Talibus inter se dictis ad tecta subibant Pauperis Euandri, passimque armenta videbant Ut ventum ad sedes: Haec, inquit, limina victor Aude, hospes, contemnere opes, et te quoque dignum Dixit, et angusti subter fastigia tecti 360 365 Nox ruit, et fuscis tellurem amplectitur alis. Janiculum as being in thought nearer the 359.] Dictis' may be a participle, but on a comparison of 7. 249, 284, it is perhaps better to take it as a substantive, the abl. being one of circumstance. Serv. mentions the doubt. Ad tecta subibant' approached the house; without ad' it would have been entered: comp. vv. 362, 3. And so Donatus. · 360.] Passim' dispersedly. "Laeta boum passim campis armenta videmus" 3.220. Mugire videbant:' see on 4. 490. 361.] For the site of the Carinae,' which is more or less disputed, see Dict. G. vol. 2, pp. 222, 223. Pompey had a house there, which afterwards became M. Antony's. Rom. has 'Cavernis.' For lautis' Med. has 'latis.' Dryden renders the line' Once oxen lowed where now the lawyers bawl.' 362.] For 'victor' one of Ribbeck's cursives reads 'nobis,' with 'victor' as a variant. 363.] Peerlkamp may be right in his interpretation of subiit' stooped to enter, comparing Ov. M. 5. 282 "subiere minores Saepe casas superi" (add Id. F. 4. 516., 5. 505); see however Id. M. 1. 121. The lengthening of the last syllable is sufficiently accounted for by the caesura, especially before the aspirate, without supposing with Lachm. (see Excursus on G. 2. 81, second edition) that it is really long in Virg. Rom. and Med. (first reading) have 'subit.' 'Cepit' need merely be i. q. "accepit:" but there is force in Serv.'s remark "mire dictum ut alibi, (9.644) nec te Troia capit."" 364.] 'Aude' of making a moral effort, 370 like "sapere aude" Hor. 1 Ep. 2. 40. So Aesch. Prom. 999, tóxμnoóv tоTE Пpòs τὰς παρούσας πημονὰς ὀρθῶς φρονεῖν. 365.] Finge' like 'aude' seems to express effort: comp. 6. 80, G. 2. 407. “ Nec, si miserum Fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque inproba finget" 2.80. 'Rebus egenis' seems to be constructed with both asper' and 'veni.' Dryden says of this and the foregoing line (Dedication to Aeneid) "For my part, I am lost in the admiration of it: I contemn the world when I think of it, and myself when I translate it. " 366.] Fastigia tecti,' the sloping roof: see on 2. 302. 367.] "Ingentem Aenean” 6. 413, where there is a similar contrast. 368.] Schrader ingeniously conj. 'spoliis,' which is the reading of one MS., the third Gothen. Forb. remarks that the couch was of leaves, with a bearskin over it. "Pelle Libystidis ursae" 5. 37 note. Virg. seems to have imitated Od. 14. 48 foll., as Heyne remarks. 369-406.] That night Venus entreats Vulcan to make a suit of armour for Aeneas, reminding him that she had asked no favour while the Trojan war lasted. He chides her for her hesitation, and readily consents.' 369.] "Nox ruit" 6. 539. The conception of night as winged is found Eur. Or. 177, Aristoph. Birds 695. We have already had a hint of this image 2. 360, 6.866. 370.] Haud nequiquam exterrita,' with no empty fear. Comp. Aesch. Ag. 1316 οὔτοι δυσοίζω, θάμνον ὡς ὄρνις, φόβῳ "AXλws, G. 4. 353 “O gemitu non frustra exterrita tanto." There is force in the position of 'mater.' 371.] Schrader conj. 'diro,' which Heyne prefers; but 'durus' is an ordinary epithet of war, as in 10. 146, and it may be meant 375 4 Volcanum adloquitur, thalamoque haec coniugis aureo here to point a contrast with Venus' nature; , 372.] The meaning apparently is that they have retired for the night to their golden chamber, like the Homeric Gods, Il. 1. 606 foll. 'Haec incipit' 11. 705. 373.] Imitated from Lucr. 1. 38 foll., which Cerda comp. "Hunc tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto Circumfusa super suavis ex ore loquelas Funde, petens placidam Romanis, incluta, pacem." 'Dictis' dat.; Venus breathes on her words the spirit of love. The request of Venus is modelled on that of Thetis to Hephaestus, Il. 18. 369 foll., her blandishments on those practised by Here on Zeus Il. 14. 