238 Memoir of the Life of Count Rumford. [Oct 1, 14. Supplementary Observations relating to the Management of Fires in Closed Fire-places. nected with the object of his beneficent ples on which Warm Baths should he investigations, were rather distinguished constructed. for the useful application of which they were susceptible, than for their number. His only distinct publication was a series of detached essays which appeared at different times since the year 1796, and now amount to eighteen, forming four octavo volumes. Such of our readers as may not possess this work, which comprises a vast mass of practical information, will not be displeased to find a sketch of its contents subjoined : Essay I. Account of an Establishment for the Poor at Munich, together with a Detail of various Public Measures connected with that institution, which have been adopted and carried into effect, for putting an end to Mendicity, and introducing Order and useful Industry among the more indigent of the Inhabitants of Bavaria. 2. Of the Fundamental Principles on which General Establishments for the Relief of the Poor may be formed in all Countries. 3. Of Food, and particularly of Feed ing the Poor. 4. Of Chimney Fire-places, with Proposals for improving them to save Fuel; to render Dwelling-houses more comfortable and salubrious; and effectually to prevent Chimneys from smoking. 5. A Short Account of several Public Institutions lately formed in Bavaria, 6. On the Management of Fire, and the Economy of Fuel. 7. Of the Propagation of Heat in Fluids. 8. Of the Propagation of Heat in Various Substances, being an Account of a number of New Experiments made with a View to the Investigation of the Causes of the Warmth of Natural and Artificial Clothing. (First published in the Phil. Transactions.) 9. An Experimental Inquiry concern ing the Source of the Heat which is excited by Friction. 10. On the Construction of Kitchen Fire-places, and Kitchen Utensils, toge ther with Remarks and Observations relating to the various Processes of Cookery, and Proposals for improving that most useful Art. 11. Supplementary Observations concerning Chimney Fire-places. 12. Observations concerning the Salubrity of Warm Rooms in Cold Weather. 13. Observations concerning the Salubrity of Warm Bathing, and the Princi 15. Of the Use of Steam as a Vehicle for Transporting Heat from one Place to another. 16. Of the Management of Light in Illuminations; together with an Account of a new Portable Lamp. 17. An Inquiry concerning the Source of the Light which is manifested in the Combustion of Iuflammable Bodies. 18. Of the Excellent Qualities of Coffee, and the Art of making it in perfec tion. The title page to these Essays describes the author as Knight of the Or ders of the White Eagle and St. Stanis laus, Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor of State, and Lieutenant-General in the Service of his Most Serene Highness the Elector Palatine, Reigning Duke of Bavaria; Colonel of his Regiment of Artillery, and Commander-in-Chief of the General Staff of his Army; F.RS. Acad. R. Hiber. Berol. Elec. Boic. Palat. et Amer. Soc. The Count lost his wife before he quitted America. He has left one daugh ter, the issue of that union. A French paper, the Journal des De bats, in announcing his death, paid the following just tribute to his merits :"The natural philosophers of every country must admire his ingenious experiments on heat, light, combustion, steam, and numberless other subjects, respecting which he has greatly extended the limits of our knowledge. But what will shed superior lustre on his name, and render it dear to all the friends of huma nity, are his investigations on the subject of the poor, mendicity, and political economy. The soups named after him will ever be a benefit to the indigent classes. How many persons have been relieved by them from the horrors of want! Who is ignorant of his numerous improvements in fire-places, boilers, and heating by steam? Who has not heard of his houses of industry, workhouses, and of the Royal Institution of London? Few men have ever had so just a claim to the regret of the learned bodies who did honour to themselves by numbering him among their members; of the poor, whose condition he ameliorated; in word, of all classes of society, who will derive benefit from his useful labours." OR ROYAL ANECDOTES ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE PRIVATE HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS. NUMBER VII. Variis locis dispersa, in unum fasciculum redegi. BISHOP SHERLOCK. THIS excellent prelate being incapacitated from waiting on the king in person, made up for that deficiency by the following beautiful letter: Νον. 1, 1760. SIRE,Amidst the congratulations that surround the throne permit me to lay before your majesty a heart, which, though oppressed with age and infirmity, is no stranger to the joys of my country. When the melancholy news of the late king's demise reached us it naturally led us to consider the loss we had sustained, and upon what our hopes of futurity depended. The first part excited grief and put all the tender passions into motion; but the second brought life and spirit with it, and wiped the tears from every face. Oh! bow graciously did the providence of God provide for a successor able to bear the weight of government