The Origin of Plant Structures by Self-adaptation to the EnvironmentK. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Company, Limited, 1895 - 256 ページ |
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adaptation aërial stems Alpine plants annual aquatic plants archegonium Arctic arrest become biennial Bonnier cause cells central cylinder character characteristic chlorophyll climate climbing collenchyma cortex cortical Costantin cultivated Darwin desert plants dwarf Edition elongated endoderm Endogens environment epidermis espèces experiments external fact feuilles fibres fibro-vascular cords Flora flowers foliage grasses growth habit hairiness hairs hereditary high altitudes Illustrations increase J. D. Hooker Journ lacunæ Lagoa Santa latitudes layer leaf less maritime plants natural selection observed occur organs Origin of Species palisade cells palisade tissue parenchyma peculiarities perennial pericycle petiole plants growing produced protoplasm Ranunculus heterophyllus regions result rhizomes roots says seed Sér shoots similar Similarly Sir J. D. Hooker soil spinescent stomata strains structure subterranean succulency supra surface Tamarix terrestrial terrestrial plants thickness tion trees tubers variations varieties vascular vegetative vessels Volkens xylem
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210 ページ - To any biologist whose studies had carried him beyond mere species-mongering in 1850, onehalf of Lamarck's arguments were obsolete and the other half erroneous, or defective, in virtue of omitting to deal with the various classes of evidence which had been brought to light since his time. Moreover his one suggestion as to the cause of the gradual modification of species — effort excited by change of conditions — was, on the face of it, inapplicable to the whole vegetable world.
6 ページ - We see, then, that no inferences as to varieties in a state of nature can be deduced from the observation of those occurring among domestic animals. The two are so much opposed to each other in every circumstance of their existence, that what applies to the one is almost sure not to apply to the other.
19 ページ - These several considerations alone render it probable that variability of every kind is directly or indirectly caused by changed conditions of life. Or, to put the case under another point of view, if it were possible to expose all the individuals of a species during many generations to absolutely uniform conditions of life, there would be no variability.