Mycorrhizas: Anatomy and Cell BiologyCABI, 2004/01/01 - 173 ページ Symbiotic relations between roots and fungi (mycorrhizas) are the most prevalent symbiotic systems on earth. For example, mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake from the soil, assist in the biocontrol of pathogenic fungi and nematodes, and have a positive effect on the establishment of plant communities. Mycorrhizal associations can be found in all ecosystems and in important forest and crop species. This book provides a summary of all the mycorrhizal categories from a morphological and anatomical perspective. It is beautifully illustrated with color illustrations, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs. |
目次
Introduction | 1 |
Dark septate fungal endophytes | 2 |
Recent specialized books on mycorrhizas | 3 |
n Mycorrhizas the most prevalent symbioses on earth | 4 |
Ectomycorrhizas | 5 |
A Introduction | 7 |
3 Fungal species involved | 8 |
C Mantle | 9 |
G Spores | 76 |
Dynamic changes in the plant cytoskeleton | 77 |
Ericoid mycorrhizas | 81 |
A Introduction | 83 |
3 Fungal species involved | 86 |
Liverworts and ericoid species can share common fungal symbionts | 87 |
C Extraradical mycelium | 89 |
lnvestigating the identity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi | 94 |
D Hartig net | 22 |
E Extraradical mycelium | 23 |
The polyphosphate controversy | 30 |
Are water and nutrients able to pass through the mantle? | 31 |
Root cells may respond to mycorrhizal fungi by developing as transfer cells | 32 |
F Specialized ectomycorrhizas tuberculate mycorrhizas | 38 |
Can ectomycorrhizal fungi really eat rocks? | 39 |
Growing ectomycorrhizal fungi in the lab | 42 |
Ectendomycorrhizas | 43 |
Introduction | 45 |
C Functions | 54 |
Arbuscular mycorrhizas | 55 |
A Introduction | 57 |
3 Fungal species involved | 58 |
Do the lower plants have arbuscular mycorrhizas? | 62 |
Use of hairy roots in studies with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi | 63 |
C Arbuscules | 64 |
Plant mutants help unravel colonization events in arbuscular mycorrhizas | 65 |
What is the nature of the interface between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root cells? | 68 |
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi harbour intracellular bacteria | 69 |
D Intraradical vesicles | 70 |
F Extraradical mycelium | 71 |
Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi access various sources of nitrogen | 95 |
Arbutoid mycorrhizas | 97 |
A Introduction | 99 |
C Functions | 100 |
Monotropoid mycorrhizas | 109 |
A Introduction | 111 |
B Development and structure | 112 |
C Functions | 113 |
Orchid mycorrhizas | 123 |
A Introduction | 125 |
B Orchid seed germination and protocorm formation | 130 |
C Seedling mature plants | 131 |
Orchids as cheaters | 143 |
Mycorrhizal fungi alter the cytology of orchid cells | 144 |
Dark septate fungal endophytes | 145 |
A Introduction | 147 |
B Colonization of roots | 148 |
References | 155 |
Glossary | 163 |
Appendices | 165 |
171 | |
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angiosperm appressorium arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular mycorrhizas arbuscules Arctostaphylos arrows Ashford bacteria Bonfante branching British Columbia Canada cell wall cells Figure colonized conifers cortical cells cultures Currah cytoplasm develop double arrowheads ectendomycorrhizas ectomycorrhizal fungi ectomycorrhizas electron microscopy endophytes Epacridaceae epidermal cells Ericaceae ericoid mycorrhizal fungi ericoid mycorrhizas extraradical mycelium function fungal hyphae Fungal species involved fungus genera genus germination Gigaspora Glomus hair roots Hartig net hyphae host cell Hymenoscyphus ericae hyphae hyphae arrowheads hyphal coils hyphal complexes inner mantle interface interfacial matrix intracellular hyphae intraradical isolates lateral roots mantle hyphae Massicotte microtubules mikolae molecular Monotropa Monotropa uniflora monotropoid mycorrhizas mycelium myco-heterotrophic mycor mycorrhizal associations mycorrhizal fungi nitrogen nutrients orchid mycorrhizas orchid species orrhizas pelotons Peterson Phialocephala fortinii Photo courtesy Phytol Pinus Pisolithus tinctorius Plant species involved polyphosphate protocorm Pterospora andromedea rhizas rhizomorphs root cells root hairs seed seedlings showing soil spores stained structure symbionts vesicles