eus), the florets of which are tubulous, and furnished with sta mens, and an imperfect style, or style without stigma. D. A ligulate petal of the female floret in the ray. E. The perfect stigma. F. The seed. G The male floret of the disk. H. The cylinder of five anthers, through which is protruded the female organ I, which however, is a style without a stigma. Accordingly, the seed cannot be fertilized without an intercourse taking place between the male floret of the centre and the female floret of the ray. Illustrative of the order Polygamia Necessaria of the class Syngenesia.-K. The unopened calyx with the contained corolla, &c. L. L. L. L. Small stem-leaves, or stipules. The principal leaves are radical.

PLATE. XXV.

PASSIFLORA incarnata, a native of the United-States. It is sometimes called Passion-flower, but more commonly May-ap-` ple. A. The three lobed (trilobum), and serrated (serratum) leaf. B. Another leaf supposed to be eaten off at the end, by some species of insect. C. C. Two glands, situated at the termination of the petiole (petiolus), or commencement of the leaves. These glands form a part of Linnæus's specifick character of this species of Passiflora, which he thus defines: "P. foliis serratis "aequalibus: petiolis biglandulosis."-D. D. Cirri, tendrils, or claspers. E. The five leaved calyx (perianthium pentaphyllum), coloured, and resembling petals. e. Glands, near the base of the flowers. F. One of the five petals of the corolla, which terminate obtusely and not in points, as do the leaves of the calyx. G. The nectary (nectarium), which is said "to crown the corolla". See Part 1. p. 147. H. The three styles. I. The germ, with the stamens below. The stamens are five in number, but only four of them are visible in this drawing.-Linnæus arranges this plant in the order Pentandria of the class Gynandria. By others,

it is thrown into the class Pentandria, and the order Trigynia; and by others again into the order Pentandria of the class Monadelphia.

PLATE XXVI.

CLEOME pentaphylla. The genus Cleome is arranged by Linnæus, in the class Tetradynamia, but the species which is here figured, is certainly not a Tetradynamous plant. A. A. The compound leaves (folia composita), which are quinate or digitate (folium quinatum, s. digitatum). a. a. a. a. a. The sessile leaflets (folia, sessilia.) B. B. Peduncles (pedunculi) supporting the pericarps, C. C., which are siliques. D. D. Perianths, which consist of four leaves (calyx tetraphyllus), from which arise the four petals, the claws (ungues) of which are very long, and linear. E. The six stamens of a fertile flower. F. The germ. G. The germ of an abortive flower. H. H. The six stamens. I. The corymb (corymbus) of flowers.-This plate may serve to illustrate the order Hexandria, of the class Gynandria.

PLATE XXVII.

FIG. 1. Betula populifolia, a native of Pennsylvania, and other parts of the United-States. A. A. The male ament, or catkin (amentum). B. B. The female flowers. C. C. Receptacles, such as support the male flowers.

FIG. 2. A portion of the Virginian Polypody, or MaleFern. This is a true dorsiferous Fern, the fructification being fastened upon the back of the frond. See Part 111. Class Cryptogamia. Page 166. A. A. Two of the fructifications upon the back of the frond.-Cryptogamia Filices.

FIG. 3. Clavaria Acrospermum, represented of the natural size, as growing upon old, dry wood.

FIG. 4. The same magnified.-These two figures, which may serve to illustrate the order Fungi in the class of Cryptogamia, are copied from Professor Hoffmann's Flora of Germany, or a Botanical Pocket-Companion for the year 1795, Volume II. Erlangen.

PLATE XXVIII.

