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year, he is most times mounted on a high feat on the back of an elephant, and the guide fits on the neck of the beast. This monarch has likewife fome hundreds of thefe animals kept in his fervice, many out of oftentation and a fhew of grandeur; for fince the use of cannon they can be of no very great fervice in battle, but are very eafily put into disorder, and frightened by the firing and noife of those terrible inftruments. When the king of Cochin, on the coaft of Malabar, goes abroad,

he rides on an elephant, and is attended by his negroes on foot.

Many other inftances might be related of the actions and furprifing qualities of the elephant, and of the esteem he is in, and the ufe which is made of him by, different nations; but we have already related a fufficient number, to prove that this is a most ingenious and wonderful animal, and without doubt approaches the nearest to buman fenfibility and rationality, of any creature in the world.

To the Authors of the BRITISH MAGAZINE.

REASONS why EASTER-DAY falls on the 22d of March, 1761.

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Eafter-day, or the Feast of the Paffover, by all the primitive Fathers, and the Council of Nice, was agreed to be observed on the Sunday next after the Full Moon, which fucceeded the vernal Equinox; that is, when the fun entered the firft fcruple of the fign Aries; or, otherwise, when the days and nights are exactly equal in March; which fell on the 21st of March 1436 years ago, when the Council of Nice was held; but the common year of 365 days, fix hours, and leap year of 366 days, (which have been observed fince the year was fo regulated by Julius Cæfar) being fomewhat more than II minutes longer than a folar tropical year; the times of the equinoxes go backward, and fall earlier by about 1 day in 130 years; and if 1436 be divided by 130, it will quote 11, the number of days the equinox has fallen back fince the Council

February 1761.

of Nice and confequently caufed the vernal equinox, as by Old Stile, to fall on the 10th and 11th of March: but pope Gregory XIII. in the year 1582, perceiving this.variation, caufed ten days to be ftruck out of that year, which restored the vernal equinox to the 21st of March again, and this form was called the Gregorian, or New Stile, which, being the true one, was embraced in England, and ordered by Parliament to commence the 21ft of January 1752, and taking 11 days out of the month of September 1752, has brought the vernal equinox to fall on the 20th or 21st of March every year fince; and alfo, the Feast of the Paffover, or Eafter, to be celebrated according to the original institution, and the intent of the Council of Nice; that is, on the Sunday next after the Full Moon, immediately after the vernal equinox; and also makes the civil or political year to keep pace with the folar year; for even this year 1761, wherein we have as early an Easter as can poffibly happen, the equinox falling on March the 20th, in the morning, and the Full Moon between five and fix in the evening, yet the equinox precedes the Full Moon; and the whole fhews that the table in the Common PrayerBook is of no longer ufe than the lunar difference from the New Stile will admit

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An Account of New Books, Pamphlets, &c.

Modern Univerfal Hiftory, Vol. XXVI. Price The Jealous Wife. A Comedy. Price 13. 6d.

55. Millar.

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L'Arte Armonica; or, a Treatise on the Compofition of Mufick. Written in Italian by George Antoniotto. Pr. 1. 10. Johnfton.

Very learned, and very abftrufe.

Aphorifmi de Cognofcendis & Curandis Mar

bis nonnullis, ad principia Animalia accom-
modati, a Gulielmo Battie, M. D. Price
10s. 6d. Whiston.

Thefe aphorifms are both profound and

oracular.

De Selis ac Lunae Defectibus, &c. 10s. 6d. Millar.

Price

An admirable performance, in which the amazing discoveries of aftronomy are difplayed with all the graces of poetical elegance.

1

Burnet on Education. Price 1s. 6d. Wilfon.
Rude and broad, yet fenfible.
Bower's Hiftory of the Popes, Vol. V.
11s. 6d. Sandby.

1

Davies.

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Very dull, and very obscene.

A Collection of Letters on the most interesting and important Subje&s, and on several Occafions. By William Law, M. A. Price 35. Richardfon.

Obfcure and mystical.

A Shandean Essay on buman Faffions; with a Smack bere and there of Butler, Prior, Swift, Pope, &c. Price 1s. Cooke.

To these we would add the Smack of Busby's Birch.

Price Critical Reflections on the old English Dramatic Writers: intended as a Preface to the Works of Maffinger. Addreffed to David Garrick, Efq; Price 15. Davies. Written with tafte, elegance, and eru, dition.

