seen every favourable morning, a little before sun-rise, in the S.E. With a good glass, the Georgian Sidus may be seen every clear morning towards the east. On the 1st, the planet's longitude will be 50 1' less, and latitude only 51⁄2 more, north, than the bright star in the south scale of the Balance, of the second megnitude, named a; and on the 31st, the difference of longitude will be only 3° 35', and of latitude 5', the star, as in the beginning of the month, being more advanced in longitude, and nearer to the ecliptic, than the planet.

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ERRATUM IN VOLUME TWENTY-FIVE.

Page 300-Col. 2-Line 4, from the bottom-for e, read i; as an erroneous argument has been deduced from the occurrence of the error, by Mr. Wesley, jun.

THE

MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

JANUARY 1, 1809.

As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving to their Opinions a Maximum of "Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greatett Effect the *Curiosity of those who read either for Amusement or Inftruction." JOHNSON.

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