in that unexpected eveut. You, sir, are the person whom the people ardently desire; which affection of theirs is happily returned by your majesty's declared concern for their prosperity, and let nothing disturb this mutual consent. Let there be but one contest between them-whether the king loves the people best, or the people him and may it be a long, very long, contest; may it never be decided; but let it remain doubtful; and may the paternal affection on the one side, and the filial affection on the other, be had in perpetual remembrance. This will probably be the last time I shall ever trouble your majesty. I beg leave to express my warmest wishes and prayers on your behalf. May the God of heaven and earth have you always under his protection, and direct you to seek his honour and glory in all you do; and may you reap the benefit of it by an increase of happiness in this world and in the next." The venerable writer of this affecting epistle died in July following, at the advanced age of eighty-four, without having been able to pay his personal respects to the new sovereign; and it is worthy of observation that the same year was remarkably fatal to the episcopal bench in the death of Headley, of Winchester, Sherlock, of London, and Gilbert, of York. A REVEREND PATRIOT. One of the first acts performed by the young monarch after his accession to the throne was to issue an order prohibiting any of the clergy who should be called to preach before him from paying him any compliment in their discourses. His majesty was led to this from the fulsome adulation which Dr. Thomas Wilson, prebendary of Westminster thought proper to deliver in the chapel royal, and for which, instead of thanks, he received from his royal auditor so pointed a reprimand that the reverend orator from that moment became a flaming patriot. The doctor took part with John Wilkes, was made livery-man of the joiners' company, and lavished large sums upon Catherine Macaulay, the republican historian, in whose honour he was silly enough to cause a marble monument to be erected in his church at Walbrook, though before he died he caused it to be removed, not indeed so much from a sense of the impropriety of the thing, as out of resentment to the lady, who had displeased him by her marriage. ROYAL VIRTUE. When the parliament was dissolved six months after his majesty's accession, he took an early opportunity of informing all his ministers that no money should be spent to procure the election of members favourable to the govern ment, saying at the same time, that "he would be tried by his country." This gave occasion to the following lines: Tried by your country! to your people's love, Am able prince, so soon appeal; Stay till the tender sentiments improve, Ripening to gratitude from zeal. Years hence (yet, ah! too soon) shall Britain 240 Interesting Epistle-Royal Voyage. but perhaps it is not generally known that he was guided in it by a particular circumstance. This incident was as follows. During the seven years' war, the territories of Mecklenburg were considerably injured by the depredations of the contending partics, and the Prussians were by no means remarkable for their moderation, which induced the Princess Charlotte, though then very young, to address an expostulatory letter to the great Frederick; of which the following is a correct translation. May it please your Majesty, "I am at a loss whether I should congratulate or condole with you on your Tate victories, since the same success which has covered you with laurels, has overspread the country of Mecklenburg with desolation. I know, Sire, that it seems unbecoming my sex, in this age of vicious refinement, to feel for one's country, to lament the horrors of war, or wish for the return of peace. I know you may think it more properly my province to study the arts of pleasing, or to inspect subjects of a more domestic nature; but however unbecoming it may be in me, I cannot resist the desire of interceding for this unhappy people. It was but a very few years ago that this territory wore the most pleasing appear ance. The country was cultivated, the peasant looked cheerful, and the towns abounded with riches and festivity. What an alteration at present from such a charming scene! I am not expert at description; nor can my fancy add any horrors to the picture; but surely even Conquerors themselves would weep at the hideous prospects now before me. The whole country--my dear country lies one frightful waste, presenting only objects to excite terror, pity, and despair. The occupation of the husbandman and the shepherd are quite discontinued; the husbandman and the shep herd are become soldiers themselves, and help to ravage the soil they formerly cultivated. The towns are inhabited only by old men, women, and children; perhaps here and there a warrior, by wounds or loss of limbs rendered unfit for service, left at his door; his little children hang round him-ask the history of every wound-and grow themselves soldiers before they find strength for the field. But this were nothing, did we not feel the alternate insolence of each army, as it happens to advance or retreat, in pursuing the operations of the campaign; it is impossible to express [Oct. 1, the confusion even those who call them- This letter having been handed about the higher circles in