Elements. ing a capsule in which the seeds are enclosed, as in the apple, &c.; a, the pericarp; b, the capsule, or seed-case. Fig. 26. a, Drupe, or pericarp containing a nut or stone, and having no valve. b, The nucleus, or stone. Fig. 27. Bacca or berry, a pericarp containing naked seeds dispersed through the pulpy part. Fig. 28. A capsule opening at the top to allow the seeds to fall out. Fig. 29. Four capsules included in a common pericarp. a a, The valves; bb, the disse piment, or partition which separates the different seed-capsules from one another; c, columella, or central column, by which the capsules are connected. Fig. 35. A capsule cut off longitudinally, to show the receptacle of the seeds. Fig. 31. Pappus, or down; a, long-haired; b, feathered; c, seed; d, stipe.

Pedunculi or Footstalks of FLOWERS.-Fig. 32. Corymb. 33. Raceme. 34. Spike. 35. Verticil. 36.

Panicle.

PLATES XCVI. XCVII. XCVIII. contain delinea.

tions relative to the SPECIES of plants.

1. LEAVES as to figure. A, Simple. Fig. 37. Orbicular, of a circular figure. Fig. 38. Subrotundum, roundish or nearly circular. Fig. 39. Ovate. Fig. 40. Oval or elliptical. Eig. 41. Oblong. Fig. 42. Lanceolate. Fig. 43. Linear. Fig. 44. Subulate, or awl-shaped. Fig. 45. Reniform, or kidney-shaped. Fig. 46. Cordate, or heart-shaped. Fig. 47. Lunulated, or crescent form. Fig. 48. Triangular. Fig. 49. Sagittate. Fig. 50. Cordato-Sagittate, heart-shaped behind, and sharp like the point of an arrow before. Fig. 51. Hastate, or halbert-shaped. Fig. 52. Cleft. Fig. 53. Three-lobed, or having three (55) lobes. Fig. 54. Præmorse, fore-bitten. Fig. 55. Lobed. Fig. 56. Quinquangular, or five-angled. Fig. 57. Eroded. Fig. 58. Palmate. Fig. 59. Pinnated. Fig. 60. Laciniate. Fig. 61. Sinuate. Fig. 62. Dent-sinuate. Fig. 63. Sinuate backwards. Fig. 64. Partite or parted. Fig. 65. Repand, or scolloped. Fig. 66. Dentated, or dented. Fig. 67. Serrated or sawed. Fig. 68. Doubly serrated. Fig. 69. Doubly notched. Fig. 70. Cartilaginous. Fig. 71. Acutely notched. Fig. 72. Obtusely notched. Fig. 73. Plaited. Fig. 74. Crenate, notched. Fig. 75. Curled. Fig. 76. Blunt or obtuse. Fig. 77. Acute. Fig. 78. Acuminate, or awl-pointed. Fig. 79. Obtuse with an acumen, blunt with a sharp point superadded. Fig. 80. Acutely emarginated. Fig. 81. Cuneiform emarginate, wedgeform and notched at the end. Fig. 82. Retuse. Fig. 83. Long-haired. Fig. 84. Tomentose, or cottony. Fig. 85. Hispid, or bristlehaired. Fig. 86. Ciliated. Fig. 87. Rugose or wrinkly. Fig. 88. Veined. Fig. 89. Nerved. Fig. 90. Papillous. Fig. 91. Linguiform or tongue-shaped. Fig. 92. Scimitar-shaped. Fig. 93. Hatchet-shaped. Fig. 94. Deltoid. Fig. 95. Three-sided or triquetrous. Fig. 96. Channelled. Fig. 97. Furrowed. Fig. 98. Cylindrical. B. Compound Leaves. Fig. 99. Three-lobed. Fig. 100. Binate. Fig. 101. Ternate. Fig. 102. Digitate, or fingered. Fig. 103. Pedate. Fig. 104. Pinnated with an odd leaflet. Fig. 105. Abruptly pinnated. Fig. 106. Pinnated alternately. Fig. 107. Abruptly pinnated. Fig. 108. Pinnated with a cirrhus. Fig. 109. Pinnated with only two leaflets. Fig. 110. Pinnated decursively. Fig. 111. Pinnated jointedly. Fig. 112. Lyre-shaped. Fig. 113. Biternate, or duplico-ter

VOL. IV. Part I.