159 foll. 374.] Vastabant' is used vaguely in reference to the whole course of the siege. 'Reges Pelasgi" 1. 624. 66 375.] Debita' is explained by 'vastabant' or 'bello,' due to destruction. Wagn. comp. 9. 107 "tempora Parcae Debita conplerant," i. e. coupleri debita," G. 1. 223, Debita quam sulcis committas semina," i. e." committi debita" or "debita sulcis." The word, like 'casuras,' gives the reason why she had not made the request: and so "incassum," v. 378. 'Ignibus' with 'casuras,' not, as has been thought, with 'vastabant.' 376.] Miseris,' the Trojans, implied in Pergama' and 'arces.' Serv. remarks "Atqui honestum est miseris subvenire; sed hoc dicit, Cur te fatigarem pro hominibus fati necessitate perituris? " We may say that 'miseris' shows the strong inducement Venus had to make a request which she nevertheless forbore. The sense of 'arma' seems to be fixed by v. 383; but the connexion of the word in this sense with the genitive artis opisque tuae' is rather harsh, so that otherwise we might have preferred to take it generally, the weapons (resources) of thy art and power. 377.] Exercere' of setting a person to work 1. 431. Te tuosve labores' pleonastically like "me meumque caput," v. 144. 378.] Med. originally had 'incassumque.' 379.] Priami natis' is understood by Serv. as referring specially to Paris: but Virg. may merely have thought of the Homeric Πριάμοιο παῖδες. Donatus oddly supposes Creusa to be meant. 380.] The Codex Minoraugiensis has 'dolorem,' which is plausible: but Virg occasionally repeats words at short intervals elsewhere, and we must recollect that the Aeneid is an unfinished poem. 381.] Cod. Min. and some others have 'inperio,' which was apparently read by Serv. "Inperio Iovis huc venio " 5. 726. "Consistere terra 6. 807. دو 382.] Eadem' merely nevertheless, admitting her change of conduct. See Madv. § 488, who quotes from Cic. Off. (not Legg.) 1. 24, "Inventi multi sunt qui vitam pro patria profundere parati essent, iidem gloriae iacturam ne minimam quidem facere vellent." "Supplex venio" 11.365. 'Sanctum mihi numen' has caused some difficulty, Schrader conjecturing "sanctum tibi nomen" in apposition with 'genetrix,' while Ribbeck reads "sanctum mihi nomen from Gud., and perhaps originally Pal., throwing the words into a parenthesis. But there is some force in the omission of tuum,' which seems to denote a reverential distance, a deity I have ever revered.' Virg. was doubtless thinking of Hephaestus' language, Il. 18. 394 pá vú μοι δεινή τε καὶ αἰδοίη θεὸς ἔνδον. For 'numen rogo' comp. "supplex tua numina posco" 1. 666. 383.] Virg.'s art has hardly succeeded in concealing the indelicacy of Venus' asking a favour for the offspring of her Te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx. adultery. Probably he thought of the language of Zeus to Here, II. 14. 315 foll. Thetis weeps in addressing Hephaestus, II. 18. 428. 384.] Tithonia coniunx' like "Aeneia nutrix 7. 1. The request of Eos for arms for her son Memnon doubtless formed part of the Aethiopis. The arms of Memnon have been glanced at 1. 489, 751. 385.] Clausis portis,' a sign of war, as Serv. remarks on 2. 27, quoting this passage. Moenia ferrum acuant 'like "urbes tela novant" 7. 629, comp. by Serv. 386.] In me' is the germ of the exaggeration which appears fully developed in 10. 29. 388.] Cunctantem:' he was not persuaded at first, though afterwards he speaks as if he had had no hesitation. Lacertis is instrumental, amplexu' perhaps modal: or we may say that amplexu molli fovet' has the force of "molliter amplectitur." The expression is like "linguis micat ore trisulcis" G. 3. 439 (note).-Comp. generally the passage from Lucr. quoted on v. 373. 6 390.] Rom. and others have 'calefacta.' 'Labefactus' is a Lucretian word, = "solutus:" comp. the whole passage Lucr. 3.592-602. Under other circumstances Virg. might have thought it an unduly strong expression: here it reminds us of the natural hardness of the bones. We have had it in a similar but slightly more metaphorical sense 4. 395. 391.] The passion thrills through his being with the speed of lightning. Med. has haud secus.' 