Perfudit toto proruptus corpore sudor. Arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit; 462.] Super,' to crown all ("insignem aliquam accessionem denotat," Wagn.). Turnus' natural sentiment seems to be distinguished, not very happily, from his preternatural fury for war. For a more successful picture of a mixture of feelings comp. 12. 666 foll. The following simile is a Virgilian amplification of three very homely lines in which Hom., Il. 21. 362 foll., describes the boiling of the Xanthus when attacked by Hephaestus. There is an effort throughout to raise the subject by dignified language-Magno sonore 'virgea flamma' 'aeni' 'latices'. 'aquai ''amnis.' Some touches also are taken from Lucr. 3. 294 foll., where the effect of anger is spoken of in metaphors borrowed from water and fire. 460 465 Vat., Rom., Gud. a m. s.). Serv. apparently says that Virg. wrote 'aquae vis,' and Tucca and Varius introduced the diaeresis a gloss in the MS. known as the primus Moreti represents Tucca as having introduced aquae vis.' Both are evidently old readings, and we must decide on internal grounds. Aquae vis' would involve the trajection of 'atque,' which is not in Virg.'s manner (see on E. 6. 38), so that Heins. and later editors seem right in reading 'aquai,' and supposing that it was changed to avoid the archaism and perhaps the separation of 'aquai-amnis.' supposed third reading, aquae amnis,' seems to rest on a corruption in the text of Serv. For the position of 'fumidus' comp. that of " spumeus " 2. 419., 11. 626. Fumidus' in fact goes closely with furit.' The 465.] Fumus' of steam G. 2. 217. 'Aquai amnem like 66 aquae rivum E. 8. 87. 'Amnis' of river water 12. 417. So'fontes' 2. 686. 466.] Vapor ater,' dense steam. "Nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt Lucr. 3. 298. Trapp remarks on the effect produced by the number of short words, as if the line could not contain its component parts. 467.] Polluta pace' seems to refer to the breach of the peace by Turnus, not, as some have thought, to the breach of covenant charged by Turnus on Latinus. Turnus in fact invades Latium with an army, intending to make war on Latins and Trojans both (v. 470), though, as it happens, he finds the Latins willing to join him. 'Polluta:' see on 3. 61. 468.] 'Parari'-'tutari '—' detrudere :' for a similar change of construction see 3. 60, 61., 5. 773, E. 6. 85. Primis iuvenum,' 8. 105., 9. 785, the captains of his army. Tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem; Se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque. 470 Hunc decus egregium formae movet atque iuventae, Hunc atavi reges, hunc claris dextera factis. Dum Turnus Rutulos animis audacibus inplet, 475 Allecto in Teucros Stygiis se concitat alis, Ut cervum ardentes agerent; quae prima laborum 475-539.] As Ascanius is hunting, Allecto throws in his way a pet stag belonging to the family of Latinus' chief herdsman, which he kills. The herdsman's daughter rouses her father and the neighbours. A battle ensues: one of the herds man's sons is killed, and also a wealthy land-owner.' 475.] Comp. θάρσος πλῆσε φρένας, Ι. 17. 573. Macrob. Sat. 5. 17 and others have objected to the incident of the stag as too trivial, as if there were any thing unnatural in a small spark causing a large train to explode, or as if the contrast itself were not an element of greatness. Heyne suggests that Virg. may have thought of Soph.'s story of Agamemnon and the stag at Aulis. 480 wiles, opp. to those which she had practised on Amata and Turnus. It is the Homeric ἔνθ ̓ αὖτ ̓ ἄλλ ̓ ἐνόησε. So 1. 657. Wagn. and later editors, on the suggestion of Heyne, place a full stop at 'alis' and a comma at Iulus,' making arte nova refer to what follows and begin a new sentence of which Cocytia virgo' is the nom. But this is awkward, especially with regard to 'hic.' If there be any difficulty in speculata locum,' said of the moment when she took wing ('se concitat alis '), it may be removed by comparing v. 289. 'Quo litore,' in which part of the shore, litore' being the antecedent repeated in another form. Serv. says strangely that Virg. has only used this mode of expression once. Fabricius refutes him by comparing v. 409, muros, quam urbem." "Classem quo litore linquant" 1. 517. "Pulcher Iulus" 5. 570. 478.] Insidiis cursuque,' by snares and by running down. "Feras agitare” 11. 