you recollect whether, during any part of the || ley, that she was a married woman? Cer tainly not.-Did you receive from Lady Berkeley during this time, or at any time during the visits, any reprimand or condemnation of what had passed? Lady Berkeley cer || visit, you and Lady Berkeley were left alone together? Yes, certainly we were part of the time-During this third visit, was any ob jection intimated by Lady Berkeley to those visits that you paid? Not any that I recol-t.inly did occasionally express reluctance lect-Was the subject that passed at the third visit, the same that had occupied your attention the two preceding ones? Yes, I have no doubt it was.-Do you recollect any thing that enables you to state at whose house this was where this Lady was? I did know whose house in the course of my visiting, but on what particular day I caunot recollect. Mr. Farren, the husband of Mrs. Farren, came into the room, whom I had known some years before, and I immediately recognized him; whether it was his house or not I cannot particularly say. At the time when Mr. Farren came into the room, was there any female in the room except Lady Berkeley? No, I remember perfectly well there was not -State what was passing between you and Lady Berkeley at the time Mr. Farren came into the room? Premising that nothing criminal, I solemnly declare, ever did pass between Lady Berkeley and myself, I must submit to their Lordships that circumstances might occur which might be very unpleasant to state. Occasional liberties might be taken, and perhaps at the time Mr. Farren came in, something of that sort might be passing; but I most solemnly declare, that nothing criminal ever passed between Lady Berkeley and myself. What was the nature of the liberties, if any, that were passing when Mr. Farren came into the room? I certainly was taking liberties with Lady Berkeley at that time, unquestionably.Was it with or against her consent? Certainly with a degree of reluctance on her part. What was the nature of the liberties you were taking? I was saluting her.-Were you upon the ground with her? I rather think not, but I will not take upon me particularly to say. There was a moment, I believe, when by accident she had slipped off her chair, and whether it was at that moment Mr. Farren came in, I will not take upon me to say. During any part of that time, was the least intimation given to you by Lady Berke at liberties that I attempted to take.-Was that during the period those liberties were taking, or before or after them? She expressed a reluctance every time I attempted to take any liberties of that kind, certainly.― After what passed had you any communication with Lady Berkeley after you went to Hereford? When I was at Hereford I wrote to Lady Berkeley. Did you receive any answer from Lady Berkeley? I did.-Is that letter in existence, or is it destroyed? It is lost-State as nearly as you can, the contents of that letter.-The contents of Lady Berkeley's letter were rather of a favourable expression towards me. It begins with a complaint of my making a request to her to meet me alone, unaccompanied by any female friend; that, if my intentions were honourable towards her, I should have rather desired her to bring some female friend with her, whose presence would have prevented any improper circumstances taking place at the meeting; which was pretty near the whole, at least that was the substance of the letter I received from her Ladyship.-Can you at all recollect in what way the letter began? I certainly do recollect the first expression, and I think I can venture with confidence to say that it be. gan in these words:" Maria with equal heart sits down to answer the letter she has received." I beg leave to state that it was the peculiarity of the expression that made that impression upon me, that I am confident I can state it correctly.-Did you, after receiving this letter from Lady Berkeley, con、 tinue any intercourse with her Ladyship? I certainly understood, from her Ladyship's letter, that she would not admit my visits ou any other than honourable terms; my situation was such as to render it absolutely ruin to form an honourable connection with her, and I relinquished the connection altogether, and never had any communication with her Ladyship afterwards. THE EFFICACY OF BATHS IN PRESERVING AND RESTORING HEALTH AND BEAUTY. (Continued from Vol. III. Page 300.) ESSAY III.THE BATHS OF THE MODERNS. BATHING is a practice so necessary to the health and comfort of man, that it has existed in one form or other from the earliest ages to the present day among all nations; we need not, therefore, waste our time in tracing the baths of the moderns to the models of antiquity, but proceed to observe the rites and ceremonies of the bath as they are found to obtain in our own times. where the senses We will first enter the eastern seraglio, and follow the Satrap into his Bath of Essences, are charmed into divine tranquillity; here we shall find luxury far exceeding the baths of antient Rome, but observing the same order of temperature, the succession of cold to heat, which alone is calculated to produce sensations conducive to health, and highly delightful to the feelings. From his garden he enters a vestibule