nate, biternate, (100), or doubly ternate, or having Elements. three ternate (100) leaves upon one petiole. Fig. 114. Bipinnate or doubly pinnate, i. e. having the primary pinnæ pinnated again a second time. Fig. 115. Triternate, or triple ternate, or consisting of three biternate (113) leaves. Fig. 116. Triple pinnated without an odd leaflet, or having the secondary pinna pinnated again, and these last pinnæ not terminated with an odd leaflet. Fig. 117. Triple pinnated with an odd leaflet. 2. LEAVES, as to determination.-Fig. 118. Incurvated. Fig. 119. Erect. Fig. 120. Patent or spreading. Fig. 121. Horizontal. Fig. 122. Reclined or reflex. Fig. 123. Reyolute or rolled back. Fig. 124. Seminal leaves, or seed-leaves. Fig. 125. Cauline or stem-leaf. Fig. 126. A branch-leaf. Fig. 127. Floral; leaf next the flower; also termed a bractea. Fig. 128. Peltate, or target-shaped. Fig. 129. On a leaf-stalk. Fig. 130. Sessile. Fig. 131. Decurrent. Fig. 132. Stem-clasping. Fig. 133. Perfoliate. Fig. 134. Connate, or united at the base. Fig. 135. Sheathing. Fig. 136. Articulated or jointed. Fig. 137. Stellate, or verticilled. Fig. 138. Quaterna, quina, sena, &c. denote different species of stellated or verticilled leaves, when there are four, five, or six, &c. leaves in one verticil or whirl. Fig. 139. Opposite. Fig. 140. Alternate. Fig. 141. Linear and persisting. Fig. 142. Imbricated, or tiled. Fig. 143. Fascicled. Fig. 144. Frond; a species of stalk or trunk, consisting of branches and leaves, and sometimes the fructification, all united together; peculiar to the Filices or Ferns, and the Palma. Fig. 145. (Sauv.) Spatulate, or roundish above, with a long linear base. Fig. 146. Parabolical; having its longitudinal diameter longer than the transverse, and growing narrower from the base till it terminate somewhat like an oval.

3. CAULES, or STEMS.-Fig. 147. A scaly culm or stalk. Fig. 148. Caulis repens, a repent or creeping stalk or stem; appropriated to herbaceous plants. Fig. 149. Scape. Fig. 150. A jointed culm (147) or stalk. Fig. 151. A twining stem. Fig. 152. A dichotomous or two-forked stem. Fig. 153. Brachiated.

4. FULCRA, or SUPPORTS.-Fig. 154. a, A clasper or tendril; b, Stipulas, the little scales at the base of the foot-stalk of the leaf, or at the base of the flowerstalk; c, Small hollow glands for the secretion of some particular fluid. Fig. 155. a, Small glands. Fig. 156. a, Bractea; on footstalk, or differing from the other leaves of the plant. Fig. 157. a, A simple or onepointed spine. b, A triple or three-pointed spine. Fig. 158. A triple or three-pointed prick. Fig. 160. Opposite leaves; a, the axil, or angle betwixt the leaf and the stalk.

5. Roors.-Fig. 161. A scaly bulb. Fig. 162. A solid bulb. Fig. 163. A tunicated or coated bulb. Fig. 164. A tuberous root. Fig. 165. Fusiform or spindle-shaped. Fig. 166. A branchy root. Fig. 167. A repent or creeping root.

CLASSIS I.

MONANDRIA.

ORDO I. MONOGYNIA.

Sect. I. SCITAMINEE, Fructu infero uni vel triloculari.

12. KÆMPFERIA. Cal. obsoletus. Cor. 6-partita: laciniis 3 majoribus patulis, unica bipartita. Stigma bilamellatum.

3. RENEALMIA. Cal. 1-phyllus rumpens. Cor. 3fida inæqualis. Nectar. oblongum basi utrinque unidentatum. Bacca.

2. HELLENIA. Cal. spathiformis. Cor. limbus duplex exterior subtrifidus. Nect. diphyllum s. bifidum. 6. HEDYCHIUM. Cal. 1-phyllus rumpens. Cor. tubus longissimus ; limbus duplex 3-partitus. Nect. 2phyllum.

11. CURCUMA. Cal. 2-fidus. Cor. 4-partita. Nect. 3-lobum. Anth. basi bicalcarata.

5. HORNSTEDTIA. Cal. 2-fidus. Cor. tubus longus filiformis; limbus duplex, exterior tripartitus. Nect. tubulosum.

I. CANNA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 6-partita. Nect. 2-partitum. Caps. 3-locularis.

14. PHRYNIUM. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala tubo nectarii adnata. Nect. tubo filiformi, limbo 4-partito. Caps. 3-locul. Nuces 3.

13. THALIA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala: duo interiora minora. Nect. lanceolatum concavum. Drupa nuce unilocul.