686. 479.] There is apparently a confusion between the physical image of presenting an incitement, and the mental one of exciting a feeling (comp. veikos éμßaλeîv and similar expressions). For rabiem ' see on v. 493 below. 480.] Noto odore,' ". cervino: solent enim ita institui," Serv., referring to Hor. 1 Ep. 2. 65 foll. 481.] Contingit ut agent' Madv. § 382 obs. 3. Prima labam caussa' Il. 22. 116 (of the abduction of Helen) 1⁄2τ ἔπλετο νείκεος ἀρχή. The old reading before Pierius and Heins. was malorum,' which is the second reading of Med. Probably it came from 4. 169, where again there is a variant laborum.' Virg. is Caussa fuit belloque animos accendit agrestis. 483.] Forma praestanti,' attrib. abl., not with 'ingens' as Serv. thinks. "Ingentior armis" 11. 124. Gossrau remarks that the expression is a proper one here, as the height of the horns contributes to the size of the stag. 6 6 484.] "Depulsus ab ubere matris " G. 3. 187. "Ab ubere raptos " 6. 428. 485.] Nutribant :' Madv. § 115 b. Ribbeck restores Tyrrhus' for Tyrrheus' from all the best MSS. except perhaps fragm. Vat. (Med. has 'Tyrrus,' Tyrridae'). The lengthening of the penult of the patronymic is supported by Belidae" 2. 82, which however, as is there mentioned, is noted by Priscian as an exception to the rule. On the whole it seems safer to follow analogy, even in the face of the MSS., which in the case of proper names are notoriously untrustworthy. Tyrrheus seems to have been the name of the herdsman at whose house Lavinia brought forth Silvius. See Serv. on 6. 760. 486.]Late,' Med. (second reading), Gud. (first reading), and two other of Ribbeck's cursives, 'lati' Rom., fragm. Vat. and Verona, Med. (first reading), Gud. (second reading). The first seems preferable in spite of its inferiority in external evidence, as more likely to have been altered. Comp. 1. 21, "late regem," and v. 737 below, "late dicione premebat Sar 485 490 66 rastis populos." Serv. remarks that Tyrrheus is "saltuarius" as well as magister pecoris." 487.] Soror' with reference to 'pueri' and 'pater.' Adsuetus inperiis' is a sort of paraphrase of " mansuetus," which is expanded further v. 490 below. Serv. remarks of Silvia' "bonum puellae rusticae nomen formavit ;” but the name was doubtless chosen from its connexion with early Italian history, e. g. Rea Silvia and Silvius Aeneas. 488.] Omni cura' with 'ornabat,' which governs 'adsuetum inperiis.' • Intexens cornua sertis' explains omni cura.' But Virg. has chosen to make the position of his words confused. 'Ornabat,' the care specified being of an ornamental character. "Hortos quae cura colendi ornaret" G. 4. 118. 489.] Ferum' 2. 51 note. Here it is singularly inappropriate, unless we suppose Virg. to be representing it as turned by these endearments from wild to tame. 490.] Manum patiens' i. q. "mansuetus,” χειροήθης. 491.] Comp. the description of the goats G. 3. 314 foll., and also E. 4. 21. 492.] Quamvis' with 'sera:' however late it was, he found his way home of himself ( ipse '). "Multa referunt se nocte " G. 4. 180. Deflueret, ripaque aestus viridante levaret. 495.] The connexion of the clauses by 'que' implies that the stag was floating and reposing on the bank alternately, leaving it uncertain which he was doing at the moment when the hounds came upon him. This approaches to the same class of cases as 6. 616, where 'que' couples the actions of different agents, as it does here those of the same agent at different times. 'Aestus' connects the sense of the two clauses. 496.] Laudis amor,' 5. 394: comp. G. 3. 112. 497.] Curvo cornu,' bending his bow. Ribbeck reads 'derexit' from Rom. and fragm. Vat. and Gud. a m. p., as in every other passage in Virg. where dirigere occurs, except 6. 57. The testimony of the MSS. is by no means uniform in these passages, and in a case where confusion is so common (see G. 2. 8 &c.) it is rather hazardous to obtrude a new word upon the dictionaries. 6 498.] Erranti,' i. e. "ita ut erraret:" comp. 3. 237 and countless instances in Greek tragedy. 'Deus' used generally, like ovv de Il. 9. 49 &c. 'Afuit,' restored by Heins. for 'abfuit,' is the reading of all Ribbeck's MSS. but a single cursive. Wagn. remarks that the Latins avoided the combination "abf," saying " aufero and "aufugio" for "abfero" and "abfugio." Comp. 8. 147. 