clergyman, to whom the chaplain above named had given him letters of introduction. These six years were not only agreeably but profitably passed. In 1779 he returned by the way of Vienna, Trieste, and Venice to Smyrna. His views in life had by this time undergone a change; the astonishing career of the unfortunate Rhigas had already commenced and kindled his enthusiasm; he determined to abandon the career of a merchant, which if successful marked him out as an object of oppression and plunder on the part of the Turkish government, to be avoided only by remaining in voluntary exile. He took up instead the profession of medicine, which, if he remained in Turkey, was the safest calling, while it furnished superior opportunities for cultivating those literary pursuits, to which he looked as fitting him to act extensively on his countrymen. Resisting the temptation of an eligible marriage which his parents wished him to contract, he repaired to Montpelier, in France, and there for several years devoted himself with diligence to the study of his profession, supported at first by small remittances from his father, and when this resource failed, by a little frugal aid from his old friend the chaplain, and by translating medical books from German and English into French. In 1789, and after having taken his degree of Doctor, he came to Paris. The Revolution was just breaking out, and the ten years which followed his arrival in Paris were passed by Coray in wise obscurity, and as far as concerned the bloody game of which he was a spectator, in entire inaction. He was all the time, however, by his own solitary studies and a diligent but carefully guarded correspondence with his countrymen, not only in Turkey but in the various States of Europe, educating himself and them for great events. He saw, a half century before the Emperor Nicholas announced it, that Turkey was a sick man;" and conceived the hope that, in the general despoiling of the estate to which he looked forward, Central Greece at least would go free.

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The course he pursued to accomplish the great object which he had at heart was characterized by the long-suffering of Providence. He did not seek, in the first instance, to stir up revolt, the fatal error, in some countries, of political regenerators, but he aimed to improve the minds of his countrymen ; to facilitate to them the study of the noble authors of their ancient language; to purify the modern dialect from the barbarisms that had crept into it, and thus if possible to establish an identity between ancient and modern Greece. In addition to this, his prefaces and notes to a series of the ancient writers furnished him the opportunity of inculcating many seasonable lessons of patriotism among his readers. His editions were published at the expense of his prosperous countrymen at Vienna, Trieste, and elsewhere, and widely circulated; but he did not confine himself to these indirect methods. When, after the death of Rhigas in 1798, meanly given up with his associates by Austria to the Turkish government, the Patriarch of Jerusalem was compelled to issue a general address to his countrymen, exhorting them to submit unresistingly to the Ottoman power, Coray published a fervent and high-toned reply. In 1801 he addressed another patriotie appeal to his countrymen, exhorting them to rely on the aid. and protection of France. The great movement in Greece in 1821 took him at first somewhat by surprise; he had not anticipated so early an explosion; and in fact it had been prematurely brought about by the rupture of Ali Pacha of Albania with the Porte the year before. But though fearful at first that the time had not come for a successful revolt throughout the whole of the region, whose population was substantially of the Greek church,-as the event sufficiently proved to be the case,―he cordially entered into the movement, and though too old-73-to repair to Greece with a view of rendering active service, he contributed materially by his wise counsels, by his correspondence, and by his publications,

to animate the zeal of his countrymen and to give it a right direction.

When I was leaving Paris for Italy and Greece, Coray furnished me with letters to his countrymen in the principal cities which I was likely to visit in European or Asiatic Turkey, a circumstance to which I was indebted for the freest access to the persons whose acquaintance a youthful traveller could most wish to form,—the patriotic merchants the learned professors, the promising young men, in short the élite of modern Greece. The relations thus formed naturally gave me the deepest interest in the impending future of the native land of literature, philosophy, and art.

When the revolution broke out in Greece in 1821, a deputation from the first provisional Congress was despatched to Paris to confer with Coray, and take measures with him for enlisting the sympathies of Western Europe and America. They brought with them the Address of the Messenian Senate of Calamata to the People of the United States. This manifesto was forwarded by Coray to me, and at the earliest moment at which it seemed likely to attract attention was translated and published with the accompanying letter of the Deputies, in the papers of the day. The interest with which these appeals were read was the immediately exciting cause of the enthusiasm for Greece which pervaded the United States; and which found expression in public meetings throughout the country, in the magnificent speech of Mr. Webster in Congress, and a year or two later in the liberal and substantial contributions to the relief of the sufferers by the war, which were forwarded to Greece, under the care of Dr. Howe, and there distributed by him in a manner which has earned for him and his countrymen the abiding gratitude of thousands.

Coray lived to the age of eighty-five, and died at Paris in 1833, active almost to the last in his literary pursuits, and happy in the liberation to which he had so much contributed,

of a portion of his country,-though not satisfied at seeing what was called the Independent government the sport of the rival interests of the great powers of Europe. He brought down his Autobiography, published by his friends since his death, to the year 1829.-I have several letters from him, beautifully written in a character very nearly resembling that of the Didot editions of the Greek classics; and I seize with pleasure the opportunity of paying this grateful tribute to his honored memory.

NUMBER TWENTY-NINE.

THE ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD OF 1859-PRESCOTT, BOND, HALLAM, VON HUMBOLDT.

The value of their example to young men-Traits of Mr. Prescott's character, which are within the reach of imitation by others-William Cranch Bond the Astronomer-Remarkable variety and union of qualities, scientific and practical-His amiable temper and disposition-His enthusiasm for Astronomy-Liberal appreciation of others-Visit of Jenny Lind to the Cambridge Observatory-Succeeded in the Observatory at Cambridge by his son George P. Bond-Scientific reputation of Mr. Bond, Jnr.

SINCE I commenced these Papers at the beginning of the year, four persons of great eminence in the scientific and literary world have passed away, two in this country and two in Europe. With all of them it was my happiness to stand in friendly relations,-with three of them I was intimately acquainted. They were all four men who in their respective departments have left no superior. The lives and characters of all of them are full of instruction and encouragement, especially to young men.

There is no brighter example than Prescott's of what may be accomplished by a resolute spirit and a firm purpose. I have already had an opportunity of paying my humble tribute to his memory, before the Massachusetts Historical Society, but I would gladly dwell upon it for a few moments in the columns of THE LEDGER. Undoubtedly he possessed by nature an admirable talent,-intellectual powers of a very high order. But he owed his brilliant success in a very considerable degree to his moral qualities, his fortitude under severe