9. MYROSMA. Cal. duplex exterior 3-phyllus : interior 3-partitus. Cor. 5-partita irregularis.

Sect. II. Fructu infero quadriloculari.

18. LOPEZIA. Cal. 4-phyll. Cor. 5-petala inæqualis. Caps. 4-locul. 4-valvis, polysperma.

Sect. III. Fructu supero.

15. PHYLIDRUM. Spatha 1-flora. Cal. o. Cor. 4. petala irregularis. Cap3. 3-locul. polysperma.

2

3. R. Cal. 1-leaved, bursting. Cor. 3-cleft, unequal. Nect. oblong, one tooth on each side of the base. A berry.

2. H. Cal. spathiform. Cor. limb double, exterior one subtrifid. Nect. two-leaved, or bifid.

6. H. Cal. I-leaved, bursting. Cor. tube long, limb double, 3-parted. Nect. diphyllous.

II. C. Cal. 2 cleft. Cor. 4-parted. Anth. two horns at the base. Nect. 3-lobed.

5. H. Cal. 2-cleft. Cor. long, filiform; limb double, the exterior one 3-parted. Nect. tubulous.

8. A. Cal. 3-dented, equal. Cor. 3-parted, equal. Nect. 2-lipped, inferior lip spreading.

4. A. Cal. 3-cleft, unequal. Cor. 3-parted, unequal. Nect. 2-lipped, somewhat ereet.

7. C. Cal. 3-cleft, gibbous. Cor. 3-parted, ringent. Nect. 2-lipped, inferior lip greatest, and 3lobed.

gent.

10. M. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-cleft. Nect. 3parted, third segment on the higher side antherbearing.

1. C. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 6-parted. Nect. 2parted. Caps. 3-celled.

14. P. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-petaled. filiform. Limb 4-parted. Caps. 3-celled.

Nect. tube Nuts 3.

16. CUCULLARIA. Cal. 4-partitus. Cor. 4-petala inæqualis calcarata. Fil. petaliforme. Anth. loculis discretis !

17. QUALEA. Cal. 4-partitus. Cor. dipetala. Bacca? 19. USTERIA. Cal. 4-dentatus, lacinia unica reliquis multo majore. Cor. infundibuliformis 4-dentata. Caps. 1-locul. 2-sperma.

+ Mangifera Indica. Tradescantia monandra.

Sect. IV. MONOSPERME.

20. BOERHAAVIA. Cal. superus margo integerriCor. 1-petala campanulata.

mus.

*

23. HIPPURIS. Cal. superus margo bilobus. Cor. o. 22. SALICORNIA. Cal. 1-phyllus ventricosus. Cor. o. 21. POLLICHIA. Cal. 1-phyllus 5-dentatus. Cor. o. Sem. 1, receptaculi squamis 2 baccatis tectum.

24. MITHRIDATEA. Recep. multiflorum 4-fidum. Cal. o. Cor. o. Sem, solitaria recept. carnoso immersa. CHARA. Cal. o. Cor. o. Anth. sessilis. Styl. o. Stigma 5-fidum. Sem. plura.

ZOSTERA. Spadix linearis, altera latere fructifero. Cal. o. Cor. o. Stam. alterna. Sem. solitar. alterna. ✦ Valeriana rubra, angustifolia. Calcitrapa. Scirpi et Cyperi nonnullæ species. Alchemilla Aphanes, monandra. Polycnemum monandrum.

*

23. H. Cal. superior, margin two-lobed. Cor. none. 22. S. Cal. 1-phyllous, ventricose. Cor. o.

21. P. Cal. 1-phyllous, 5-dented. Cor. o. Seed 1, fleshy, scaly, inclosing the germen.

24. M. Cal. none. Cor. none. Recep. fleshy, having many flowers. * Č. Cal. o. many seeds.

Cor. o. Anth. sessile. Style o. Berry

* Z. Spadix linear, sheathed by the leaves, fruit-bearing. Cal. o. Cor. o. Seeds solitary alternate.

Valeriana rubra, angustifolia. Calcitrapa. Several species of Scirpus and Cyperus, Alchemilla Aphanes, monandra. Polycnemum monandrum.

1. CANNA, Flowering Reed.

Cor. 6-parted, erect. Nect. 2-parted, rolled back. Style lanceolate, adhering to the corolla. Cal. 3-leaved. 1. C. leaves ovate, acuminate ribbed.

a C. whole flower reddish, leaves ellipse-ovate. B C. interior petals erect and yellow, the segments of the nectary rolled back and sprinkled with reddish lines; leaves ovate elliptical.

C. interior petals erect, scarlet, the segments of the nectary rolled back, yellow sprinkled with red lines, leaves ovate elliptical.

