a fund for the salaries, &c. of the Patent- | Patent issued, had neglected for the Office, to be called the Patent-Fund. 10. Heirs of an inventor who may die before a patent, can be obtained, may apply and obtain patent on their making proper oath. space of eighteen months from the date of the Patent, to put it in operation in the United States, or to put the invention on sale to the citizens thereof, on reasonable terms; or that if for any period of eighteen months the said in 11. Patent, or any part, may be assigned by instrument in writing. As-vention shall not have been put in opesignment to be recorded in PatentOffice within three months. Assignee to pay £ for the record. 12. Caveat for time to mature invention may be granted. In application for patent, invention to be specified. Such specification of the invention to be preserved secret in Patent-Office. Caveat to be in force for a year; during such time all applications for patents which may interfere, to be notified by Commissioner to holder of caveat. Cases of interfering applications to be dealt with as interfering patents, Sect. 8. Decision of examiners not to preclude the right of contesting the priority of invention in a court having jurisdiction. 13. Patent which may be invalid through insufficient description, or improper claim, without fraudulent intention, may be surrendered to Commissioner, who, on the payment of £3 10s. may issue a new Patent for the residue by Patentee of term. Such re-issued Patent to be valid. Original Patentee may, on payment of £3 10s. add description of any new improvement of the original invention, subsequently made. Commissioner to certify time of addition on such added description. Such addition to be then valid as original. 14. Court, on a verdict for plaintiff in an action for infringement, may grant costs not exceeding three times the amount of damages given. 15. Defendant may plead the general issue, and give this Act in evidence, and any special matter of which notice may have been given to the plaintiff thirty days before trial, which may tend to prove that the specification is fraudulently insufficient or redundant, or that the Patentee was not the original inventor, or that the thing patented had been in use or described in some public work anterior to discovery by Patentee; or that it had been publicly used and sold with consent of Patentee before his application, or that Patentee had unjustly obtained a Patent for that which had been invented by another; or that the Patentee, if an alien at the time the ration or on sale, judgment for the defendant in all the preceding cases shall carry costs. Plaintiff to be awarded costs if defendant has used any part of invention justly claimed as new, even if the plaintiff may have claimed more than he invented. 16. In case of interfering Patents, or refusal of Examiners to grant Patent likely, in their opinion, to interfere, the parties interested may have remedy by Bill in Equity. Court may adjudge Patents void, in whole or part, and decide that applicant is entitled to Patent. Commissioner, on such adjudication, may issue Patent. No such judgment to affect the rights of any but parties and those deriving title from them subsequent to judgment. 17. Certain Courts may grant injunctions. Appeal from all may be made to The Supreme Court of the United States. 18. Library of Scientific Works, and Periodical Publications, Foreign and American, to be purchased for PatentOffice. The sum of £ to be appropriated annually for this purpose out of the Patent-Fund. 19. Commissioner to cause models, specimens, &c., patented and unpatented, to be arranged and displayed in proper rooms. Such rooms to be open to public inspection during suitable hours. 