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roient les intentions des Alliées lorsqu'ils seroient réunis.”

It appears that Marshal Ney fled from Paris in disguise with a passport given to him by the Duc d'Otrante, under a feigned name, on the 6th July. He could not be supposed to be ignorant of the tenor of the 12th Article of the Convention, and he must then have known whether it was the intention of the parties who made it, that it should protect him from the measures which the king, then at St. Denis, should think proper to adopt against him.

But if Marshal Ney could be supposed ignorant of the intention of the 12th Article, the Duc d'Otrante could not, as he was at the head of the provisional government, under whose authority the Prince d'Eckmuhl must have acted when he signed the Convention.

Would the Duc d'Otrante have given a passport under a feigned name to Marshal Ney, if he had understood the 12th Article as giving the Marshal any protection, excepting against measures of severity by the two commanders in chief?

Another proof of what was the opinion of the Duc d'Otrante, of the king's minister, and all the persons most interested in establishing the meaning now attempted to be given to the 12th Article of the Convention of the 3d of July, is the King's Proclamation of the 24th July, by which nineteen persons are ordered for trial, and thirty-eight persons are ordered to quit Paris, and to reside in particular parts of France, under the observation and superintendence of the police, till the

Chambers should decide upon their fate.

Did the Duc d'Otrante, did any of the persons who are the objects of this proclamation, did any persons on their behalf, even then, or now, claim for them the protection of the 12th Article of the Convention?

Certainly the Convention was then understood, as it ought to be understood now, viz. that it was exclusively military, and was never intended to bind the then existing government of France, or any government which should succeed it.

Convention between the Emperor of Russia, the Emperor of Austria, and the King of Prussia.

In the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.

Their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of Russia, having, in consequence of the great events which have marked the course of the three last years in Europe, and especially of the blessings. which it has pleased Divine Providence to shower down upon those States, which place their confidence and their hope on it alone, acquired the intimate conviction of the necessity of founding the conduct to be observed by the Powers in their reciprocal relations upon the sublime truths which the Holy Religion of our Saviour teaches

They solemnly declare that the present act has no other object than to publish, in the face of the whole world, their fixed resolution, both in the administration of their respective states, and in

their political relations with every other Government, to take for their sole guide the precep's of that Holy Religion; namely, the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace, which, far from being applicable only to private concerns, must have an immediate influence on the Councils of Princes, and guide all their steps, as being the only means of consolidating human institutions, and remedying their imperfections. Ir. consequence their Majesties have agreed on the following articles :

Art. 1. Conformably to the words of the Holy Scriptures, which command all men to consider each other as brethren, the three contracting Monarchs will remain united by the bonds of a true and indissoluble fraternity, and considering each other as fellow countrymen, they will on all occasions, and in all places, lend each other aid and assistance; and regarding themselves towards their subjects and armies as fathers of families, they will lead them, in the same spirit of fraternity with which they are animated, to protect religion, peace, and justice.

Art. 2. In consequence, the sole principle in force, whether between the said Governments or between their subjects, shall be that of doing each other reciprocal service. and of testifying, by unalterable good will, the mutual affection with which they ought to be animated, to consider themselves all as members of one and the same Christian nation, the three Allied Princes looking on themselves as merely delegated by Providence to govern three

branches of the one family, namely, Austria, Prussia, and Russia; thus confessing that the Christian world, of which they and their people form a part, has, in reality, no other Sovereign than Him to whom alone power really belongs, because in Him alone are found all the treasures of love, science, and infinite wisdom, that is to say, God, our Divine Saviour, the Word of the Most High, the Word of Life. Their Majesties consequently recommend to their people, with the most tender solicitude, as the sole means of enjoying that peace which arises from a good conscience, and which alone is durable, to strengthen themselves every day more and more in the principles and exercise of the duties which the Divine Saviour has taught to mankind.

Art. 3. All the Powers who shall choose solemnly to avow the sacred principles which have dictated the present act, and shall acknowledge how important it is for the happiness of nations, too long agitated, that these truths should henceforth exercise over the destinies of mankind all the influence which belongs to them, will be received with equal ardour and affection into this holy alliance.

Done in triplicate, and signed at Paris, the year of grace, 1815, 14th (26th) September.

(L. S.)

(L. S.) (L. S.)

FRANCIS. FREDERICK WILLIAM. ALEXANDER.