C. interior petals reflected, scarlet leaves lanceolate oblong. Between the tropics.

Cal. 3-cleft, unequal, cylindrical. Cor. 5-parted, unequal, spreading. Nect. bilabiate, almost erect. zingiber. 1. A. Scape naked, spike and scales ovate, leaves lanceolate, ciliated on the margin near the apex. 2. East Indies, and Jamaica. This plant grows to the height only of two or three feet. It is valued chiefly on account of its root, which is tuberous, of the thickness of a finger, white or reddish within, and pale or yellow without. Ginger is reckoned a good stomachic. It is much used by the Indians by way of seasoning. It grows in Malabar, Ceylon, Amboina, and China, and is cultivated in the West Indies. As it is very plentiful on the mountains of Gingi, some suppose that from this circumstance the name Gingiber or Zingiber was derived.

zerumbet.

zedoaria.

sylvestre.

minga.

2. A. Scape naked; spike oblong, obtuse; scales roundish; leaves ovate, smooth on the margin. East Indies.

2.

3. A. scape naked; spike loose, cylindrical, truncated; leaves ovate acuminate. 2. India.

4. A. scape naked, spike elongated, bracteas oblong ventricose, leaves broad lanceolate. 2. Jamaica.

5. A. scape very short, capsule ovate, leaves swordform and acute. 2. Japan.

angustifolium. cardamo- 7. A. spike radical sessile obovate, leaves obovateelliptical and cuspidate. 2. India.

6. A. scape naked, very short, spike-headed; leaves linear lanceolate. 2. Madagascar.

mum.

villosum. 8. A. scape sheathed very short, spike roundish ; bracteas lanceolate, longer than the flower. 24. India. cchinatum 9. A. spike radical, somewhat globular, capsules furrowed, echinate and globular. 2. India.

26.

granum 11. A. scape branched loose, leaves ovate. puradisi. Madagascar, Guinea, and Ceylon.-The fresh leaves of this plant, which grows to the height of 10 or 12 feet, have a strong aromatic taste, but somewhat bitter. Its grains have the same qualities in a higher degree. The Indians mix them with betel, in order to promote digestion. Their taste is very agreeable; when squeezed in the mouth, they produce a pleasant coolness. They are an object of commerce on the Malabar coast.

5. HORNSTEDTIA.

Cal. bifid. Tube of the corolla long, filiform; border double, outer one three-parted. Nect. tubular; capsule three-celled, oblong. 3

Cal. 1-leaved, bursting. Cor. with a very long tube; border double, three-parted. Nect. 2-leaved. 1. H. 2. India.

7. COSTUS.

Cal. trifid, gibbous. Cor. 3-parted, ringent. Nect. 2-lipped, the inferior lip largest, 3-lobed.

coronarium.

1. C. leaves smooth on both sides, spike with few arabicus. flowers, scales leaf-like at the apex, the highest ones fastigiate.

2. America.

2. C. leaves smooth on both sides; spike many-spicatus. flowered, somewhat ovate, closely imbricated; scales ovate simple. 24. Brasil and the Caribbee islands.

3. C. leaves covered beneath with a silky velvet speciosus. down. 2. East Indies.

8. ALPINIA.

Cal. 3-dented, equal, tubular. Cor. 3-parted, equal.
Nect. bilabiate, lower lip spreading.

1. A. the raceme or cluster terminating spiked, racemosa. flowers alternate, lip of the nectary 3-cleft; leaves oblong acuminate. 2. America.

2. A. the cluster terminating loose with flowers al-galanga. ternate, lip of the nectary emarginated, leaves lanceolate. 2. East Indies.

3. A. spike terminating hairy, bracteas longer than comosa. the flower, coloured leaves, oblong-obovate pubescent. 2. America.

4. A. cluster radical, compound, erect; nectary occidentaemarginate at the apex, capsule 3-celled, leaves lan-lis. ceolate-ovate and very smooth. Swartz prod. 11. 2. Jamaica and St Domingo.

1. M. culm branched and herbaceous, leaves ovate- arundina. lanceolate, somewhat hairy beneath. 2. America. cea.

2. M. culm branched, shrub-like, leaves ovate tonchat. smooth. h. Cochin China.

3. M. culm simple, leaves oblong, on footstalks, silky, malaccenpubescent beneath. 2. Malacca. This species has sis. not yet been accurately examined.

4. M. stemless scape; naked, spiked, hairy, the comosa. leaflets of the hair reflected. 2. Surinam. It is uncertain whether this plant may not belong to an unformed genus; at any rate, it is very different from the other species of maranta already mentioned.