The author has clapped a cracker to its tail, to frighten away the criticks: but we look upon it as the laft glimmer of a farthing candle, that goes off in a stink. The Life and Opinions of Triftram Shandy, Vol. III. and IV. Price 65. Dodsley. Alas, poor Yorick! was it the nose or the cerebellum that thofe unlucky forceps compreffed ?---My fervice to your mother's I'll tell you what I mean in the next chapter but it had been well for the father, and perhaps for the public, that The had remained all her life un---- You'll find the fequel in Slawkenbergius.--O, my dear Rabelais! and my yet dearer Cervantes! Ab, mon cher Ciceron! je le connois bien; c'eft le meme que Marc Tulle! Mr. Shandy, here's a cup of freth caudle at your honour's fervice.

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A Journal of the Travels of Nathaniel Snip, a Methodist Preacher of the Word, &c. Price 6d. Briftow.

Here is a remnant of humour, embroidered with the needle of wit; but the figures are spoiled by the hot goofe of prophane application.

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Anecdotes concerning the famous John Reinhold Patkul, &c. Pr. Is.

Millar.

This may be termed the Ordinary's account of his last dying words and execution, and no man of humanity will read

it without emotion.

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Answers to MATHEMATICAL QUESTIONS.
Queft. 21. conftructed by Mr. C. G. of Greenwich.

Defcribe the femircircle
OSH, draw AS at right
angles to OH, to reprefent
the wind at fouth, 6 points
from S to B and G, draw
AB and A G = 360, set off
AD the course of the
rent 127, draw BC and
Ga parallel to A D, and
likewife 127, compleat the
two parallelograms ABCD

cur

F

A

S

H

B

D

and A Ga D, then draw the two diagonals AC and AF continued, fet off the port at E as per question, and thro' E parallel to AC draw FE, to cut the diagonal Aa (continued) in F; then will AF measured give the diftance failed on the ftarboard tack, and FE the distance run on the larboard tack.

-We

Mr. Barker, after having fet off the port at E, and compleated the parallelogram ABCD, with the diagonal AC, in the fame manner as Mr. C. G. has done above, he draws the line CE to the port E, and concludes that AC is the real run on the larboard tack, and CE on the ftarboard tack.. have omitted both thefe gentlemen's calculations, because they are the only perfons that have favoured us with folutions to this question, which differ fo widely, that we think we fhall give lefs offence to either of them, by com pofing a new question from the conftructions above, to be folved in a fubfequent Magazine.

Queft. 22. by Mr. T. Barker, Schoolmaster at Weft Hall, Suffolk.

Put a BD 126, b = 23457.28, c=0.2618, d=GH=65, x=DK=KI, and y = EF; then a—x-BK, and a—zx— BI: alfo, per fimilar triangles, as a-2x (BI) :y (EF) : : a—≈ (BK): d (GH). Again, a− 2 x × cy2 = 6 per queft. whence x = dyxa

zd-y

b

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per first and fecond

equation, which brought out of fractions, and

B

E

I

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put into numbers, gives 0.00140625μ3 +

y= 130; folved, gives y=40EF, then

x=35=DK=IK, and AC-90, &c. A

D

C

Ths queftion was alfo neatly conftructed and folved by Mr. E. Johnson of Hull, Mr. Longmate, Mr. Tennant, Mr. Vevers, and fome others.

Quest. 23. anfevered by Mr. Ed. Johnson of Hull.

By comparing the fecond and third equations, we have+xxx2+

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the first equation becomes 1+2y=108243217, reduced x=10404; this

being doubled, and added to, and fubtracted from the fecond equation, and then taking the fquare roots, we get x+y=1740, and x-y=1728; hence x=1734, and 6: confequently Mr. Harris was born the first of June 1734.

Meff Barker, Tennant, Vevers, Harris, Crafs, Longmate, and Ogle, anfwered this question.

Quest 24. anfwered by Stephen Ogle of Rotherhithe.

C

Let 2a 50.26=35, c= the excess of the great above the leffer part, and x=the distance of the centre, from the partition; then per infinite feries we

26

fhall have

3x Xax -

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a

ба

403 a 1125a

&c. o, from whence, by taking

4 or 5 of the terms c (because the feries converges pretty faft) the value of

x may be obtained very nearly.

Meff. Johnson, Longmate, Tennant, Harris, Crafs, and Barker, fent elegant folutions to this question.

Quest. 25. anfwered by Mr. J. Metcalf of Wentworth-House,
[See Fig. at the Question.]

180°-32° 32′ 12.

BAC73° 44' 24", and 180° BAC BAE

2

BAC

=106° 15' 36"; then half the natural fine of
BAE
tural fine of.

3, and half the na4. Now, their fum being 7, and BC + BE (by the

2

2

queftion) 70, the chords, and diameter required, are 30, 40, and 50 repectively.

