37. Court of Borghese (borgā'-zeh) palace, Rome 415 2. Greece, with shores and islands of the Ægean 5. Persian, afterward Macedonian empire 7. Italy 8. Mediterranean lands, 218 B.C. 9. Mediterranean lands, 146 B.C. 10. Roman empire under Trajan 11. Europe in the time of Theodoric (Freeman) 30-31 44-45 66 74 81 128 152 157 190-191 252-253 256-257 299 12. Europe in the time of Charlemagne (Freeman) 13. England about 600 A.D. 14. Europe in the twelfth century (crusading era) 15. Western Europe in fourteenth century (1360) (Freeman) 18. Empire of Napoleon; Europe in 1810 (Freeman). 19. Europe in 1815, Peace of Vienna (Freeman) 505 516-517 520-521 524 20. Turkish dominion in Europe before and after Treaty of 21. Europe at the present day 22. The World at the present day 23. Italy in 1815 Prof. P. V. N. Myers, who was so fortunate as to obtain the right to use Mr. Freeman's most admirable maps in the preparation of his "Outlines of Medieval and Modern History," has been so kind as to share with me the benefits of that permission. M. 8. B. STUDIES IN GENERAL HISTORY. THE CIVILIZED WORLD BEFORE 776 B. C. A. Egypt. B. The Tigro-Euphrates Valley. D. Judæa. "I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone And on the pedestal, these words appear: Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare, The lone and level sands stretch far away."- Shelley. Note on Map.—The valleys of the Nile, of the Tigris, and Euphrates were famous for their heavy yield of wheat. Their soil was fertile, level, and watered and fertilized by the overflow or the irrigation from their respective rivers. The cities of Lilybæum, Panormus, and Carthage were founded by Phoenicians, who also had in Spain two famous colonies; namely, Gades (Cadiz) and Tartessus (Tarshish), both of which were on the coast, near Gibraltar. Questions on Map and Note. How was Egypt naturally protected from invasion? How could she feed a large population? How did these two facts help develop an early civilization? What would be the chief natural occupation and support of her people? Answer the same questions in regard to Assyria, Babylonia, and Chaldea. How were Phoenicia and Judæa protected? Which of the civilized people of that time were sailors? What great cities now stand at or near the same foundations as those given on the map? In what latitude did civilization arise? What reason for this? What reasons can you give why Southern Europe was civilized before Northern? What part of it would first become civilized, and why? How is Southern Europe protected from invasion? A. STUDY ON EGYPT. Chief contemporary sources of its history: the Pyramids, the temples of Karnak, and other remains near or at the site of Thebes; the contents and inscriptions of the tombs near Memphis, Thebes, and elsewhere. Other original sources: Old Testament, Herodotus, Manetho, Records of the Past (Eng. trans. of inscriptions). Chief modern authorities accessible in English: Wilkinson, Bunsen, Duncker, Brugsch, Rawlinson, Lenormant, Chevallier, Sayce, Birch, Mariette. 1. Classes of People in Egypt. King, who divides the land, makes the laws, decides on war or peace, appoints and removes judges, generals, and all officers in general; he is believed to be son of the chief deity while living, and is himself worshipped as a deity when dead; he leads the army in war, is one of the chief priests of the land, directs the making and building of roads, canals, cities, temples, palaces. Priests, who hold government offices, have entire charge of religion and education, hold one-third of the land of Egypt, pay no taxes. The chief high priest is second to the king. Warriors or Nobles, who hold government offices, hold about a third of the land, pay no taxes, aid the king in war. |