The Principles of Political Economy Applied to the Condition, the Resources, and the Institutions of the American People

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Little, Brown, 1859 - 546 ページ
 

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Rule of discounting only short paper
347
Reflux of banknotes explained
350
Banks compete with each other for their share of the circulation
357
Expedients for the security of the circulation
363
The Treasury fund might support a good circulation
369
THE DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF MONEY
392
Great fluctuations of this supply
398
The present decline but little retarded by a greater demand for money
404
Specie reserves absorbed by the rise of prices
410
Change in the relative values of gold and silver will not indicate
416
Silver is not now a standard of value
422
Commerce anticipates changes of price
428
Speculators cannot control the price of grain
434
Purchases can be made to any extent without money
440
American examples
446
Other causes affect the amount of disposable capital
452
The evils of excessive importation explained
458
Ruinous effects of the tariff of 1846
464
More imports obtained by lessening the price of exports
466
How England has extended her manufactures
472
Protective duties on them are a clear saving
478
Patents and copyrights are protective duties
484
Individuals not so much benefited
490
Natural right limited to ones own earnings
496
Different systems of distributing the estate
502
Excessive subdivision of land not to be dreaded
508
Division of estates in France has reached its limit
509
Perpetuities forbidden in law established in fact
515
Amount of sales under this commission
521
Results of the two systems taken side by side
527
Absenteeism and middlemen in Ireland
533
Natural limit to excessive accumulation
539

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136 ページ - In two centuries the population would be to the means of subsistence as 256 to 9; in three centuries as 4096 to 13, and in two thousand years the difference would be almost incalculable.
126 ページ - The laws and conditions of the production of wealth, partake of the character of physical truths. There is nothing optional, or arbitrary in them. Whatever mankind produce, must be produced in the modes, and under the conditions, imposed by the constitution of external things, and by the inherent properties of their own bodily and mental structure.
60 ページ - One of those boys, who loved to play with his companions, observed that, by tying a string from the handle of the valve which opened this communication, to another part of the machine, the valve would open and shut without his assistance, and leave him at liberty to divert himself with his playfellows.
34 ページ - With many a weary step, and many a groan, Up the high hill he heaves a huge round stone; The huge round stone, resulting with a bound, Thunders impetuous down, and smokes along the ground.
91 ページ - Thirdly, and lastly, commerce and manufactures gradually introduced order and good government, and with them the liberty and security of individuals, among the inhabitants of the country, who had before lived almost in a continual state of war with their neighbours, and of servile dependency upon their superiors.
503 ページ - They came to a new country. There were as yet no lands yielding rent, and no tenants rendering service. The whole soil was unreclaimed from barbarism. They were themselves, either from their original condition, or from the necessity of their common interest, nearly on a general level in respect to property.
229 ページ - The property which every man has in his own labor, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable.
503 ページ - In my judgment, therefore, a republican form of government rests not more on political constitutions than on those laws which regulate the descent and transmission of property. Governments like ours could not have been maintained, where property was holden according to the principles of the feudal system; nor, on the other hand, could the feudal constitution possibly exist with us. Our New England ancestors brought hither no great capitals from Europe ; and if they had, there was nothing productive...
237 ページ - In every society the price of every commodity finally resolves itself into some one or other, or all of those three parts; and in every improved society, all the three enter more or less, as component parts, into the price of the far greater part of commodities.
12 ページ - What is annually saved is as regularly consumed as what is annually spent, and nearly in the same time too ; but it is consumed by a different set of people.

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