'Olim cum' i. q. "si quando:" see on G. 2. 403. Rupta' seems to include the two notions of bursting forth, as in 7. 569, and being rent or produced by the act of rending, which agrees with the conception of rima.' Tonitru' prob. instrum., the thunder being regarded : 385 390 as the cause of the explosion but it may be modal like "vento "G. 1. 431. 'Corusco' with lumine.' 392.] Virg. conceives of the lightning as a sudden rent made across the dark atmosphere of cloud. Comp. 1. 123 “rimis fatiscunt" of rents in the sides of vessels. The Lucretian account of the origin of lightning (6. 96 foll.) constantly reiterates the notion of the bursting of the clouds (see vv. 138, 203, 283, &c.), and Virg. varies it by supposing the lightning to be not the thing that issues through the rent but the rent itself. Perhaps Virg. was thinking specially of Lucr. 6. 282 foll. "maturum tum quasi fulmen Perscindit subito nubem, ferturque coruscis Omnia luminibus lustrans loca percitus ardor." 393.] The object of sensit' is to be supplied from 'dolis' and 'formae :' she perceived the success of her blandishments and the effect of her beauty. Thus it is not strictly parallel to 2. 377, though it has something in common with it. Virg. was thinking of δολοφρονέουσα 11. 14. 300, 329, as Cerda remarks. There is also some resemblance to 4. 128, "dolis risit Cytherea repertis," comp. by Heyne, though there the stratagem is not her own, but Juno's, which she has detected. 394.] Devictus,' the reading before Heins., is the original reading of Gud., and the corrected one of Pal., and is supported by Lucr. 1. 34, which Virg. evidently had in his mind, "aeterno devictus volnere amoris," devinctus 'there having no higher authority than a quotation in the Schol. on Statius: see Lachm. in loco. But Virg. may well have wished to change the metaphor for variety's sake, just as he has substituted amore' for "volnere amoris." 'Aeterno' shows that Vulcan is overcome by a power as mighty as himself. Quid caussas petis ex alto? fiducia cessit 395.] Ex alto petere' is a phrase for going far back. Comp. Attius Arm. Iud. fr. 14, "Cur vetera tam ex alto appetissis discidia, Agamemno?" So G. 4. 285, "Altius omnem Expediam prima repetens ab origine famam." Fiducia cessit Quo tibi:' comp. 2. 595, "quonam nostri tibi cura recessit?" G. 4. 324, "quo tibi nostri Pulsus amor?” and with the sentiment generally 5. 800. Fiducia mei like 'generis fiducia" 1. 132. 396.] Similis si cura fuisset,' had you felt the same anxiety, meaning, had you made the same request. 397.] Heins. objected to the repetition of 'fuisset,' wishing either to read' subisset' in the previous line, as in 9. 757, or to expunge the present line altogether: Jahn however thinks with justice that the repetition gives symmetry and point to the sentence. It may be said in fact to bring out the notion of the correspondence of the will of fate with that of Venus, which Vulcan wishes to express. So far as any definite theological meaning is to be attached to this and the two following lines, it seems to be that the fate of Troy might have been delayed, had Venus wished it, though not averted, a view agreeing with the language of Virg. elsewhere, 1. 299., 7. 313 foll., 10. 624 foll. "Teucros' seems to be put for Aeneas alone, by a rhetorical exaggeration. Pal. originally had 'Teucros nobis.' 398.] Jupiter is made co-ordinate with fate, if not the disposer of it, as in 10.632. Serv. says that, according to the Etruscan books, the postponement of imminent evils is to be sought from Jupiter in the first instance, from the fates in the second. He adds from the same or a similar source, that destiny was supposed to be capable of being delayed for ten years, a strange notion, but one which may have formed part 395 400 405 of Virg.'s multifarious knowledge. 'Vetabant' is apparently used in its proper sense: the fates did not forbid, if you had only known it.' Not unlike is Hor. 1 Od. 27. 19, "Quanta laborabas Charybdi," you were struggling all this while.' 399.] With 'decem alios' we may perhaps comp. 5. 