20. All previous Acts repealed. Legal proceedings in progress to proceed as though this Act had not passed, except the application of the provisions of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth sections, as far as they may be applicable. Total Amount, and Annual Average, of Patents in the United States. THE first Act of Congress on the subject of patents was passed in 1790. The average number issued annually from 1790 to 1800 was but 26; from 1800 to 1810, the average number was 91; from 1810 to 1820, it was 200; and, for the last ten years, the average number has been 535. During the last year, there were issued 776; and there have been granted in the first quarter of the present year 274, being more in three months than were issued in the whole of the first period of ten years. In the twenty-two years preceding the war of 1812, the average annual number was 73. The first quarter of the present year indicates an aggregate for the year of 1096; the amount of the duties on which will be upwards of 32,000 dollars (£7200). The whole number issued at the Patent-Office, under the laws of The United States, up to the 31st of March last, is 9731. This is more than double the number which have been issued either in England or France during the same period.-Report of Select Committee of Congress. United States, 1836. High Electrical State of the Atmosphere. "ONE of the most remarkable meteorological phenomena in this country (New Harmony, Indiana, United States, latitude 38° 11' N., longitude 87° 55' w.) is the surprising electrical state of the atmosphere and all non-conducting bodes, during the Autumn and first Winter months, when the wind blows from the north-west. I have observed, at such times, the hairs of the horses' tails so charged, that whole bunches would adhere with considerable force to the horses' flanks; or at other times, the individual hairs, repelled by their neighbours, would stand several inches apart. Distinct shocks may then be obtained in the fingers by rubbing the back of a cat with one hand, and holding the point of its tail firmly with the other. One day last Winter (1834-5), I ob days in the Autumn of 1826, thunder, near or remote, was heard unceasingly; so that it might be asserted, without exaggeration, that one peal of thunder lasted there for nearly 500 hours! Railroad Acts, present Session, (July 23rd, incl.) THE following additional Railroad Bills 18. Sheffield and Rockingham. 20. Manchester and Leeds. 22. London and Cambridge. 23. Eastern Counties (London and Norwich.) 24. Dundee and Newtyle. 25. North Midland. 26. London Grand Junction. 28. London and Croydon. Rail-road from Cairo to Suez. THE works of the railroad from Cairo Patent-Law Grievance. No. V. THE penalties inflicted on the inventive genius of Britain during the present year, up to the 25th ult., in the shape of amount to more than £26,000! government stamps and fees on patents, served a silk apron attracted by the table so strongly, and at such a distance from it, as to enable the wearer to keep it suspended in the air at a full right angle. When silk, or flannel, is removed rapidly from the body in the ready money, on taking the first steps, N.B. This sum has been paid in dark, it will exhibit for the moment, and as many of the inventors are poor one luminous electric sheet, and a dismen (operatives,) and a great many tinct crackling noise may be heard. Besides these facts, many very interest-be very inconvenient to pay at least others of them persons to whom it would ing phenomena may be observed."D. D. Owen, Meteorological Notices on Indiana, dated New Harmony, 28th May, 1835. £100 down, they have been obliged to go into debt, or mortgage or dispose of their inventions, either wholly or in part, &c. In corroboration of the above, we can state from personal remark, that, at The title of "Bey" corresponds nearly the same place, during 20 successive to that of "Colonel" with us. NEW PATENTS. 1836. ENGLISH. N. B.-The first Date annexed to each Patent, is that on which it was sealed and granted; the second, that on or before which the Specification must be delivered and eurolled.The abbreviation For. Comm., signifies that the invention, &c., is "a communication from a foreigner residing abroad.” JUNE Contd. 164. JOHN ROBERTS, Prestolle, Lanc., Calico-printer; for improvements in block printing. June 27.-Dec. 27. TOTAL, JUNE...32. JULY. 165. BENNETT WOODCROFT, Manchester, Lanc., Gent; for improved mode of printing certain colours on calico, and other fabrics. July 2.—Jan. 2. 166. WILLIAM WAINWRIGHT POTTS, China and Earthenware manufacturer, WILLIAM MACHINE, China and Earthenware manufacturer, and WILLIAM BOURNE, all of Burslem, Staff., Manager; for an improved method or process, whereby impressions, or patterns, in one or more colours, or metallic preparations, are produced and transferred to surfaces of metal, wood, cloth, paper, papier-maché, bone, slate, marble, and other suitable substances prepared, or otherwise not being used or known as earthenware, porcelain, china, glass, or other similar substances. July 2.