foon reunite the acquifitions made by Carem his Perfian competitor, the latter not being in a condition to refift him; and there is no appearance that Achmet will come on purpofe to trouble him, from Candahar and Chorafan, provinces feparated from the rest of Perfa by a defert of more than forty days journey. Befides, it is affured, that this prince is marched to India with all his forces, where he has made an irruption like that which the famous Kouli Kan formerly made. According to letters from Derbent, by the way of Afiracan, received at Petersburg in December, the army of Huffein having marched in September laft from Tauris in order to meet the army of Ali-Kan, [whether a new competitor, or one of the other three under a different name, is not faid], a bloody battle enfued between them, in which the former was entirely defeated; the vanquished left 7000 dead in the field, and retired in great confufion towards the frontiers of Georgia, where they plundered all the country round.We have chofen to give a pretty full account of the affairs of Perfia in this fummary, as most of them were omitted in our monthly collections last year, when feveral articles were poftponed to make room for affairs more generally interefting.

In recapitulating the affairs of Europe, we thall begin with GERMANY, as we did in our former fummary, that region continuing to be the fcene of the molt interefting tranfactions. And as the period at prefent under review has there produced a greater number of very important events than have happened in any one country within a fingle year fince the commencement of this work; as more battles have been fought between combatants greatly unequal in numbers, with remarkably different iffues, and more blood has been fpilt, than perhaps can be found during the like space for a great way backward, we hope for the indulgence of our readers, though this fummary fhall exceed the ufual bounds. We fhall fee a prince, juftly styled the great defender of the Proteftant caufe, doomed to deftruction by a formidable com bination of above half the powers of

Europe, furrounded by their numerous armies, making the moft vigorous efforts against them all, bearing fucceffes with great moderation, and difafters with very uncommon ftrength of mind, when abandoned by all the world finding refources in himself and his loving fubjects, acting in perfon as it were in dif ferent places at once, oppofing the undaunted bravery of himself and his troops to the vaftly fuperior crouds of his foes, and in the end of the campaign undoubtedly confounding them by his repeated and amazing victories. But to proceed :

The differences that had fo long fubfifted between their Britannic and Pruffian Majefties, were accommodated by a treaty concluded at Westminster in January 1756. By that treaty, the King of Pruffia renewed his guaranty of the fucceffion of the houfe of Hanover to the British crown, engaged to pay off the refidue of the Silefia loan due to Britifh fubjects, and promised to oppose the entrance of any foreign troops into Germany; and the King of G. Britain renounced all his rights to the principality of Eaft Friefland, that had long been a subject of difpute between the two monarchs, and renewed his guaranty of Silefia, which had been formerly ceded to Pruffia by the Emprefs Queen of Hungary. In May following, the courts of Vienna and Verfailles, which had for many ages been at enmity, and whofe interests feemed to be incompa tible, ftruck up a treaty of alliance and friendship. This treaty contained a mutual guaranty of the whole dominions of the two fovereigns, with a ftipulation of furnishing 24.000 men, or an equivalent in money, in cafe either of the contracting parties were attacked. 'Tis faid, that the treaty between G. Britain and Pruffia induced the Empress-Queen to this conjunction with France, fo unnatural, and fo aftonishing to all Europe.

When difputes arofe between Britain and France with refpect to the limits of their refpective poffeflions in North America, a confiderable time before the event which gave occafion to the treaty between the courts of Vienna and Verfailles, his Britannic Majefty, dreading that France would attack his electoral dominions,

dominions, though in his electoral capacity he had no difpute with that crown, made a requifition of the fuccours promised by the Emprefs-Queen, but received no fatisfactory anfwer, tho' he thought he had reason to expect the moft effectual affiftance from that princefs, confidering that he had formerly lavished his treasures and his troops, had facrificed the interefts of his kingdoms, and even expofed his facred perfon, to reinftate her in the poffeffion of the inheritance of her fathers [xviii. 489.]. About the time of making that requifition, a plan for diftreffing G. Britain was faid to have been propofed by the court of Versailles to the King of Pruffia, which the latter rejected with abhorrence; and a scheme that had been fome years fince concerted by the courts of Vienna, Petersburg, and Drefden, for ftripping his Pruffian Majefty of a great part of his dominions, was laid before the King of G. Britain, but rejected by that prince, whofe fentiments, as the King of Pruffia juftly obferves, are too noble and too generous to adopt fchemes incompatible with his good faith.

Soon after the figning of the treaty of Verfailles, the Prufian monarch, having got intelligence of the defigns of his enemies, took the alarm, and order. ed all his regiments to be made complete. Mean while the Emprefs-Queen ordered an army of above 50,cco men to affemble near Colin in Bohemia, and another, of 40,000, in Moravia. These warlike preparations occafioned a good deal of altercation between the two courts. The King of Pruffia infifted, that the Emprefs-Queen would formally engage not to attack him either that year or the next. Her answer was, That the parties were at peace; and that to contract an engagement of this nature, was to convert the peace into a truce. All means used for a reconciliation proved ineffectual. By this time the Empress Queen had got the court of Peterburg alienated from G. Britain, fo that the former refused to accept of the first payment of the fubfidy formerly ftipulated by the latter, and had effectuated a reconciliation of the court of

Petersburg to that of Verfailles, betwee whom a coldness had fubfifted for seve ral years.

All these things alarmed the King of Pruffia; and he conceived, that his only chance of fafety lay in taking the ftart of his enemies. Accordingly his troops, to the number of about 70,000, entered Saxony by three different routes, in the end of August 1756. The King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, foreseeing what happened, affembled all his electoral troops, and incamped them at Pirna, fouth of Drefden; whither he repaired himself with two of his fons, Sept. 3. the rest of the royal family ftill remaining at Drefden, the capital. The King of Pruffia entered Drefden on the 8th, and his troops invefted the camp at Pirna; his Polish Majesty refusing to withdraw his forces, or cause them return to their former quarters, and obferve a ftrict neutrality. As it was not easy to force the Saxon camp, the King caufer it be closely blocked up, in order tha by ftarving them they might be forcec to furrender. The blockade being formed, Marshal Keith was fent with a Pruffian army to the frontiers of Bohe. mia, to prevent any fuccours being fent from the Auftrian army to the Saxons. At the fame time an army of Austrians, under Marshal Count Brown, marched from the camp at Colin, along the Eibe, to meet the Pruffians. His Pruffian Majesty arrived at his army in Bohemia, Sept. 28. marched his troops forward, and came to a battle with M. Brown at Lowofitz, on the ift of Q&tober. Both fides claimed the victory; but the confequences made it evident, that the Pruffian pretenfions were beft founded. Soon after this action, the Saxon army, being disappointed of fuccours from Bohemia, having firft made a fruitless attempt to efcape, furrendered to his Pruffian Majefty, and most of the foldiers entered into his fervice, the officers being allowed to go to their respective places of abode, upon their parole not to ferve againft him. In confequence of this furrender, his Polish Majefty, attended by his two fons Xavier and Charles, fet out for Warfaw, the capital of Poland;

where