mostly occupied by the Caucasian race? What is the only extensive region in the southern half of North America which is not occupied by
Into what two great branches is the Caucasian race divided? Ans. The Japhetic or Indo-European branch, and the Semitic or Syro-Arabian branch. Why are these branches termed Japhetic and Semitic? Ans. Because, by many writers, the members of the former are supposed to be descendants of Japheth, the youngest son of Noah; and those of the latter, of Shem, the oldest son of Noah.
Which of these branches occupies northern Africa? What great peninsula in Asia, and the country between the river Euphrates and the eastern part of what sea, does it inhabit? On the southern border of what peninsula in Europe is it fouad? Does this branch predominate elsewhere?
What variety of the Semitic branch is found in Egypt? Of what ancient people are they the present representatives? Ans. The ancient Egyptians. Of what is the population of the Barbary States mainly composed? What inhabitants are found on the northwestern border of the Sahara? Ans. B-s. What branch of the Caucasian race includes all the families of the same that are widely dispersed? What variety of this branch occupies eastern Europe? What, southwestern Europe? What, the rest of Europe, inhabited by the Caucasian race, including Iceland and most of the British Isles ? In what region of North America are the inhabitants of Indo-European stock largely intermixed with aboriginal American? What part of South America is a continuation of this region? By what Europeans was the southern part of this region mainly settled? Ans. By Spaniards. In what part of South America is there a similar region? Between the mouths of what great rivers does it extend? By whom was it chiefly settled? Ans. By Portuguese. To what leading variety of the Indo-European branch do both the Spanish and Portuguese belong? Ans. To the Celtic.
In what country of South America are the inhabitants of purer Indo-European stock? From whom are they chiefly descended? Ans. From English.
French, and Dutch. From whom are the Indo-European inhabitants of the United States and provinces on the north descended? Ans. From the British (chiefly English), and, to a much less extent, from the Germans. To which of the leading varieties of the Indo-European branch do the population, thus com. posed, mostly belong? Ans. To the Teutonic. Has the Teutonic variety in America ever intermixed much with the aborigines? Ans. It has not. Does it present, in this respect, a marked contrast with the Celtic? Does the true African or negro race constitute the ruling population in any region of considerable extent besides Africa? Have the representatives of this race, in modern times, become voluntary settlers in distant lands? Ans. They have not. Would the lack of a commercial character, arising from the limited shore-line of Africa, as compared with its area [see page 3], have a tendency to restrict them to their aboriginal home? Would the Sahara form an important barrier to their overland migrations?
What peculiar varieties of this race are found in South Africa? What variety somewhat resembling those just mentioned is found in New Guinea and the small islands extending thence southeasterly to the Fejes group? What variety constitutes the aboriginal population of Australia?
What island is the most western in the Old World, inhabited by Malays? With what other race are the Malays of this island intermixed? Ans. The Negro. What peninsula is the only continental region occupied by Malays? Does this race extend over all Oceanica, except the islands inhabited by the Papuan and Australian varieties? Do the Polynesians, in the eastern part of Oceanica, differ, somewhat from the true Malay type? Ans. They do. What other race do they resemble? Ans. The American or Indian race.
Is the Indian population of America mostly confined to the interior? In what part of North America does it reach the coast? Of South America? What variety of race inhabits the southern part of South America? For what is this variety remarkable? Ans. For exceeding in stature any other of the varieties of mankind, the males averaging about six feet in height.
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BAHAM
Dye Woods. Salt. Pine
Jared according to Act of Congress in the Year 1860 by J.H. Collon in the Qarks Office of the District Court of the United States. for the Southern District of New York.
QUESTIONS ON MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.
WHAT part of North America consists almost wholly of highlands?
What mame has been given to the high plains or table-lands on the east-
ern side of the Rocky Mountains? What region, chiefly desert during
most of the year, is embraced in the middle and southern part of the
Steppes? What similar region lies south of the Great American Desert, or
forms a continuation of the same? What is the meaning of the name Llano
Estacado? Ans. Staked plains; so called from the way-marks fixed in its
surface for the guidance of travelers. Are the above-named barren tracts
sheltered on the west by the broader and more elevated parts of the Rocky
Mountains?
By what name is the vast plateau-region or succession of table-lands west
of the Rocky Mountains designated? What plateau forms the southern con-
tinuation of this? What three plateaus lie farther south? What desert ex-
tends northward from the Gulf of California? What desolate waste in the
eastern part of the Plateau of Anahuac ?