Germany, found its way to England, where the effect of it was such as to excite a lively sentiment in the mind of the heir-apparent towards the writer, which produced a correspondence, and finally a happy union. A ROYAL VOYAGE. Lord Anson sailed to fetch the queen the 8th of August, 1761, and arrived at Stade on the 15th. Her majesty made her public entry into that place on the 22d, and on the 24th went on board the Royal Charlotte yacht, the garrison firing above 120 guns, and all the vessels saluting. The following is from the journal of an officer on board. "At halfpast ten she came in sight in the Admiralty barge, with the royal standard of England flying in the bow, preceded by Lord Anson's barge, with the union flag in her bow. The Royal Charlotte yacht was dressed in the different colours of all nations, to receive her; and the moment she came on board they were down in one instant, and the royal standard was hoisted on the main-topmast head, the anchor of hope (or Admiralty flag) on the fore-topmast head, and the union on the mizen-topmast head, which made the finest sight I ever saw. The Lynx now hoisted the admiral's flag, and gave the signal, on which all the ships saluted with a royal salute of twenty-one guns each. The queen said, "Can I be wor thy of these honours?" which shewed that she was so in reality. This drew tears from the Duchess of Ancaster, to whom and the Duchess of Hamilton, when they were introduced and were kneeling to kiss her hand, she as nobly said, "She hoped friendship might take place of ceremony between them;" and saluted them. When the queen was got on board, the wind began to blow fresher, The yacht lay at anchor all that day. The queen's second brother, a very fine youth, was with her in the Royal Char lotte." 1814.] The Coronation-Abp. Secker-Noble Resolution, &c. of Lord Abercorn, where she slept. This nobleman was remarkable through life for his pride and his bluntness, which sometimes degenerated into ill manners. Of this he gave a proof when he next appeared at court; for, the king thanking him very politely for the entertainment which he had given to her majesty, asked if she had not occasioned a great deal of trouble. "Yes, indeed," replied his lordship, more than was agreeable." THE CORONATION. The king's whole behaviour at the coronation was justly admired and commended by every one, aud particularly his manner of ascending and seating himself on his throne after his coronation. No actor in the character of Pyrrhus in the Distressed Mother, not even Booth himself, who was celebrated for it in the Spectator, ever ascended the throne with so much grace and dignity. There was another particular, which those only could observe who sat near the commumion table, as did the prebendaries of Westminster. When the king approached the communion table in order to receive the sacrament, he inquired of the archbishop whether he should not lay aside his crown? The archbishop asked the Bishop of Rochester, but neither of them knew or could say what had been the usual form. The king determined within himself that humility best became such a solemn act of devotion, and took off his crown, and laid it down during the administration. ARCHBISHOP SEcker. It is observable of this eminently pious prelate, that he had the honour of bapting his present majesty, confirming him when Prince of Wales, marrying him at St. James's, and crowning him at Westminster; besides which he christened the present Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and some others of the royal family, a series of distinguished circumstances, which can hardly be paralleled in the history of any other archbishop. NOBLE RESOLUTION. Young as the monarch was, he would not suffer his mind to be dazzled by the splendour of victories in America and Germany, but he prudently listened to pacific counsels, though in so doing he acted contrary to the advice of the inost popular statesmen, and even to the sentiments of the people, who were infatuated by successes which added to the glory of the nation without increasing its riches or contributing to its security. The war minister, finding that his influence declined, threatened to resign; and when NEW MONTHLY MAG,-No. 9. 241 this was represented to the king as a measure which might be attended with unpleasant circumstances, his majesty replied, "I am determined not to be the only slave in a country where it is my wish to see all the people free." AMBITION MORTIFIED. On the death of the Earl of Egremont in August, 1763, a change of administration took place, previously to which, his Majesty sent for Mr. Pitt, and desired him to make the necessary arrangements; but so elated was he with the prospect before him, that he ventured to make the following demands:-Himself to be secretary of state, and to have the disposal of all offices; Earl Temple to be first lord of the treasury, with three of his friends at the board; the Duke of Cumberland at the head of the army, with the power of naming the secretary at war; the Duke of Newcastle and his friends to be in the cabinet; and every man who had been concerned in making the peace, or voting for it, except Lord Halifax, to be displaced. On hearing this preposterous proposal, his majesty said, "Sir, I believe, from my feelings as a man, I have offered as great sacrifices as