Decree of the Prince Regent of Portugal, respecting Brazil. Don John, by the grace of God,

Prince Regent of Portugal and of the two Algarves, &c. I make known to all who shall see these presents, that having constantly in my royal mind the most lively wish to cause the prosperity of the states which Divine Providence has intrusted to my sovereign administration: giving, at the same time, due importance to the vast extent and locality of my dominions in America; to the abundance and variety of the precious elements of riches which they contain within themselves; and besides, perceiving how advantageous to my faithful subjects in general must be a perfect union and identity of interests between my kingdoms of Portugal and the two Algarves, and my dominions of Brazil, by raising the latter to that political rank and scale to which, for the above-mentioned reasons, they are entitled; and in which said dominions have already been considered by the Plenipotenti

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3. That for the titles inherent in the crown of Portugal, and which it has hitherto used, shall be substituted in all public acts, the new title of Prince Regent of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the two Algarves, &c. Given at the palace of Rio de Janeiro, this 16th Dec. 1815. (Signed) THE PRINCE. (Countersigned)

The Marquis DE AGUIAR.

A Convention to regulate the Commerce between the territories of the United States and those of his Britannic Majesty.

The United States of America and his Britannic Majesty, being desirous by a Convention to regulate the commerce and navigation between their respective countries, territories, and people, in such a manner as to render the same reciprocally beneficial and satisfactory, have respectively named Plenipotentiaries, and given them full powers to treat of and conclude such Convention ; that is to say, the President of the United States, by and with the consent of the Senate thereof, hath appointed for their Plenipotentiaries John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, citizens of the United States; and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, acting in the name and

on

behalf of his Majesty, has named for his Plenipotentiaries, the Right Hon. Frederick John Robinson, Vice President of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, Joint Paymaster of his Majesty's Forces, and a Member of the Imperial Parliament; Henry Goulburn, Esq.

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a Member of the Imperial Parliament, and Under Secretary of State, and William Adams, Esq. Doctor of Civil Laws; and the said Plenipotentiaries having mutually produced and shewn their said full powers, and exchanged copies of the same, have agreed on and concluded the following Articles, viz.

merce.

Art. 1. There shall be between the territories of the United States of America, and all the territories of his Britannic Majesty in Europe, a reciprocal liberty of comThe inhabitants of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come with their ships and cargoes to all such places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid to which other foreigners are permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any parts of the said territories respectively; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce, but subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively.

2. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation to the United States of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of his Britannic Majesty in Europe of any articles, the growth, produce, or inanufacture of the United States, than are or shall be payable on the like

articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign countries; nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed on either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States, or to his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, or of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, to or from the said territories of his Britannic Majesty in Europe, to or from the said United States, which shall not be equally extended to all other nations.

No higher or other duties or charges shall be imposed in any of the ports of the United States on British vessels, than those payable in the same ports by vessels of the United States, nor in the ports of any of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, on the vessels of the United States, than shall be payable in the same ports on British vessels. The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the United States of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, whether such importation shall be in vessels of the United States, or in British vessels, and the same duties shall be paid on the importation into the ports of any of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, whether such importation

portation shall be in British vessels, or in the vessels of the United States.

The same duties shall be paid and the same bounties allowed on the exportation of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe to the United States, whether such exportation shall be in British vessels, or vessels of the United States, and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties allowed on the exportation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States to his Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, whether such exportation shall be in British vessels, or in vessels of the United States.

It is further agreed, that in all places where drawbacks are or may be allowed upon the re-exportation of any goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of either country respectively, the amount of the said drawbacks shall be the same, whether the said goods shall have been originally imported in a British or American vessel, but when such re-exportation shall take place from the United States in a British vessel, or from territories of his Britannic Majesty in Europe in an American vessel, to any other foreign nation; the two Contracting Parties reserve to themselves respectively the right of regulating or diminishing in such case the amount of the said drawback.

The intercourse between the United States and his Britannic Majesty's possessions in the West Indies, and on the Continent of North America, shall not be affected by any of the provisions of VOL. LVIII.

this article, but each party shall remain in the complete possession of its rights, with respect to such an intercourse.

3. His Britannic Majesty agrees that the vessels of the United States of America shall be admitted, and hospitably received, at the principal settlements of the British dominions in the East Indies; videlicet, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and the Prince of Wales's Island; and that the citizens of the said United States may freely carry on trade between the said principal settlements and the said United States in all articles of which the importation and exportation respectively to and from the said territories shall not be entirely prohibited, provided only, that it shall not be lawful for them, in any time of war between the British Government and any State or Power whatever, to export from the said territories, without the special permission of the British Government, any military stores, or naval stores, or rice; the citizens of the United States shall pay for their vessels, when admitted, no higher or other duty or charge, than shall be payable on the vessels of the most favoured European nations, and they shall pay no higher or other duties or charges on the importation or exportation of the cargoes of the said vessels, than shall be payable on the same articles when imported or exported in the vessels of the most favoured European nations. But it is expressly agreed, that the vessels of the United States shall not carry any articles from the said principal settlements to any port or place, except to some port or 2 C

place

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