-Jan. 2. 167. SAMUEL MEGGITT, Hull, Master Mariner; for improvements in anchors and in apparatus for fishing such improved anchors, which improvements may be adapted to anchors now in use. July 2.-Jan. 2. 168. ROBERT WALTER SWINBURNE, South Shields, Durh., Agent; for improvements in the manufacture of plate-glass. July 2. -Jan. 2. 169. JOHN ISAAC HAWKINS, Hampsteadrd., Midda., Civil-engineer; for improvements in manufacturing iron and steel. July 2.-Jan. 2. For. Comm. 170. WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD STOCKER. Birmingham, Warw., Machinist; for improvements in machinery applicable to the making of nails and other purposes. July 7. -Jan. 7. improvements in machinery for forming staves for barrels, casks, and other purposes. July 13.-Jan. 13. For. Comm. 174. LOUIS MATTHIAS HORLIAC, (late of Paris,) Haymarket, Middx., Gent.; for improvements in carriages and harness. July 13.-Jan. 13. For. Comm. 175. OLIVER BIRD, Woodchester, Glouc., Clothier, and WILLIAM LEWIS, Stroud, in the said county, Clothier; for improvements in machinery applicable to the dressing of woollen and other cloths requiring such process. July 13.—Jan. 13. 176. JOHN ERICSSON, Brook-st., New-rd., Middx., Civil-engineer; for an improved propeller applicable to steam-navigation. July 13.-Jan. 13. 177. WILLIAM ESSEX, Chatham, near Manchester, Lanc., Agent; for improvements in machinery for producing rotary motion. July 13.-Jan. 13. 178. SAMUEL BROWN, Boswell-court, Cary-st., Midda., Engineer; for improvements for generating gas, which improvements are also applicable to other useful purposes. July 14.-Jan. 14. 179. CHARLES PHILLIPS, Chipping, Oxf., Surgeon; for improvements in drawing off beer and other liquors from casks or vessels. July 14.-Jan. 14. 180. JOHN ERICSSON, Brook-st., New-rd., Middx., Civil-engineer; for improved machinery to be used in the manufacturing of files. July 20.-Jan. 20. 181. CHARLES WHEATSTONE, Conduit-st., Midda., Musical-instrument Manufacturer, and JOHN GREEN, Soho-sq., Midda., Musical-instrument Manufacturer; for new methods of forming musical instruments, in which continuous sounds are produced from strings, wires, or springs. July 26.--Jan. 26. 182. CHARLES BRANDT, Pimlico, Middx., Gent. ; for an improved method of evaporating and cooling fluids. July 26.--Jan. 26. provements in the manufacture of prussianblue, prussiate of potash, and plaster-ofparis. July 26.-Jan. 26. 171. MATTHEW HEATH, Furnival's Inn, 183. PETER SPENCE, Henry-st., ComLond., Esq.; for new mechanical combi-mercial-rd., Midda., Chemist; for imnations for obtaining power and velocity applicable to the propelling of vessels, raising water, and to machinery of various descriptions. July 7.-Jan. 7. For. Comm. 172. ELISHA HAYDON COLLIER, City-rd., Midda., (formerly of Boston, United States,) Civil-engineer; for improvements in steam-boilers. July 13.-Jan. 13. 173. MILES BERRY, Chancery-lane, Holborn, Midda., Mechanical Draftsman; for 184. JOHN HALL, New Radford, Nott., Lace-manufacturer; for improvements in certain machinery for facilitating the operation of dressing or getting up or finishing of large pieces of lace-net, as bobbin-net, or twist-net, and warp-net, and tattings. July 26.-Jan. 26. Barom. Day of Month Ther Barom. Ther Thermometer Daily. Solar Rad. 9 A.M. attch. 3 P.M. attch. Min. Max. Temp. Var. Wed. 130 052 61° 30 026 62° 48°4 57°0 52.7 8°6 44° Thurs. 2 29 874 62 Friday, 3 29 748 63 Satur. 4 29 735 63 29 760 64 48 8 67.5 58.2 18.7 45 9 29-709 65 50 4 68 6 59 5 18.2 47 29-745 66 54.1 67.5 60.8 13.4 50 SUN. 5 29 870 63 29 935 63 48.2 61.0 54 6 12.8 44 Mon. 6 30 165 63 30 142 64 45.5 66 8 56 2 21.3 42 Tues. 7 30 056 63 29 976 64 53.5 64.5 59.0 11.0 50 Wed. 8 29 780 63 29 748 67 52.6 69.6 61.1 17.0 50 Thurs. 9 29 886 64 29 950 66 51.9 68.8 60 4 16.9 49 Friday, 10 29 950 65 29 982 67 56 2 70.0 63 1 13.8 53 10 10 4 2 S.W. S.W.S. METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR JUNE, 1836; KEPT AT BLACKHEATH ROAD. Satur. 11 29 872 66 29 887 67 57 6 70 9 64 2 13.3 56 7 SUN. 12 30 245 65 30 285 66 47.8 66 5 57 2 18.7 43 Mon. 13 30 400 65 30 404 68 48.2 74 8 61.5 26.6 45 Tues. 14 30 370 68 30 315 71 57.8 79.0 68.4 21.2 54 Wed. 15 30 054 68 29 976 74 51.2 79.8 65.5 28.6 49 Thurs. 