richly carpeted, where his robes are deposited; he passes hence through a covered gallery, whose temperature gradually increasing, terminates in a spacious vaulted apartment paved and lined with marble, which constitutes the bath; warm from the gallery he enters, amidst a cloud of odoriferous vapours, produced by steam from a boiling fountain, charged with the fragrance of burning censers; two attending slaves lead him to a marble couch on which he reposes for a time, until bedewed with the condensing drops of steamy fragrance, the finer vess Is of his frame expand and render the circulation of his blood complete; with plea sure he stretches forth his hand which one of the slaves stands ready to receive, the other slave attentive to the signal gently rises up the other hand, and both simultaneously proceed to press tenderly with a little jerk from the fingers upwards, cracking every joint as they proceed; they then remove to the feet, going upwards in the same manner, pressing and kneading the body with the gentlest pressure. This operation so much esteemed among the eastern nations produces the most delightful : feelings at this moment the Satrap would desire to remain for ever on the marble couch amidst the cloudy fragrance, but that he knows by experience the highest of all sensual enjoyments to be transitory, and that therefore to keep alive the power of any one sensa tion he must not attempt to perpetuate it; he therefore allows himself to be removed from the bath of vapours into one of the heated water, where he remains but a few minutes; the density of this last medium imparts a new feeling, and prepares the body for the im pression of cold-warmed throughout by the water bath, new vigour is imparted, and he is led forth glowing with heat beneath a jet d'eau of cool water, where an enjoyment of delightful feeling is instantly imparted, or a feeling which none but they who have passed from the hot to the cold bath can imagine or believe. He is now wrapped around with perfumed liuen and led to a spacious saloon furnished with a magnificent couch, on which he reposes, while his attendants serve him with Mocha coffee and a pipe. Such is the luxury of an Asiatic bath, but like that of the Romans, it is liable to abuse; for where the water bath is heated to a very high tempera ture, for the purpose of increasing the delight incident to the transition from the hot to the cold water, the circulation of the blood becomes too much hurried, the red globules prevade the capillary vessels, and disorder is the consequence. It was this love of pleasurable sensations that gradually brought the Roman baths. into disrepute. The Emperor Adrian attempted to regulate the public baths in this respect : but the wealthy continued the practice until Rome sunk under the weight of her vicious sensuality. To benefit by the cold bath it is necessary the body should be equal in temperature to 97o or 98° of Farenheit's thermometer: but to add pleasure to advantage, the body should be increased in temperature by immersion in a heated medium: but this may be overdone, as frequently it was by the antient Romans, and at the present day by the eastern voluptuaries. By a water bath exceeding 98° the pulse is slightly accelerated, and the volume of blood somewhat increased by rarefaction, and this acceleration of pulse, and turgescence of the blood vessels increases with the increase of temperature, which, if not carried too high, prepares the body to receive both benefit and pleasure from the cooler bath. But apoplexy itself may be induced by raising the temperature too high, as happened in a case related by Fourcroy, where a person was so hardy as to use a bath at 1819 of Farenheit: whereas 104° in water and 112° in vapour should never be exceeded, but the abuse of a thing is no argument against its moderate use: too much heat kills like too much wine, and even oxygen itself will kill if inhaled too largely; yet without heat, matter could not take on the plastic form of life, and experience informs us, that without oxygen the functions of life must cease. I had taken off my clothes, they led me through a gloomy passage into the place called the bath. On the left hand were cisterns of water, and upon the edges of those cisterns appeared a row of polished brass vessels; on the right was a stove; and in the middle of the room a step to a platform elevated above the floor. The hot vapour being collected near the roof, the more a person ascends the greater is the degree of heat to which he is exposed: a choice of temperature is therefore afforded. On each side of the platform was a stove, in shape exactly resembling tomb-stones in our church yards; their upper surface was covered by reeds; and over the bed of reeds was placed a sheet. I was directed to mount upon one of these stoves, and to place myself at full length on the sheet; having done which I found myself nearly elevated to the roof of the bath, and the heat of ascending vapour threw me immediately into a most profuse perspiration. The sensation was precisely the same which I experienced in the subterraneous cavern, called the Baths of Nero, on the coast of Baia near Naples.