George lord Abergavenny. The daughters of the faid Henry and Frances were, Elizabeth, married to Thomas, fon of Sir Nicholas Pelham,before-mentioned; Grace, to William Poole, Efq; Frances, to Francis, fon and heir of Sir James Poole, bart. and Lucy, to Talbot Yelverton, fir earl of Suffex.

Sir Thomas, the first lord Pelham, fucceeded in January 1702-3, to the estate and title of his father Sir John Pelham. He was returned member to the parlia ment, fummoned to meet in 1679, and continued a member in every fubfequent parliament, till he was called up to the higher house. Having been a keen partizan for the caufe of the prince and princefs of Orange, in the convention-parliament, he was, after their elevation to the throne, twice appointed one of the commiffioners of the treafury. At the acceffion of queen Anne he refigned his office : but on the 29th of Dec. 1706, when the intereft of his friends the Whigs prevailed, he was created lord Pelham, baron Pelham of Laughton, which title he enjoyed until the 23d of February, 1711-12, when he departed this life. His lordship, by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Jones (attorney-general to Charles II) had two daughters, Lucy, who died unmarried, and Elizabeth the first lady of Charles, late viscount Townshend, and mother of the prefent viscount, &c. Lord Pelham's fecond lady was Grace, youngest daughter of Gilbert Holles, earl of Clare, and father of John late duke of Newcastle. By her he had five daughters, viz. Grace, married to George Nailor, Efq; Frances, to the viscount Caftlecomer of Ireland; Gertrude, to David Polhil, Efq; Lucy, to Henry late earl of Lincoln; and Margaret, to Sir John Shelly, bart. The faid lady Grace Holles bore to him two fons, viz. Thomas his fon and heir, now duke of Newcastle, and Henry Pelham. The faid Henry Pelham commanded a troop of dragoons, in Dormer's regiment, at the affair of Preston, in 1715; in 1720, he was appointed treasurer of the chamber to George I. in 1721, one of the lords of the treafury; in 1724, fecretary of war, and in 1725, a privy-counfellor. At the acceffion of George II. in 1727, he was continued at the council-board, and in the employment of fecretary of war; which laft he refigned in 1730, when he was

invefted with the office of pay-mafter-general of the army. This department he quitted in 1743, for one of more extenfive influence and power, being then placed at the head of the treasury, as first commiffioner thereof, and chancellor and under-treasurer of the exchequer : in which high ftation he died on the 6th of March, 1754, with the character of a minifter endued with feveral great and amiable qualities. He fat in every parliament from 1717 to his death; and was one of the regency during four of the vifits made by the late George II. to his German dominions. In 1726, he married the lady Catherine Manners, daughter of John, first duke of Rutland; and hy her had several fons and daughters, of whom the following only lived to the age of maturity, viz. Catherine, married in 1744 to Henry earl of Lincoln; Grace, in 1752, to Lewis Monfon Watson, now lord Sondes of LeesCourt; and Frances and Mary unmarried.

Thomas, duke of Newcastle, was born on the ift of July, 1693; and, with the estate and titles of his father Thomas lord Pelham, inherited his zeal for the Hanoverian fucceffion; of which he gave signal proofs both within and without doors. According to the will of his uncle, John duke of Newcastle, who died in 1711, he fucceeded to his large poffeffions, and added the furname and arms of Holles to his own. On the acceffion of George 1. to the crown, in 1714, he was declared lordlieutenant, and cuftes rotulorum of the counties of Middlex, and Nottingham, and liberty of Westminster, and also steward, &c. of Sherwood-forest and Folewoodpark, in Nottinghamshire. In the same year he was created viscount Haughton, and earl of Clare; and in 1715, marquis of Clare, and duke of Newcastle, with remainder, in cafe of his want of issue male, to his aforementioned brother Henry, and his heirs-male. In 1717, he was appointed lord-chamberlan of the houfhold, and fworn one of the privy-council. In November, the fame year, his Grace, by his Majesty's command, ftood god-father, in his own name, at the baptifm of a child of the prince of Wales (the late George II.) which his highness (who intended his uncle the bishop of Ofnaburg, for one of the fponfors by proxy) refented in such expreffions to his Grace, that if a former

difference

from the Iroquois and Mahingans, had arrived at Montreal, he repaired to that place, and affembled them together without delay. He harrangued them in a fet fpeech, explaining how much it would be for their intereft to live in friendship with the French, and perceiving that his res monftrance had a proper effect, he refolved to feal it with an incident, which would make the deeper impreffion on their imaginations. He ordered the three foldiers who had murdered the Iroquois chief, to be produced, and immediately shot in their presence. He, at the fame time, declared he would spare no pains to apprehend the other three who had affaffinated the Mahingans, that he might punish them in the fame manner; in the mean time, he indemnified both nations for the furs which the ruffians had taken away. The Indians were equally astonished and pleased with this unexpected stroke of justice. Even the Iroquois deputies could not help shedding tears at the fate of the three affaffins. The peace was re-established, and the affembly at that time difmiffed in great good humour. The governor being determined to convince them, that it was not through fear he had made the facrifice to appeafe their refentment, formally declared that as the Iroquois and Outawawas had begun to make incurfions upon each other, and their mutual hoftilities might involve many other nations in the calamities of war; he would not fuffer the tranquility of the other tribes to be thus invaded, but punifh with the fame rigour he had lately exercifed upon his own people, thofe who fhould refufe to accommodate their differences on reafonable terms. He defired therefore, that both nations fhould fend deputies to him to explain their grievances, which he would take care to redrefs with the most scrupulous regard to justice. This bold declaration, which breathes the true fpirit of French infolence and encroachment, had the defired effect. They obeyed his injunction. They fent deputies to Quebec, and preferred their complaints to Courcelles, as to a fuperior Being. His authority was on this occafion, reinforced by the influence of the famous chief Garakonthia, who went thither as deputy from his canton, co-operated with the governor in healing divifions; and all difputes being happily terminated, at length publicly declared himself a profelyte to the Chrif