16 30 050 72 30 050 73 60 2 74.0 67.1 13.8 58 Friday, 17 30 016 72 29 950 73 53.8 76.5 65 1 22.7 51 Satur. 18 29 950 67 29 852 70 50 7 71.9 61.3 21 2 49 19 29 954 67 20 30 108 68 30138 68 21 30 146 67 30 100 69 Wed. 22 30 050 68 30-035 69 55.9 67.0 Thurs. 23 29 958 29.965 69 51.2 69.0 60.1 17.8 49 53 1 67.5 60.3 50.5 70.2 14.4 51 4 60 4 19.7 49 61.4 11.1 55 10 29 942 67 57.0 68.5 62 7 11.5 53 Friday, 24 29 950 66 29 864 68 55.2 70.0 62 6 14 8 53 10 Satur. 25 30 165 64 30 200 66 51.2 67.8 59 5 16 6 49 SUN. 26 30 390 65 30 415 67 50 7 70 2 60 4 19.5 49 Mon. 27 30 450 67 30 386 68 53 4 74 0 63.7 20.6 50 Tues. 28 30 215 69 30 230 74 55.0 82 1 68 6 27.1 51 Wed. 29 30 430 70 30 425 71 53.5 71.0 62.2 17.5 50 Thurs. 30 30 435 Mean 68 30 350 71 48.0 75.1 61.6 27.1 43 30-0775 66 30-0581 68 52.38 70.24 61.32 17.86, Lowest point of Rad. 43°, on the 30th. 6th. Rain fallen 1.070 in. ON THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICS. OUR readers are aware that attention has been lately recalled to a controversy of long standing, by the appearance of Mr. Whewell's pamphlet On the Study of Mathematics, which elicited an article in the Edinburgh Review, written with a bitterness seldom excited but by personal resentment, but with that critical acumen and profound learning which has so deservedly rendered that journal a leading one in literature. The professed object of the writer is to show, that mathematics, when made a principal study, instead of being calculated to develop and mature the intellectual faculties, have a directly contrary tendency, and train the mind to a "one-sidedness" which disqualifies it for intercourse with others, and for sound philosophical reasoning. Professor Chevallier, of the Durham University, has replied to this attack, with an eloquence which exhibits him as a powerful champion on the other side. We shall endeavour to place the merits of the question in a simple form before our readers, to the end that they may judge for themselves on a point so vitally connected with systematic education; we will strive to be as impartial in weighing the evidence as is compatible with a very decided opinion on the subject; one requisite to candour on the question we at least possess that of not owing our education to either of the two universities which have been implicated in the discussion; our bias is, therefore, not due to those associations of filial reverence which these almæ matres so naturally excite in their children. If in our endeavours to justify mathematical study, and defend it from the attacks of its enemies, we appear exclusively to direct our arguments against the article alluded to, it is because we consider it as embodying, in the most detailed and luminous form, all the objections that have ever been made. The question at issue has been simplified by excluding all consideration of the utility of the sciences brought into contrast during the argument; they have been considered solely "as the means of a liberal education—that is, an education in which the individual is cultivated, not as an instrument towards some ulterior end, but as an end unto himself alone; in other words, in which his absolute perfection as a man, not his relative dexterity as a professional man, is the scope immediately in view." We confess, however, that this distinction appears to us more specious than necessary, every man has an ulterior end in view, though it may not be the acquisition of wealth, or even the means of subsistence; emancipation from these cares not only does not enable the mind to attain universal knowledge, but by removing a powerful incentive to exertion generally renders it less active; it is the opposite tendencies of very general and comprehensive divisions of studies which are to be canvassed, the comparison, as will appear, is virtually instituted between abstract and physical science, and literature in the most comprehensive sense of that term; now the student becomes devoted to one or the other of these divisions from causes quite independent of, and long anterior to the choice of a profession, which choice is greatly influenced by the inclination manifested towards one of these branches of study in preference to the other, and professional success VOL. II. G 8 |