When I first became acquainted with Hierotheus in 1842 he was Bishop of Mount Tabor, but was better known by the title of o Aiádoxos-"the successor" i. e. of the Patriarch of Jerusalem; having been nominated to that dignity by the then occupant of the see, in accordance with the prevailing practice. On the death of the Patriarch, however, in 1845, the Porte refused to confirm the nomination of Hierotheus, who was suspected of Russian proclivities ('Pwoσóopwv); and Cyril, Metropolitan of Lydda, was chosen by a free election of the Council of Hagiotaphite. When, however, the Patriarchal See of Antioch became vacant some few years later, Hierotheus was elected to that dignity; and the Porte confirmed the appointment. I have twice seen the Patriarch since his elevation, the last time on August 10th, 1866, when I passed a night in his Monastery of Mar Elias, in the Lebanon, some four hours distant from Beyrout. On that occasion I made enquiries of him concerning any materials that might exist in the Archives of the Patriarchate for a history of his Church, and was disappointed to learn that nothing of the kind was to be found in his house at Damascus; which had then been recently destroyed by fire-not for the first time within recent memory. This may account for the disappearance of all documentary annals of the Church of Antioch. When I made that enquiry, I little expected that it would ever devolve upon me to edit a history of the Patri

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CATALOGUE OF PATRIARCHS OF ANTIOCH

archate. It was made solely in the interests of Dr Neale, and, as I discovered afterwards, within a very few days after his death, on the Festival of the Transfiguration, August 6th.

But although I thus signally failed in my endeavours to procure information concerning the Patriarchate of Antioch at the fountain-head, my disappointment was partially compensated by obtaining valuable assistance from a most unexpected quarter. Soon after I had undertaken the editorship of Dr Neale's fragment at Mr Haskoll's request, I received from my revered friend, the Metropolitan of Chios, a collection of Greek books and pamphlets bearing chiefly upon the recent history of the Orthodox Church. Among these were two volumes of the Minor Works of Constantius, Patriarch of Constantinople; an author well known and highly esteemed in the East for his learned historical, archæological, and topographical works on Constantinople, and on Egypt. This learned man, born in 1770, was educated in the Patriarchal School of Constantinople, from which he passed first to Jassy in Moldavia, and afterwards to Kieff in Russia. Having been elected Archbishop of Mount Sinai in 1805, he was raised to the Ecumenical Throne of Constantinople in 1830. He occupied it only four years, when he was deposed, and joyfully returned to his literary pursuits in the island of Antigonus; where he survived his fall twenty-five years. The collection of his Minor Works was pub

BY CONSTANTIUS OF CONSTANTINOPLE.

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lished in Constantinople in 1866. Among the interesting contents of these volumes I was not a little gratified to find a Treatise entitled, "Concerning the Patriarchs of Antioch until this day," i. e. "until Methodius, the immediate predecessor of Hierotheus, the present Patriarch." This very opportune contribution to my subject enabled me to append to the original fragment of Dr Neale's work a continuous Catalogue of the Patriarchs; and, in some places, something more than a bare Catalogue; for the incidents connected with some of the Patriarchs are full of interest, and narrated in a very graphic style.

I am further indebted to the Metropolitan of Chios for some extracts from the Archives of the Patriarchate of Constantinople (of which he was formerly Secretary), in illustration of the aggressions of the Latin Missionaries in the East, frequently mentioned by Constantius in the biographical notices of later Patriarchs of Antioch.

But besides these unexpected and most opportune contributions to my Volume, I found that I had been unconsciously collecting materials for my unforeseen and unsought-for task, in two Russian Pamphlets, which I have had by me for so many years, that I had actually forgotten the existence of one of them until it came to the surface in the surge of an accumulation of papers, at the very time that it was wanted. These two pamphlets, which are given in

the Appendix, furnish a very excellent conspectus of the present condition of the Orthodox Church in Syria; for little change has taken place in it during the last thirty years.

Such is a brief account of the Supplementary portion of this Volumé. It remains to offer some explanation, or apology, for the Introduction; and to bring it into harmony with Dr Neale's monograph; the nucleus round which so much apparently extraneous matter has formed. That it is not really irrelevant, it will not be difficult to show. A very considerable portion of that marvellous Repertory of Oriental Ecclesiology which his unwearied industry accumulated in the "General Introduction," is devoted to the Church Architecture of the Orthodox Communion and its offshoots. It was many years subsequent to the publication of that work that the enterprize of a French nobleman-whose name, after having been long before the public as a Christian savant, has lately obtained a wider and nobler celebrity in connection with his devoted services as Head of the Ambulance Department on the bloody field of Wörth, where his brother met a soldier's death-the Count Melchior de Vogüé, now French Ambassador at the Porte, discovered and explored a mine of Christian antiquities within the Jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch, which would have furnished Dr Neale with materials for another important and interesting Chapter on the Eastern Ecclesiology.

Very inadequate as I am to the task of expanding his work, I feel that I ought not to let slip this opportunity of introducing to the notice of the English reader those very large remains of piety and civilization which illustrate in so remarkable a manner the religious life of the Asiatic Christians in the palmy days of the Church of Antioch, during the lifetime of S. John Chrysostom and other eminent lights of the Christian East; particularly as I can do this from my own actual observation: for shortly after I had heard from the Count de Vogüé of the discovery of these Christian cities, I was presented with an opportunity of visiting them, of which I gladly availed myself.

That visit too is closely associated in my mind with the memory of the lamented Dr Neale; for it was in the midst of these noble memorials of the Orthodox Faith, and on the eve of our visit to the grandest monument of one of its most remarkable phases, that the intelligence of his death reached us; and his name was uppermost in our thoughts on the following day, as, amid the ruins of the magnificent Church of Symeon the Stylite, we commemorated, in the Scottish Liturgy, all those "lights of the world in their several generations," who, "having finished their course in faith, do now rest from their labours."

Neither is the subject irrelevant to the History contained in the following pages; for the vast expanse of ruins of which I am to speak is situated in