tian religion. The bishop, at his request admitted him to the facrament of baptifme The governor-general food god-fathers and bestowed upon him his own name Daniel; and the ceremony was performed with great pomp, in presence of all the Indian deputies, who were fumptuously re galed at the general's expence. While Mr. de Courcelles thus exerted himself in holding the balance of authority among the Indian nations, the northern parts of Canada were almost depopulated by the small-pox, which the Europeans had in troduced. This peftilential malady made fuch havock among the Attikamegas, that the whole nation was exterminated grat least, if any did escape, they retired among their distant tribes, who had no communi cation with the French colony. Tadoussac was quite deferted; and this was the cafe with Trois Rivieres, from whence the Algonquins retired to Cape Magdalen. Tha fame distemper in the sequel, attacked the Indian town of Sylleri, where, of fifteen hundred favages infected with it, not one individual furvived. In order to repair this lofs, another fociety of Hurons was established at a place called Loretto, about two leagues from Quebec, and the settlement throve apace.

[An. 1671.] In the courfe of the following year, the general peace among the Indians was enfringed by the Tfonnonthuans, the most remote tribe of the Iro quois, who fuddenly attacked the Poutcoutamies, without any cause of provocation affigned. Mr. de Courcelles was no fooner apprized of this tranfaction, than he gave the aggreffors to understand he took it highly amifs, that contrary to his order, and in violation of their own oath, they had presumed to attack a peaceable nation, who repofed themselves in fecurity on the faith of treaties. He told them he would not fuffer them to enfringe the peace, which they ought to refpect as a work of his hands: finally, he infifted upon their delivering their prifoners to him, threate ning that in cafe of their proving refrac tory, he would come and treat their can. ton as he had formerly treated the district of Agnier. The Tfonnonthuans were extremely incenfed at this haughty message. They afked if all the nations of that great continent, became the fubjects of France as foon as Chriftian miffionaries were fettled among them, and whether they had refigned

refigned the right of revenging the infults. they might receive. They obferved that although the tribes of the Iroquois had made peace with Ononthio, they never intended to become his vaffals: that they would much rather perish than give up the least particle of their liberty and independence; and defired the French to remember they had made them feel more than once, that they were neither allies to be used with infolence, nor enemies to be treated with contempt. Such were the expreffions fuggefted by the first transports of their refentment; but when they calmly reflected, that they were by no means prepared for a rupture with the French, they thought proper to temporize, and out of thirty-five prifoners they had taken, sent eight to Mr. de Courcelles, who affected to believe these were all they had captivated. This ambassy was performed by the great chief of the Goyogouins, a faft friend to the French colony, and after Garakonthia, the most illuftrious captain of the five nations. He took this opportunity to demand baptism of the bishop, who adminiftred it with all poffible folemnity. Mr. Talon prefented him at the baptismal fount, and named him Lewis. Then he made at his own expence, a grand entertainment for all the Indians that were at Quebec, Sylleri, and Loretto.---About this period, the Chriftian converts belonging to the district of Agnier, finding themLelves grievously restrained in the exercise of their new religion, by the fuperftition and obftinacy of their countrymen, formed the design of retiring under the protection of the French governor, who no fooner received intimation of this scheme, than he by his emiffaries encouraged them in their refolution, forefeeing, that of these be might form a community, which would daily encrease, and in time become a barrier against the Iroquois, in cafe the war fhould be re-kindled. Indeed, by these motives, he received them with open arms, and fettled them among the Hurons at Loretto; but their number encreafing, he afterwards removed them to the south fide of the river St. Laurence, over against Montreal; in the fequel, they were transported to the neighbourhood of the fall of St. Louis. Mr. Talon thought this was a favourable opportunity to execute a design, which he had formed for vesting the French crown with a right of fovereignty, over the re

