afford-the utmost promptitude, activity, and vigor, marked all their movements: the different corps of their army were so manoeuvred, as mutually to bear upon and assist each other:---nor do we find the French emperor scrupulously exact, as to the violation of the territories of a neutral power, when an object of importance was to be thereby attained.

The neutral territory of Anspach was violated by a corps of the French army passing through it. This part of the Prussian dominions being placed between Wurtzburg and the Danube, Bonaparte foresaw the advantage resulting from Bernadotte's corps marching through it, and knowing, at the same time, that the Prussians were not in sufficient force in that quarter, to oppose any effectual resistance, without hesitation, ordered it to advance in that direction, well knowing, that after the destruction, or at least defeat of the Austrian army, he could silence the murmurs of the selfish cabinet of Berlin with a few unmeaning words. That general Mack should be deceived by this movement, is not surprising, as most certainly it was an event not to be expected in the common course of things, and a plan which no man perhaps but Bonaparte would have dared to adopt.

Prussia, it is true, affected to be highly offended at a manœuvre unknown even in modern tactics, and immediately made a shew of preparing for hostilities. The garrisons of Berlin and Potsdam were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to take the field, and the regular troops were ordered to the frontiers.

The confederates now again fixed their hopes, with much confidence, upon Prussia, whom they thought could not possibly avoid hostilities. The British government instantly despatched lord Harrowby to the court of Berlin, on a special mission, to negociate a treaty, and, as usual, to offer to pay the king of Prussia for fighting his own battles. However, all this bustle evaporated in nothingness; for before any hostile movement was made by the Prussian army, the capture of Ulm, and the destruction of the army of general Mack was announced at Berlin. The news of this affair at once determined the Prussian monarch to gloss over this daring affront with a little state etiquette. Count Haugwitz was accordingly despatched to the French head-quarters, to treat with Napoleon; and an accommodation took place immediately.

But to return-On the day after the surrender of Ulm, the French emperor issued a proclamation to his army, wherein he testified his satisfaction at the conduct of the French troops, and informed them that in fifteen days they had made a campaign. After saying that the Austrian army is annihilated, he remarks" What signifies it to England? Her object is accomplished. We are no longer at Boulogne, and her subsidy will be neither more or less."

In another part, the emperor's proclamation runs thus:-"Soldiers, I had announced to you a great battle; but thanks to the bad combinations of the I have been able to obtain the same success

enemy,

without any risk; and what is unexampled in the history of nations, so great a result has not weakened us above 1500 men (hors de combat.")-He further observes,-"But we shall not stop here;-you are impatient to commence a second campaign. We shall make that Russian army, which the gold of England has transported from the extremities of the universe, undergo the same fate."

He further informed his soldiers, that in the combat with the Russians, the honor of the French infantry would be particularly concerned, as the steadiness and valor of the Russian infantry had been much spoken of, and that it remained to be decided whether the French infantry was the first or second in the world. Bonaparte concluded this proclamation, with saying that there were among the allies no generals against whom he could have any glory to acquire; and that all his care should be to obtain victory with the least effusion of blood.

As a reward, however, to his troops for their great exertions, and in order to animate them to further enterprizes, the French emperor decreed, on the same day as the above proclamation, that the month Vendemiaire, year 14, should be reckoned as a campaign to all the individuals composing the French grand army in Germany, and be so charged to the state in the computation of pay and military services; and likewise that the war contributions, including those to be levied in Suabia, as well as all magazines taken from the enemy (with the exception

of the artillery and provisions) should belong to the

army.

The French emperor ordered his army to take possession of the Austrian states in Suabia, directed the march of the prisoners for France; and, after causing the fortifications of Ulm and Memmingen to be demolished, set out with his army, on the 21st (of October, 1805) for Augsburg, on his way to Bavaria, leaving behind the corps of marshal Ney, which, by stipulation, was not to leave the vicinity of Ulm, till midnight of the 25th. He ordered tetes de pont, to to be constructed on the bridges over the Lech, beyond which he established magazines.

CHAP. XVII.

Arrival of the French Emperor at Munich.--Movements of the French Army.---Napoleon enters Vienna.---Advances into Moravia.---Both Sides prepare for a decisive Action.

THE emperor of the French arrived at Munich on the 24th (of October, 1805); and as the elector of Bavaria had not yet returned to his capital, Napoleon despatched an aid de camp to offer him escorts on the road. Prince Murat joined Bonaparte at Munich, having left a division of the troops, with whom he had pursued the archduke Ferdinand, on the other side of the Danube, under the command of Mortier and Baraguay d'Hilliers, to descend that river, for the purpose of observing the motions of the Austrians in Bohemia.

Napoleon did not stop long at Munich; but, placing himself at the head of the main body of the French army, advanced towards Vienna, having in his front a corps of Austrians, which shortly before had been joined by the first column of the Russians, amounting conjointly to 45,000 men. The French emperor also caused the division of Mortier, which was on the left shore of the Danube, to watch the motions of the archduke Ferdinand in Bohemia, and