The Works of Adam Smith: The nature and causes of the wealth of nationsT. Cadell, 1811 |
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adminiſtration affeffed againſt almoſt altogether ancient ancient Greece annuities arifing artificers becauſe befides BOOK Britain Britiſh cafes capital caufes church cifed circumftances clergy commodities confequence confiderable confift confumer confumption cultivation cuſtoms debt diminiſh duties eſtabliſhed Europe excife exerciſes expence faid fame manner fecurity feems feldom feven fhillings fhould filver firft firſt fmall fociety foldiers fome fometimes foon fovereign ftate ftill fubfiftence fubject fuch fufficient fund fuperior fuppofed fupport fyftem greater greateſt himſelf houfes houſes impofed increaſe induſtry intereft itſelf joint ftock juftice labour land land-tax landlord leaſt lefs leſs levied malt manufactures meaſure ment merchants moft moſt muft muſt neceffarily neceffary occafion paid particular perfon perhaps poffible pounds prefent produce profit proportion purchaſe purpoſe raifing raiſed reaſonable refpect rent revenue ſeems ſtanding army ſtate ſtock themſelves theſe thofe thoſe thouſand tion trade univerfities uſe whole
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124 ページ - The directors of such companies, however, being the managers rather of other people's money than of their own, it cannot well be expected that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private copartnery frequently watch over their own.
21 ページ - He seems not to have considered that, in the political body, the natural effort which every man is continually making to better his own condition is a principle of preservation capable of preventing and correcting, in many respects, the bad effects of a political economy, in some degree, both partial and oppressive.
257 ページ - ... 4. Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state. A tax may either take out or keep out of the pockets of the people a great deal more than it brings into the public treasury, in the four following ways.
256 ページ - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
42 ページ - Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man, or order of men. The sovereign is completely discharged from a duty, in the...
73 ページ - The affluence of the rich excites the indignation of the poor, who are often both driven by want, and prompted by envy, to invade his possessions. It is only under the shelter of the civil magistrate, that the owner of that valuable property, which is acquired by the labour of many years, or perhaps of many successive generations, can sleep a single night in security.
182 ページ - ... no occasion to exert his understanding, or to exercise his invention, in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.
186 ページ - But though the common people cannot, in any civilized society, be so well instructed as people of some rank and fortune, the most essential parts of education, however, to read, write, and account, can be acquired at so early a period of life that the greater part even of those who are to be bred to the lowest occupations have time to acquire them before they can be employed in those occupations.
331 ページ - By necessaries I understand not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for the support of life, but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without.
146 ページ - ... are those of which all the operations are capable of being reduced to what is called a Routine, or to such a uniformity of method as admits of little or no variation. Of this kind is, first, the banking trade: secondly, the trade of insurance from fire, and from sea risk and capture in time of war; thirdly, the trade of making and maintaining a navigable cut or canal; and, fourthly, the similar trade of bringing water for the supply of a great city.