SAGITTARIA sagittifolia, or Common Arrow-head. This is a very common plant in many parts of North-America, as well as in Europe and Asia.-A. A portion of the root and the commencement of the leaves.-Beside this root, there is always a bulb at the lower part of the root, growing in the solid earth, beneath the mud of the place in which the plant grows. This bulb, when boiled or roasted, is agreeable food, and the plant is cultivated by the Chinese.-B. The scape (scapus). b. Bractes (bractea). C. D. Petioles supporting the sagittate leaf (folium sagittatum). E. One of the female flowers in perfection, exhibiting the three-petalled corolla (corolla tripetala), and the styles. F. A female flower after the removal of the petals, exhibiting the three-leaved perianth (perianthium triphyllum), and the styles. f. A back view of a female flower. G. G. G. The perfect male flowers, exhibiting the three petals, and the many anthers. I. A back view of a male flower. H. One of the male flowers, not yet opened.

THIS plate is an excellent illustration of the Class Monoecia, and the order Polyandria. It may, also, serve to illustrate the class Polyandria, and the order Polygynia, to which division of the sexual method it is referred by Thunberg, Withering, Gmelin, and other writers.

PLATE XXIX.

FIG. 1. and Fig. 2. The male and female plants of the Acnida cannabina, a common plant in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, and other parts of the United-States. Fig. 1. The male. Fig. 2. The female. A. A. The spikes (spica) of flowers. a. A male flower, exhibiting the five petals, and the five stamens. b. The female flower, exhibiting the perianth, with the germ and five styles. c. The pericarp, which is a capsule (capsula). This is a good example of the class Dioecia and the order Pentandria. Gmelin and other writers have referred this plant to the class Pentandria, and the order Pentagynia.

ALL the figures, in the lower division of this plate, are different parts of the Veratrum album, or White-Hellebore, and are intended to illustrate the class Polygamia, and the order Monoecia. A. The hermaphrodite flower, exhibiting the six-petalled corolla (which Jussieu calls a calyx, "Calix æqualis coloratus"), with the six stamens, and three germs. B. The corolla without the stamens. C. The six stamens separated from the other parts. D. The three germs. E. The germ magnified. F. A stamen magnified. f. The anther. G. The male flower. I. The six stamens. H. h. The corolla of the male flower.

THIS plant is referred, by Gmelin and other writers, to the class Hexandria, and the order Trigynia.

PLATE XXX.

THE first four figures upon this plate are illustrative of the class Dodecandria; the remainder of the class Cryptogamia.

Fig. 1. A. B. C. D. E. Different parts of the Asarum canadense, or Canadian Asarabacca, commonly called Wild-Ginger, and sometimes Colts-foot. A. The germ below the calyx, and hid within the substance. B. The stellate or star-shaped stigma (stigma stellatum), six-parted (sex-partitum). b. b. Six of the twelve stamens: the other six have been removed, but the places which the filaments had occupied, are seen. C. The twelve filaments, inserted on the top of the germ. The filaments are subulate or awl-shaped (filamenta subulata), with the anthers joined near to the middle of the filaments. D. E. Two of the stamens, somewhat magnified.-Dodecandria Monogynia.

Fig. 2. The flower of Common Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria), of its natural size. Fig. 3. The same magnified. The corolla is five-petalled (pentapetala). The stamens are twelve, the styles two.--Dodecandria Digynia.

Fig. 4. Euphorbia Lathyris, or Caper-Spurge. The parts are magnified. A. The twelve stamens. B. The germ. b. b. The styles. a. The six stigmas.--Dodecandria Trigynia.

Fig. 4. Jeffersonia binata, mihi: Jeffersonia Bartonis of Michaux: Jeffersonia diphylla of Persoon, &c. The writers whom I have mentioned, have followed me in referring this legitimate genus to the class Octandria: but a more critical examination of the plant has convinced me, that it more properly belongs to the class Dodecandria (so far as that class may be permitted to stand); of which it is here offered as an illustration: or to the class Polyandria.-See page 63. note.

Fig. 5. A little turf of a Moss (the Bryum murale), in fructification. This is represented of the natural size.

Fig. 6. A detached individual of the same Moss, magnified. A. The stem. B. The capsule, to which Linnæus gave the erroneous name of anthera. This is the pyxidula of some writers.