499.] With venit arundo' Cerda comp. ΙΙ. 16. 478, ήλυθ' ακωκή. 495 500 505 Dryden in his Annus Mirabilis talks of the 'beseeching eyes' of a hunted stag. "Gemitu tectum omne replebat" 2. 679. 503.] Lacertus' is the upper part of the arm (opp. to "bracchium," the lower), striking which with the hand of the other arm seems to have been an expression of grief. No other instance however is quoted but Claudian Rapt. Pros. 2. 248, " planctuque lacertos Verberat." For the con struction see on 4. 590. 504.] 'Conclamat' i. q. "clamore convocat :" comp. Ov. M. 13. 73, "Conclamat socios," Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3. 4. 506.] Inprovisi,' before Silvia looked for them. "Inprovisi aderunt" 2. 182. Torre obusto' i. q. "sudibus praeustis v. 524, a stake with its end hardened in the fire. Comp. Il. 13. 564, &OTE OKŵλOS TupínavσTOS. So 11. 894, "Stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis." 507.] Stipitis gravidi nodis' for "stipite nodis gravido," 'gravidus' not being synonymous with "gravis." Comp. 8. 220, nodisque gravatum Robur." Rom. and some others have "repertum est." 508.] Rimanti,' groping about: comp. G. 1. 384. Telum ira facit' like "furor arma ministrat" 1. 150. Vocat,' leads them to the attack: comp. 2. 614. E Quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis. 509.] Quadrifidam' with 'scindebat.' 'Coactis,' driven together, so as to meet in the centre. The words 'cuneis coactis' are used in a totally different sense 12. 457. "Cuneis scindere" 6. 181, G. 1. 144. 510.] Spirans inmane,' panting with savage rage. The expression is probably indicative of rustic anger. 511.] E speculis nacta:' she was in the woods (v. 505), and on the look out. 512.] De culmine summo,' G. 1. 402. 513.] Alluding to a rustic and primitive practice of giving the alarm with a horn in case of sudden danger. Heyne remarks that the Comitia Centuriata were convoked by the sound of a horn. Cornu' is here i. q. 'bucina,' the shape of which, exactly answering to 'recurvus,' may be seen in Dict. A. s. v. For the use of the 'bucina' by herdsmen comp. Prop. 5. 10. 29, "Nunc intra muros (Veiorum) pastoris bucina lenti Cantat." Pastoralis' recurs v. 817 below. 'Signum canere' is a phrase (Freund s. v. Cano'), and signum is sometimes the subject of 'canit, which is used intransitively see on 10. 310. : 514.] Med. a m. p. and Rom. have 'incendit, which Wagn. is inclined to adopt; comp. 9. 500., 10.895., 11. 147. Intendere vocem' is to strain the voice (comp. "contenta voce dicere,” Teiveι Owvýv), and 'intendere vocem cornu' to strain the voice with or on the horn, blows a loud blast of her Tartarean voice on the horn. Heyne remarks that this blast of Allecto may have been suggested by the shout of Eris, Il. 11. 10 foll. (where ἄλληκτον πολεμίζειν occurs). But the passage obviously imitated in what follows is Apoll. R. 4. 127 foll. (of the hiss of the dragon), auol dè μaкpal Ηιόνες ποταμοῖο, καὶ ἄσπετον ἴαχεν ἄλσος. 510 515 520 'Protinus' "EKλvov ot woλλdv ékás &c. 515.] Intonuere,' the reading of two of Ribbeck's cursives, and others, was read before Wagn. "Silvas profundas” Lucr. 5. 41, height and depth being the same thing viewed differently: comp. E. 4. 51. Here 'profundae' goes closely with ‘insonuere.' 516.] This is more local than the parallel in Apoll. R., and therefore characteristic of Virgil. Triviae lacus' is the lake near the grove and temple of Diana at Aricia: comp. v. 761. Audiit etaudiit:' see on E. 4. 6. Rom. has Audit et Troiae-audit et amnis,' an aberration which may warn us against over-estimating its authority in such passages as 5. 274. 517.] Sulfurea' explains 'albus.' Virg. doubtless thought of Enn. A. 7. fr. 19, "Sulfureas posuit spiramina Naris ad undas." Fontes Velini' appears to be the "lacus Velinus" in the hills beyond Reate and close to the Nar, at least seventy miles from the Trojan camp. The limit may be merely poetical, or it may designate loosely the Sabine country as the extremity of the confederacy. 518.] Apoll. R. 4. 136 foll., Aelμati d' ἐξέγροντο λεχωίδες, ἀμφὶ δὲ παισὶ Νηπιάχοις, οἵτε σφιν ὑπ ̓ ἀγκαλίδεσσιν ἴαυον, Ροίζῳ παλλομένοις, χεῖρας βάλον ἀσχαAówσal. 519.] "Ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit " 3. 669. 'Qua' after' vocem.' 520.] Enn. A. 3. fr. 7 has "ansatis concurrunt undique telis." But there 'concurrunt means 'engage, here collect. |