mote parts of this wide and extended country. For this purpose they employed one Nicholas Perrot, a bold enterprising adventurer, who had been in the service of the Jefuits, and learned the dialects of many different Indian nations. This man being properly instructed, visited as a French deputy, all the northern nations, and invited them to fend envoys in the following fpring to the fall of St. Mary, where they fhould be met by one of the French captains, who would explain to them the will and pleasure of the Great Ononthio; after having obtaired a promife from the northern tribes, that they would obey the fummons, he proceeded westward as far as Chicagou, the country of the Miamis, living upon the banks of the Lake Michigan, and there he met with a very folemn and pompous reception. He fucceeded fo well in his ambaffy, that in the month of May, deputies arrived from all the Indian nations he had vifited, and were met at the fall of St. Mary, by the Sieur St. Luffon, delegated by the intendant of New France, to take poffeffion of the countries inhabited by all thofe nations, and put them under the French king's protection, Father Allouez, one of the miffionaries, having har rangued the Indian deputies in the Al gonquin language, and exhausted all his eloquence in difplaying the power, and extolling the virtues of the French monarch, told them that the greatest happiness they could enjoy would be the protection of fo great a prince, which they would forthwith obtain, by acknowledging him as their great and fupreme chief. The pro pofition was rendered fo palatable, as to be immediately fwallowed by all thofe deluded wretches, who, without foreseeing the confequence, declared with loud acclamation, that they would have no father but the Great Ononthio of the French; and this declaration they confirmed with belts of wampum. Then a pole being fixed in the ground, the arms of France were hoisted upon it, with great ceremo ny; Mr. de St. Luffon took formal poffeffion of the country, and admitted all the inhabitants into the protection of his moft Chriflian Majefty. The ceremony was attended with a folemn Te Deum, and fire. works; and all the deputies were fumptously feafted.

Aug. 6, 1761, Thursday. THE yachts and (maller ships rendezvoufed at Harwich; the fhips of the line lay within fight of Harwich at Oozely Bay.

Aug. 7, Friday. Lord Anfon arrived at Harwich, and in the evening made the fignal for failing.

Aug. 8, Saturday. Lord Anfon in the Royal Charlotte, with the other yachts, came up, and the fhips fell into the following order of failing by his command. VAN.

Hazard, 18 guns.
Lynx, 18 guns, Tartar, 32 guns,
Royal Charlotte.

Winchester, 50 guns, Notingham, 60 guns.
Other yachts.
Minerva, 32 guns.
Larboard. REAR. Starboard.

Aug. 9, Sunday. Squally ftormy winds from one o' clock in the morning, blowing direct on the Yarmouth fands. Towards noon the wind ceased, and the fleet ftood more out. The admiral threw out the Winchester's fignal to chace to the N. E. where the met with the Baltick fleet, and returned to her station.

Aug. 10, Monday. The Winchester took the Hazard in tow, which had loft her foretop and maintopgallant-masts in the storm.

Aug. 13, Thursday. Made Halegoland. Aug. 14, Friday. The Nottingham, Winchester, Tartar, and Minerva anchored at the Red Buoy, about 7 leagues from Cuxhaven, and the fmaller veffels proceeded to the Elbe, which has two channels, a North and a South. The North Elbe has black fand, the South Elbe white fand: no large fhips can go up the North Elbe, for at ebb there is but '12 feet

water.

Aug. 15, Saturday. The yachts came up to Stade, and a messenger was dispatched to the princess, whofe route was fixed so that she was to make her public entry at Stade on Saturday the 22d of August. During this week a few of us, who were not wanted at the fhips, took a trip up the river Elbe, the fhores of which (but efpecially the Danish shore) have many agreeable and romantic views. Here September, 1761.

fome of us walked, and calling at a houfe for refreshment, met with a fine venerable old Dane, who feeling the approaches of death, fpoke with fuch dignity of religious duties, as affected us all. A German baron, who was accidentally in company, in the overflowing of his honest heart, gave him a patriarchal bleffing; and the whole scene from firft to laft might be termed a glorious lecture in divinity. From hence we went by land carriage to Altena, in what they called a waggon, confisting of two hurdles, the fides of which are closed at bottom, and open about 3 feet at top. Two fat a-breaft upon a board, with their feet in a wedge, and their bodies leaning moft agreeably over the wheels, the Dutchman fmoaking his pipe, and driving over every thing, as ruts, posts, &c. without any fort of concern. However we got fafe to Altena, and faw the memorable curiofity in Natural Philofophy, mentioned in their history, of frogs living in the trees. They are a fort of small, green, transparent frogs, and will clamber up the body of the trees, whenever they chance to fall off. The Jews here make the place extremely nafty. The' houfes have all their gable ends to the street; and the poorer fort confists but of one large room, and in fuch the poorer Germans and Danes live with their cows, horfes, pigs, &c. The churches are all of them tawdry. Here we heard that the Danes paid fuch respect to the memory of their late queen, that they took off their hats to her ftatue, which ftands in the Exchange at Copenhagen. Here I cannot help mentioning a drole ftory told me by the man of the inn. 'One Mr. Croker, reader of the Temple church in London, who was then at Altena, had brought over an Azimuth compass of a new, useful, and curious invention, and having made feveral difcoveries, in magnetism, when he came to this place enquired for the profeffor of Natural Philofophy, as they have a fort of university here, in order to communicate, or receive further lights upon that fubject. The man of the inn went with him to the profeffor's house, the footman opened the door and called his mafter. Mr. Croker addreffed him in Latin, told him he was PPP a mefter