This question was likewife anfwered by Meff. Johnfon, Harris, Tennant, Longmate, Vevers, Barker, and Ogle.

New MATHEMATICAL QUESTIONS.

Question 30.

Required, a demonftration of Mr. C. G.'s and Mr. Barker's conftruction to Queft, 21, and to determine which of these gentlemen are out in their folutions ?

Queft. 31, by Mr. Barker Schoolmaster.

xy2 x 3 == 73728

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yz2x3624576
2x2y3c=27648

Quere, x, y, and z, by an equation, not exceeding a cubic?

Queft. 32. by Mr. T. Walker, of Colnbridge, Yorkshire.

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lux x2 + y2 +22=24750b)

Queft. 33. by Mr. Ogle of Rotherhithe.

Given the area of an oval 100, to determine the diameters when in the ratio of 2 to 1; alfo to determine the diameters of an ellipfis of the fame pro portion and area?

Poetical ESSAYS for JANUARY, 1761.

PROLOGUE to the JEALOUS WIFE. Writtea by Mr. LLOYD. Spoken by Mr. GARRICK,

THE Jealous Wife!

poor man!

...... a comedy!

A charming fubje&t! but a wretched plan. His skittish wit, o'er-leaping the due bound, Commits flat trefpafs upon tragic ground, Quarrels, upbraidings, jealoufies and spleen, Grow too familiar in the comic scene; Tinge but the language with heroic chime, 'Tis paffion, pathos, character, fublime : What round big words had fwell'd the pompous fcene,

A King the husband, and the wife a Queen! Then might diftraction rend her graceful hair, [and ftare : See fightless forms, and fcream, and gape, Drawcanfir death had rang'd without controul, [fon'd bowl. Here, the drawn dagger; there, the poiWhat eyes had ftream'd at all the whining woe! [Oh! What hands had thunder'd at each Hali and But peace! the gentle prologue, custom fends, [friends. Like drum and Serjeant, to beat up for At vice and folly, each a lawful game, Our author flies, but with no partial aim. He read the manners, open as they lie In nature's volume to the general eye. Books too he read, nor blush'd to use their ftore,

He does but what his betters did before. Shakespeare has done it; and the Grecian ftage [page. Caught truth of character from Homer's If in his fcenes an honest skill is fhewn, And borrowing little, much appears his

own:

If what a master's happy pencil drew
He brings more forward in dramatic view :
To your decifion he fubmits his caufe,
Secure of candor, anxious for applause.

But if, all rude, his artlefs fcenes deface The fimple beauties which he meant to grace:

Hf, an invader upon other's land,
He spoil and plunder, with a robber's hand:
Do justice on him, as on fools before:
And give to blockheads past one blockhead

more.

EPILOGUE; Spoken by Mrs. CLIVE

LADIES! I've had a squabble with the

poet.....

[it. About his characters....and you shall know Young man, faid I, reftrain your faucy fatire!

My part's ridiculous...falfe...out of nature. Fine draughts indeed of ladies! fure you hate 'em! ; [tum. Why, Sir !....my part is Scandalum MagnaLord, Ma'am, faid he, to copy life my

trade is,

And poets ever have made free with ladies: One Simon....the duce take fuch names as thefe !

A hard Greek name...O...ay...Simonides... He fhew'd our freaks, this whim, and that defire, [from fire; 'Rofe first from earth, fea, air, nay fome` Or that we owe our perfons, minds and features [creatures.

To birds, forfooth, and filthy four legg'dThe dame, of manners various, temper

fickle,

Now all for pleasure, now the conventicle !. Who prays, then raves, now calm, now all commotion

Rifes another Venus, from the ocean.

Conftant at ev'ry fale, the curious fair, Who longs for Drefden, and old China? ware ; [man Who doats on pagods, and gives up vile For niddle-noddle figures from Japan; Critic in jars and joffes fhéws her birth Drawn, like the brittle ware itself from earth. [vain, The flaunting fhe, fo ftately, rich, and Who gains her conquests by her length of While all her vanity is under fail, [train; Sweeps a proud peacock, with a gaudy tail. Husband and wife, with fweets! and

dears! and loves!

What are they, but a pair of cooing doves?. But feiz'd with fpleen, fits, humours, and

all that,

Your dove and turtle turn to dog and cat. The goffip, prude, old maid, coquette, and trapes, [apes: Are parrots, foxes, magpies, wasps, and. But the, with ev'ry charm of form and' mind, [her kind. Oh! fhe's....fweet foul!.... the phoenix of The

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