Dented (retusus), a blunt leaf with a blunt notch at the

end.

Depressed (depressus), when the surface of a leaf is slightly sunk.

Diadelphia, the 17th class of plants, having the filaments united into two sets.

Diamond-shaped (rhombeus), applied to leaves resembling a diamond on cards. Diandria, two stamens.

Eye (hilum), the scar by which a seed is fixed to the seed-vessel. F.

Feathered (plumosum), the down of seeds when it sends out lateral hairs.

Feeble (debilis), unable to stand upright, Female flowers or florets, such as have one or more pistils, but no stamens.

Ferns, the first order of the class of cryptogamia.

Dimpled (umbilicatus), having a hollow dot.

Diccia, dioecious, having the flowers bearing stamens and those bearing pistils on different plants. Disk (discus) of a leaf is its surface of a compound flower is its central florets; thus, in a daisy, the minute yellow florets form the disc, and the larger white-shaped florets form the ray.

Distant (distans,) far asunder, as the stamens of mint. Distended (ventricosus), as the cup of the rose. Diverging (divergens), spreading wide from the stem almost horizontally, opposed to compact. Divided (partitus), or parted, partite, signifies that a cup, leaf, or petal, is parted more than half way down.

Doubly-compound (decompositus) leaves, having the primary leaf-stalk divided, so that each division forms a compound leaf. They are twin-fork (begeminus), when a forked leaf-stalk has several leafets at the end of each fork; or, doubly-threefold (bi-ternatus), when a leaf-stalk, with three divisions, has three leafets on the end of each division or fork; or doubly winged (duplicato-pinnatum, bi-pinnatum), when a leaf-stalk has lateral ribs, each of which forms a winged leaf.

Down (pappus), the fine hair or feather-like substance, crowning the seeds of some plants, and wafting them abroad.

Downy leaf, see Coltony.

Drupe, a pulpy seed-vessel, without valves, consisting of a nut surrounded by a pulpy substance, ex gr. a cherry.

Dusted (pulveratus), applied to some plants which appear covered with a kind of powder.

E

seed capable of vegetation. Those that have stamens only are always barren. Those that have pistils only, are only barren when placed beyond the reach of the pollen coming from the anthers of staminiferous flowers.

Fibres (nervi), woody strings running along a leaf, Fibrous (fibrosus) roots, composed of small threads or fibres.

Fiddle-shaped (panduriformis), oblong, but narrow in the middle, and broader below.

Filament or thread (filamentum) the slender part of a stamen supporting the anther. Fistulous, hollow,

Finger-like (digitatus) leaves, expanded like a man's hand, in pairs, threes and fives. Flat-topped (fastigiatus), rising to the same height, so as to form a flat surface.

Fleshy seed-vessel, ex gr. an apple.

Floral leaves (bractea) are generally on the fruitstalk, so that they are sometimes mistaken for the calyx; but the calyx withers when the fruit is ripe, whereas the floral leaves endure as long as the other leaves of the plant.

Floret (flosculus), one of the small flowers forming a compound or incorporated flower.

Flower (flos), a temporary part of a plant subservient to the formation of the seed. It consists of eight parts, a calyx, corolla or blossom, stamens, pistils, seedvessel, seeds, receptacle, and a nectary. Wanting sny of these parts, a flower is incomplete. Forked (furcatus, dichotomus), divided. Fringed (alatus), as the blossom of the buck-bean, Fruit (fructus), a part of a flower consisting of the seed-vessel, seed, and receptacle.

Fruitstalk (pedunculus), a part of a branch or stem bearing flowers, but not leaves.

Fungus, the last order of the class of cryptogamia. Funnel-shaped (infundibuliformis), when a one-petaled blossom is tubular at the base, and conical at the top.

man ear.

Egg-shaped (ovatus), in form of an egg.

wise.

G

Elliptic, oval.

Embracing (amplexicaulis) the stem, when the base of

a leaf nearly surrounds the stem.

Entire (integer), opposed to cleft, gashed, &c.
Equal (equalis), regular.

Erect, upright.

Even (lævis) surface; level, regular.

Excrescence (apophysis), a substance growing on some of the mosses from the seat of the flower. Expanding (patens), between upright and horizontal.

2

its resemblance to a gaping mouth.

Gashed (lobatus), divided nearly half way down into lobes, convex at the edges, and distant from each other.

Hairs (pili), by some thought secretory ducts. Hand-shaped (palmatus), like the human hand with the fingers expanded.

Hat (pileus), the upper broad part of funguses. Hatchet-shaped (dolabriforme) leaf, like an axe of unequal thickness,

Headed (capitulus) stalk, supporting one compact knob of flowers at its extremity.

Heads (capitatus) of flowers, growing in compact knobs, as in peppermint.

Heart (corculum), that part of a seed which is the future plant in miniature.

Helmet (galea), the upper part of a gaping blossom. Hemispherical, like a half globe.

Herbaceous stem, succulent, opposed to woody. Hermaphrodite flowers or forets, such as contain both a stamen or stamens, and a pistil or pistils, as the greater part of flowers. Hexagonal, or six-sided. Hexagynia, having six pistile. Hexandria, six-stamened.

Hoary (incanus), covered with a silvery-looking sub

stance.

Honey-combed (favosum), a receptacle with cells open at the top, and having a seed in each. Husk (gluma), the calyx of a grass plant. Hybrid (hybrida), a plant produced by the pollen of one plant fertilizing the germen of a plant of a different species. A mule.

J.

Jagged (laciniatus) leaves, irregularly divided and subdivided into lobes. Icosandria, 20-stamened.