378, "Quaeritur huic alius," and the phrases τοιοῦτος ἄλλος, τοιοῦτος Tepos, "alius" being nearly i. q. "alter." 400.] He adopts Venus' identification of herself with Aeneas. Mens,' intention, as in 10. 182., 12. 554. 401. In arte mea' seems to mean 'within the range of my art.' 402.] Quod' relative clause after v. 401. For 'potest' some MSS. (including two of Ribbeck's) and early editions give potestur,' an archaic form introduced in ignorance of the quantity of electro.' Comp. 9. 9. 'Electro' G. 3. 522. Here it is the metal, compounded of gold and silver. 403.] 'Animae,' the air blowing the bellows, v. 449. The Homeric Hephaestus has no assistants but his purai, which seem to act of themselves when he sets them to work, Il. 18. 468 foll. Instead of regularly completing the sentence, Virg. has introduced a clause of equivalent meaning, 'absiste' &c. "Absiste moveri" 6. 399. 404.] Indubitare,' as Serv. remarks, appears to occur in no earlier writer. Stat. Silv. 3. 5. 110 has "ingratus qui plura adnecto tuisque Moribus indubito," doubtless imitating Virg. The construction, which seems peculiar, not to say irregular, may perhaps be compared with "fatis incerta feror" 4. 110. "Dubitare in aliqua re seems a possible construction, though no instances of it are quoted. وو 405.] Dedit amplexus' 1.687. 'Petivit Coniugis infusus gremio per membra soporem. per membra soporem' like "dedit per membra quietem" v. 30 above. ་ 406.] Infusum,' an old reading mentioned by Serv., is found in Pal. (originally) and in Rom. apparently from a correction. 407-453.] Vulcan wakes early and goes to the workshop in his island, where he finds the Cyclops making thunderbolts, and bids them prepare a suit of armour for Aeneas. They begin immediately.' 407.] "Inde ubi prima fides" 3. 69. Rest is said to drive out sleep, the meaning being that the first sleep has come to an end, and the sleeper wakes, indisposed to sleep again. As in 2. 268, there is a mixture of prima quies,' first sleep, and "ubi primum." Medio curriculo' is a temporal or local abl., in the middle of the course. 'Abactae' nearly i. q. "abeuntis," with a further notion of being driven in a car, like "Nox horis acta" 3. 512. 408.] Virg. seems to have taken hints for this simile from three other comparisons, one in Hom., Il. 12. 433 foll., the other two in Apoll. R., 3. 291 foll., 4. 1062 foll., though the point of the comparison here is different from that of any of its predecessors. 409.] "Colo calathisve Minervae" 7.805. "Tolerare vitam,' as we talk of sustaining or supporting life, like “perfacile angustis tolerarit finibus aevum" Lucr. 2. 1171. So Plaut. Trin. 2. 2. 57, "tolerare eius egestatem volo.” The construction with the abl., which again corresponds to our idiom, is found in Caesar, Pliny, &c. • Minerva, the goddess of spinning for the act of spinning, like Ceres, Bacchus, &c., Ov. M. 4. 33 has "intempestiva turbantes festa Minerva," probably in imitation of Virg. On 'tenui' Serv. says "non filo tenui, id est, subtili artificio, sed parvo pretio lanificii, id est, tenuiter et exiliter 410 412.] Med. has 'exercens.' "Nocturna carpentes pensa puellae G. 1. 390. 'Castum servare cubile,' "ne cogatur propter paupertatem pudorem deserere Serv. Comp. the words of the epitaph "domi mansit, lanam fecit." 413.] Educere' i. q. "educare:" see on 6. 765. The sense is from Il. 12. 435, Iva maioìv åeikéa μioldv åpηtαι. Igni 414.] Virg., as Wagn. remarks, originally intended simply to indicate the time of Vulcan's rising, but, having dwelt on the circumstances of the housewife's rising to work, he ends by a comparison. potens' v. 423, &c. It may be questioned whether tempore illo' means 'at that time,' 'segnior' referring to the comparison with the woman, or than that time,' something like πλείω τοῦ ξυνεύδοντος xpóvov Aesch. Ag. 894, for πλеíw † κATÀ TÒV ξυνεύδοντα χρόνον. We might have expected 'illa,' in which case 'tempore segnior' would have been taken more sluggish in respect of time' (comp. 7. 383, G. 2. 275); but there seems to be no variation in the MSS. |