What plateau between the valley of the St. Lawrence River and the At-
lantic Ocean? Ans. Eastern Plateau. By the valleys of what lake and
river is the continuity of this plateau somewhat broken? Ans. Lake Cham-
plain and II-n R. What plateau forms the basis of a large part of the Al-
leghany Mountains?
How much of North America consists of lowlands? Name the several
lowland sections bordering the great bodies of water on the northeast and
Boutheast. What extensive lake and river basin is included in the central
and eastern part of the North American lowlands? What vast plain extends
through the heart of the grand division? The lowlands of what two great
rivers form the chief part of the plain?
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Is the Gulf Stream, which overspreads a great part of the North Atlantic,
a warm or cold current? How does the January temperature of Iceland-
the southern shores of which are bathed by the Gulf Stream-compare with
that of Nova Scotia, 200 farther south? As the Gulf Stream, throughout the
winter, is free from permanent ice, even as far north as Spitzbergen, must
the winds which sweep across it at this season have great influence in lessen-
ing the cold of the lands over which they subsequently pass? Easterly and
southeasterly winds, during winter, often blow from the Atlantic over south-
ern Greenland,-what must be their influence on its temperature? Is the cur-
rent which flows along the west coast of Greenland comparatively warm or
cold? How does the January temperature of Greenland, south of the Arctic
Circle, compare with that of Newfoundland and New Brunswick? As north-
westerly winds during winter prevail chiefly in the eastern part of North
America, is the temperature of Newfoundland and New Brunswick, at this
season, much or little influenced by the severe continental climate of the in-
terior of the grand division? Are the currents from the north which unite
and flow between the Gulf Stream and the castern coast of America warm or
cold? Are they of much less extent and importance than the Gulf Stream?
Ans. They are. Is their influence in summer upon the temperature of the
neighboring coast probably overbalanced for the most part by that of the
latter? Ans. It is. Would it be much or little felt during the prevalence
of northeast winds?
The January temperature of what great peninsula on the Pacific coast of
America is as warm as that of the vicinity of New York city? About how
much is the difference in the latitude of these two regions? What mountains
shield the Pacific coast from cold arctic winds? Northwesterly and south-
westerly winds prevail on this coast,-do they impart to the adjacent lands
a maritime or inland climate? Is the Japan Stream, which flows from the
coast of Asia across the North Pacific and along the neighboring coast of
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America, a warm or cold current? Does its temperature, owing to the di-
rection of the above-mentioned winds, have much or little influence on the
climate of the adjacent parts of America? Much of the warmth of this cur-
rent is of course lost in passing through the higher latitudes,-is the temper
ature of its apparent continuation, known as the California Coast Current,
above or below that of the neighboring sea? What of the summer temper-
ature of the California Coast Current? Ans. It is said to be colder than
its winter temperature. To what may this be ascribed? Ans. Probably
to the partial uprising, at this season, of the cold under-current, whose
waters supply the place of those which flow off in the Equatorial Current-
the latter current, during summer, originating somewhat farther north.
Does the California Current, like that which bathes the northwest coast, have
much influence, owing to the direction of the prevailing winds, on the cli
mate of the neighboring land? Is this influence more marked in summer,
or in winter? As the Pacific coast is warmed at the north by the neighbor-
ing currents, and cooled at the south (especially during summer), is the dif
ference in the temperature of these two sections of coast much less than it
otherwise would be? From what point south of San Francisco to opposite
what island a little south of Mount Fairweather does the July isotherm
of 600 extend along the border of the continent west of the Coast Range?
Through what extent of latitude along this coast, then, is the mean July
temperature nearly uniform? Ans. Through more than 230 of latitude, or
over 1,600 miles.
Do the isothermal lines bend far south in crossing the most elevated parts
of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent highlands? What does this indicate
concerning the influence of these regions? How do the midsummer and
midwinter temperatures of Santa Fé compare with those of New York, 50
farther north? [Observe the course, eastward, of the January isotherm
passing a little above Santa Fé, and of the July isotherm a little below it.]
Should we infer from the dryness of the climate in some of the western parts
of North America that these parts are subject to severe extremes of temper-
ature? How does the temperature of the southern part of the Colorado
Desert compare with that of the district noted for its intense heat, which in-
cludes central Arabia and the southeastern part of the Desert of Sahara?
Ans. It is nearly the same. What remarkable extreme of heat has been
observed here? Ans. 1160 above zero
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