The philosophy of morals |
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多く使われている語句
absolute absurd action Adam Smith admit agreeable emotion appear application approbation argument arise axioms beneficial benevolence cause character circumstances conceived conduct conscience consequences consist constitution contrary degree Deist Deity desire disposition doctrine Dugald Stewart duty equal evil excite exercise exist explain fact favour feel fit effects genus greater guilt happiness inclination instance judge judgment lence less matter means ment merely merit mind misery mode moral agent moral character moral distinctions moral faculty moral obligation moral rules moral sense moral virtue morally right motive Napoleon Bonaparte nature necessarily necessary necessary truth notion object obligatory opposed pain particular perceive perception perform pleasure possess principle produced promise promote proposition punishment question racter reason regard relation respect right and wrong sentiments shew shewn Sir James Mackintosh speak species suppose supposition tain theory thing Thomas Brown tion true truth unfit utility vice virtuous
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160 ページ - Examine the crime of ingratitude, for instance, which has place wherever we observe good-will expressed and known, together with good-offices performed, on the one side, and a return of ill-will or indifference with ill-offices or neglect on the other: anatomize all these circumstances and examine, by your reason alone, in what consists the demerit or blame.
56 ページ - ... in the case of justice, where a man, taking things in a certain light, may often seem to be a loser by his integrity.
129 ページ - Actions in the abstract are right or wrong, according to their tendency ; the agent is virtuous or vicious, according to his design. Thus, if the question be, Whether relieving common beggars be right or wrong ? we inquire into the tendency of such a conduct to the public advantage or inconvenience. If the question be...
161 ページ - Enquire then, first, where is that matter of fact which we here call crime; point it out, determine the time of its existence, describe its essence or nature, explain the sense or faculty to which it discovers itself. It resides in the mind of the person who is ungrateful.
56 ページ - ... a loser by his integrity. And though it is allowed that, without a regard to property, no society could subsist; yet, according to the imperfect way in which human affairs are conducted, a sensible knave, in particular incidents, may think, that an act of iniquity or infidelity will make a considerable addition to his fortune, without causing any considerable breach in the social union and confederacy. That honesty is the best policy, may be a good general rule, but it is liable to many exceptions:...
57 ページ - If his heart rebel not against such pernicious maxims, if he feel no reluctance to the thoughts of villany or baseness, he has indeed lost a considerable motive to virtue; and we may expect, that his practice will be answerable to his speculation.
161 ページ - ... compared to two added to three, it will contain as many- units as that compound number. But when you draw thence a comparison to moral relations, I own that I am altogether at a loss to understand you.
45 ページ - And, if it be not necessary, in the case of a science which we regard as the surest of all sciences, that the proportions of figures should be any thing inherent in the figures, — why should it be required, before we put confidence in morality, that right and wrong should be something existing in the individual agents ? It is not easy, indeed, to understand what is meant by such an inherence as is required in this postulate; or what other relations, actions can be supposed to have...
55 ページ - Having removed these false springs of virtuous actions, let us next establish the true one, viz. some determination of our nature to study the good of others ; or some instinct, antecedent to all reason from interest, which influences us to the love of others...
57 ページ - But in all ingenuous natures the antipathy to treachery and roguery is too strong to be counterbalanced by any views of profit or pecuniary advantage. Inward peace of mind, consciousness of integrity, a satisfactory review of our own conduct, these are circumstances very requisite to happiness, and will be cherished and cultivated by every honest man who feels the importance of them.