Imperfect flowers, wanting anther or pistil, or both. Incomplete flowers want the cup, the corolla, or some other important part. See FLOWER. The tulip wants a cup, and the nettle has no blossom or corolla. Incorporated (aggregatus), when little flowers or florets form a compound flower, as a daisy. Incumbent, anthers fixed by the side, or stamens leaning or resting against.

Indented leaf, having the edges deeply scolloped, and the lobes far asunder.

Inflated, as if blown up like a bladder.
Inferior, see Beneath.

Interrupted, broken in its regular form, as a spike by leaves intervening.

Inversely heart-shaped (obcordatus), with the point of the heart next the stem.

Lactescent, having a milky juice.

Laminated, when the flat surfaces of leaves lie close on each other.

Lateral branches, growing from the sides of the stem, opposed to terminating.

Leaf, the part of a plant corresponding to the lungs, and also to the organs of motion of animals. Leafet, or little leaf, one of the single leaves of a compound leaf.

Leaf-stalk (petiolus), the footstalk of a leaf. Leather-like (coriaceus), tough like leather. Legume (legumen) or shell, a seed-vessel of two valves with the seeds fixed to one seam, as in the pea. Level, when several branches or fruitstalks grow to equal heights.

Lid (operculum), a cover to the capsules of several

mosses.

Ligulate, strap-shaped.

Limb, the upper spreading part of a petal.
Limber (flaccidus) bending with its own weight.
Lip, the upper or under division of a gaping corolla.
Lobes, the division of a gashed leaf.

Lopped (truncatus), looking as if cut off by scissars.
M.

Male flowers, which have stamens, but no pistils.
Matted (cæspitosus), thickly interwoven.
Membranous (membranaceus), thin, skinny, and semi-
transparent.

Monadelphia, united filaments.
Monandria, one stamen.

Monacia, one house, or plants having the stamens and pistils in different flowers, but on the same plant. Monogynia, one pistil in each flower.

Monopetalous, one-petaled.

Pentandria, five stamened.

Perennial, continuing more than two years.

Petals (petala), the leaves which constitute the corolla or blossom.

Pillar (stipes), the pedicle of the down of some seeds, as in dandelion.

Pimpled (papillosus), beset with little hard protube

rances.

Pistil, a part of a flower consisting of the germen, the style, and the summit.

Pitcher-shaped (urceolatus), bellying like a jug.
Pith, a soft substance filling the cavities of some plants.
Plaited, folded.

Pod (siliqua), seed-vessel of two valves, within which
the seeds are alternately fixed to each seam.
Pollen (farina), a fine powder in the anthers of flowers.
Polyadelphia, stamens in three or more sets.
Polyandria, many stamens.

Polygamia, see introduction to the 23d class.
Pores, little holes.

Remote whirls, having a considerable length of stem between each.

Rhomboidal, nearly diamond-shaped.
Rigid, inflexible.

Root-leaves (radicalia), those which proceed immediately from the root.

Ruffle or ring, the part of the curtain of an agaric which adheres to the stem after the outer part is gone. S.

Salver-shaped (hypocrateriformis), when a one-petaled corolla has its lower part tubular, and its higher part flat and expanded.

Scaly (squamosus), like the skin of a fish. Scurfy (squarrosus), applied to the rough cup of some compound flowers.

Seed, that which contains the rudiments of the new plant.

Seed-lobes (cotyledones), the perishable part of a seed which affords food to the rest in germination.

Seminal leaves, those which rise from the seed-lobes. Serrated, like the teeth of a saw.

Sheath (spatha), a kind of calyx like that of the crocus. Simple, undivided.

Sitting leaves or flowers, without leaf or flower-stalks. Solitary, only one in a place.

Spear-egg-shaped, like a spear at the base, and an egg at the extremity.

Spike (spica), a collection of flowers placed alternately on each side of a common fruitstalk without little fruitstalks.

Stamen, consists of a filament and anther.
Staminiferous, bearing stamens.

Streaked, marked with depressed lines.
Syngenesia, united anthers.

T.

Target-shaped leaf, having the stalk fixed, not in the edge, but the centre. Tetragynia, four pistils.

Tetradynamia, four stamens longer.

Tiled, one leaf or scale partly covering another.
Tooth-serrated, when the edge of a leaf is marked with
little serrated teeth.
Triandria, three stamens.
Trigynia, three pistils.

Tubercled, having solid warts; applied to certain lichens.
Tuberous root, having many roundish knobs in a bundle.
Tubular, hollow like a tube.

U.

Umbel (umbella), an assemblage of flowers in which a number of slender fruitstalks, proceeding from the same centre, rise to nearly the same height, so as to form a regular surface at the top, as in hemlock or

carrot.

Unequal florets (radiati), when the florets of an umbel
are larger in the circumference than in the centre.
Valve, the pieces of a capsule are called valves.
Vaulted (fornicatus), like the roof of the mouth.
Veil (calyptra), the calyx of mosses.

W.

Wheel-shaped, a corolla of one petal, with a flat border and a short tube.

Whirls of branches, leaves or flowers; ex gr. the branches of the fir.

Wings, the lateral petals of a butterfly-shaped blossom.
Winged leaf-stalk, with a thin membrane on each side.
leaf, when an undivided leaf-stalk has many
little leaves growing from each side.
Wing-cleft, a leaf deeply cut.
Woody, opposed to herbaceous.
Woolly, curly haired clothing on some plants.
Z.
Zigzag, having many contrary bendings.

INDEX.