Elements of Economics of Industry: Preliminary surveyMacmillan, 1903 - 421 ページ |
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多く使われている語句
action Adam Smith advantages agents of production agricultural amount applied benefit business ability business management capital and labour causes CHAPTER character chief chiefly classes co-operative commodity cost cultivation demand price derived difficulty Diminishing Return division of labour dose earnings economic economists effect efficiency employers employés England equal evil exert expenses factors of production factory farmer fertility future give governed grade greater growth hand higher hundredweight income increase industry influence instance joint-stock companies kind land less machinery man's manufacture marginal marginal utility material means ment modern nature necessary normal organization perhaps person population producer's surplus profits purchase Quasi-rent rate of interest rate of profits raw produce regard rent rise skill social soil supply price surplus tend tendency things tion towns trade undertake Unions utility wages wants wealth whole workers
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290 ページ - The liberal reward of labour, as it encourages the propagation, so it increases the industry of the common people. The wages of labour are the encouragement of industry, which, like every other human quality, improves in proportion to the encouragement it receives. A plentiful subsistence increases the bodily strength of the labourer, and the comfortable hope of bettering his condition, and of ending his days perhaps in ease and plenty, animates him to exert that strength to the utmost.
1 ページ - For man's character has been moulded by his every-day work, and by the material resources, which he thereby procures, more than by any other influence, unless it be that of his religious ideals ; and the two great forming agencies of the world's history have been the religious and the economic.
140 ページ - We might as reasonably dispute whether it is the upper or the under blade of a pair of scissors that cuts a piece of paper as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production.
1 ページ - For the business by which a person earns his livelihood generally lills his thoughts during by far the greater part of those hours in which his mind is at its best; during them his character is being formed by the way in which he uses his faculties in his work, by the thoughts and the feelings which it suggests, and by his relations to his associates in work, his employers or his employees.
140 ページ - ... a piece of paper, as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production. It is true that when one blade is held still, and the cutting is effected by moving the other, we may say with careless brevity that the cutting is done by the second; but the statement is not strictly accurate, and is to be excused only so long as it claims to be merely a popular and not a strictly scientific account of what happens.
101 ページ - That the master manufacturer, by dividing the work to be executed into different processes, each requiring different degrees of skill or of force, can purchase. exactly that precise quantity of both which is necessary for each process...
170 ページ - We conclude then that an increase of wages, unless earned under unwholesome conditions, almost always increases the strength, physical, mental and even moral of the coming generation; and that, other things being equal, an increase in the earnings that are to be got by labour increases its rate of growth ; or, in other words, a rise in its demand price increases the supply of it.
183 ページ - Suppose a man could with his own hands plant a certain scope of Land with Corn, that is, could Digg, or Plough, Harrow, Weed, Reap, Carry home, Thresh, and Winnow so much as the Husbandry of this Land requires; and had withal Seed wherewith to sowe the same. I say, that when this man hath subducted his seed out of the proceed of his Harvest, and also, what himself hath both eaten and given to others in exchange for Clothes, and other Natural necessaries; that the remainder of...
173 ページ - It matters nothing to the seller of bricks whether they are to be used in building a palace or a sewer ; but it matters a great deal to the seller of labour...