ever monarch submitted to, merely for the good of my people, whose minds have been poisoned by ambitious and designing men; but you want to reduce me to such a situation, by disavowing my own act, and what approves, and by giving up my friends my heart to a vain and factious resentment, that I should be unworthy of ever having another friend; and you yourself must first despise, and then distrust me. No, sir, before I submit to these conditions, I will first put the crown on your head, and then submit my neck to the axe." LIBERAL PURSUITS. The king evinced very early a ripened taste for literature and the arts, of which the following is a proof given in a letter from a celebrated virtuoso and antiquary at Rome, dated Oct. 16, 1762. "Nothing gives me more satisfaction than to find so many fine things purchased for the king of Great Britain. He is now master of the best collection of drawings in the world, having purchased two or three capital collections in this city; the last belonging to Cardinal Albanis, for fourteen thousand crowns, consists of three thousand large volumes, one third of which are original drawings of the best masters; the others, collections of the most capital engravings. And lately there has been purchased for his majesty, all the museum VOL. II. Kk ས་ 212 Proceedings of Universities. of Mr. Smith, at Venice, consisting of his library, prints, drawings, designs, &c. I think it is highly probable that the arts and sciences will flourish in Great Britain, under the protection and encouragement of a monarch, who is himself an excellent judge of merit in the fine arts." REMARKABLE TIME-PIECE. In 1765, Mr. Norton, of St. John's Street, executed for his majesty, agreeable to the directions which he had received, a curious time-piece, of which the following description was given in some of the journals:-"This clock has four faces, the first and principal of which shews true and apparent time, with the rising and setting of the sun every day in the year, by a morning horizon, which consequently shews the [Oct. 1 lengthening and shortening of the days: it likewise shews the time of the day in several parts of the earth. The second front has a solar system, which shews the motion of the planets in their orbits, according to Copernicus. The third shews the age and different phases of the moon, with the time of the tides at thirty-two different sea-ports. The fourth and last, by a curious retrograde motion in a spiral, shews every day of the month and year, and likewise the months and days of the week, with appropriate emblems. The calculations and numbers for the wheels for the solar system, were given by Dr. Bevis; and the designs for all the dial plates, with the numbers and calculation, and mode of performing the moon and tides, by the ingenious Mr. Ferguson." INTELLIGENCE IN LITERATURE AND THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. On all the different subjects comprehended in this highly important department communications are earnestly requested from Authors, Booksellers, Artists, the Secretaries or other members of Learned "Societies, Patentees, and Men of Letters and Science in general. To such persons as wish to give publicity to their works, inventions, or discoveries, the advantages of such a channel must be suff eiently obvious. PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES. OXFORD, August 15.-The following gentlemen in Abingdon school, were elected scholars on Teasdale's foundation in Pembroke college-R. F. Laurence, C. S. S. Dupuis, and T. Butler. CAMBRIDGE, August 25.-At a meeting of the visitor of Christ college, and his assessors, held at Sidney college, on the appeal of the fellows, against the master of Christ college, a sentence of deprivation of his mastership was pronounced against the Rev. Dr. Browne, by the vice-chancellor. From this deprivation the doctor appeals, and the case will therefore probably come before the lord chancellor for ultimate decision, The grounds of accusation against Dr. B. were two-fold, viz. for mismanagement of the revenues of that society, and disregard to that moral conduct which ought to characterize the presiding guardian of a collegiate body. Sept. 5.-The Rev. John Kaye, M. A. fellow of Christ college, was unanimously elected master of that society in the room of Dr. Browne. Sept. 12.-The Rev. J. G. Haggitt, M. A. fellow of Christ college, was elected into the fellowship founded in that college by Edward VI. vacant by the death of Dr. Fisher, university commissary. The lord chancellor has given the final decree on the appeal of Professor Christian against the election of Mr. Sergeant Frere to the headship of Downing college. His lordship, after commenting on the will of the founder, declared that the election appeared to him to have been perfectly conformable to the statutes for the regulation of that society, and therefore it was his duty to confirm it. The Rev. T. VAUGHAN, of Leicester, has in the press some account of the Life, with original Letters, of the late Rev. T. Robinson, of the same town. The Rev. JOHNSON GRANT is preparing for publication the second volume of the History of the English Church and Sects, with an account of the sect that has adopt ed the delusions of Joanna Southcott. Dr. Spurzheim, the coadjutor of Dr. Gall, is about to publish an illustration |