[THE system of Tournefort has uncommon merit. The classes are taken from the regularity and the figure of the corolla: the orders from the situation of the flower, above or beneath the germ, with the title of pistil or calyx passing into the fruit. The 4th, the 5th, the 7th, the 9th, the 10th, the 13th, and the 14th classes of this method are nearly natural assemblages.-See Part I. pages 104 and 144.]

B

[THE method of this writer made its appearance in a work entitled Methodus Plantarum Genuina, printed at Halle, in 1716. Knaut preferred number to regularity, and may be said to have formed his system by inverting that of Rivinus. He considered the petals as the essence of a flower, and would not admit (what is admitted by all the modern botanits), that the perianth, the stamens, or the style, constitute a flower. But the existence of apetalous flowers (See Part I. page 132) plainly shows, that the opinion of our author is not well founded. He also asserted, that all seeds are covered, by a capsuie, and that a naked seed is not to be found, because in seeds, before they have arrived at maturity, a space is observed between the coat or bark and the substance. In the opinion of this author, the seeds of the Umbelliferous, Verticillate, and Compound flowers, are all monospermous capsules.]

[CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB LUDWIG, the author of this method, was a native of Silesia, and a professor at Leipsic. He was the author of several valuable works, among others of the Institutiones Historico Physicae Regno Vegetabilis, &c. Lipsiae : 1757. This is a work of considerable merit, to which I have often referred, in the preceding pages. Ludwig has endeavoured to combine together the very different methods of Rivinus and Linnæus.....The genus Ludigia (See Plate x.) was named in honour of this author, by Linnæus.]

[JULIUS PONTEDERA, the author of this method, was a noble Italian,

of Pisa.

nus.

He attempted to combine the systems of Tournefort and RiviSee Part I. page 104.]

Flower monopetalous

9

Vegetables.

Flower Di or Tripetalous. 10

Calyx External & Internal. Flower Tetrapetalous

Flower Polypetalous

II

12

See

[I HAVE already mentioned the method of this French botanist.

Part 1. page 144. He founded his system upon the perianth and the pericarp, both of which he included under the term calyx.-The noble genus of Magnolia was named in honour of this writer.]