-The ordinary temperature of Russian baths according to Storch (Tableau de l'Empire de Russie), varies from 104° to 122° of Farenheit, and sometimes upon the upper stages near the roof, it is 20° above fever heat, But that habit can enable the body to sustain very great heat without injury is manifest from the practice of the Finus and Russians, who expose the body to an incredible temperature previous to cold immersion; Acerbi reports the baths of vapour in Finland frequently to equal in temperature the 167° of Faren-equal to 132° of Farenheit." heit; and says, that the Finns rush from this smoaking heat into the pools in summer, and amidst the snow in winter, without injury or inconvenience; and that they come forth from their stoves into the open air without any cloathing during the hardest frost, the coolness of which they seem to enjoy, while the foreign traveller wrapt in the furs of the bear stands shivering and benumbed. We will now attend our own countryman, Dr. Clarke into a bath at Moscow, and witness the practice of the Russians: but as my fair readers would not like to be thrust into such a place with two hideous bearded Muscovites, we will hear the Doctor's account of the matter and rest contented with his authority. "Two figures," says he, "with long beards, and quite naked, conducted me in; and shewing me a plank covered by a single sheet with a pillow, told me to deposit my clothes, and to repose there, if I thought proper. As soon as "Thus situated a man began to rub me all over with woollen cloth, made into a bag, covering one of his hands, till the exterior surface of the skin peeled off. As soon as he had finished this operation, he bade me descend, and poured several vessels of warm water on my head, whence it fell all over my body; he then place me on the floor, and washed my hair with his hand, scratching my head in all parts with his nails: after this he again made me ascend the stove, where once more stretching me at length, he prepared a copious lather of soap, with which, and a woollen cloth, he again rubbed my body; when I descended a second time, and was again soused with vessels of water. I was next desired to extend myself on the stove for the third time, and informed that the greatest degree of heat would yet be given to prepare for this they cautioned me to lie on my face, and keep my head down. Birch boughs were then the cool breezes of the atmosphere without incurring imminent peril. brought, with their leaves on, and dipped in soap and hot water, with which they began to scrub me afresh; at the same time some hot We are told that the baths in Hungary are water being cast upon red hot cannon balls, remarkably splendid, and constructed on Roand upon the principal stove, such a vapour man models; the Hungarians then bathe compassed all over me that it came like a current fortably, without the eastern pomp or the of fire upon my skin. If I ventured to raise northern inelegance. The Indians of the my bead an instant, it seemed as though I was South Sea also use a sort of vapour-bath, the breathing flames; it was impossible to endure use of which is followed up by plunging in the this process for any length of time, and finding The continental American Indians too, myself unable to cry out, I forced my way have their vapour-bath, and the African nedown from the stove, and was conducted to groes also; but it does not appear that either the lower part of the room, where I seated follow up the heating process with cold abmyself on the floor, and the doors being opened, || lution. soon recovered sufficiently to walk out of the bath." Dr. Clarke was then coutent to cool himself in the open air, after an operation than which nothing can be conceived more calorific; and perhaps it would have been unsafe for him after such an operation to have plunged, like a Russian, into the Moskva to stay the burning current of his blood; but to a Russian it would have been both safe and delightful, and it is what is practised every day throughout Russia, Finland, and Sweden. Sir Robert Porter, in his Russian Sketches, gives a ludicrous description of the groupes of hathers of both sexes, rushing forth naked, with green boughs in their hands, hot from the public baths of St. Petersburgh into the Neva. From which anecdote we may learn how common the transition is from a hot to a cold medium iu sea. The Spaniards found the Mexicans in possession of a vapour-bath when their country was discovered in the sixteenth century. It was simply an oven formed of brick; when properly heated the patient crawled in, accompanied by an assistant provided with a mat, a pitcher of water, and a bunch of herbs; the patient was laid on the mat while the water was poured gradually on the hottest part of the oven, to convert it into steam; when completely enveloped in the vapour, the assistant beat the patient gently all over with the bunch of herbs, particularly on any part subject to disease, and then drew him forth sweating at every pore. Dr. Rush in a paper which he read many years ago to the Philosophical Society of Philadelpha, On the state of Medicine among the Indians of America, mentioned their mode' of inducing a sweat in fevers, by making a hole in the ground, over which a close wigwam is erected: on several red hot stones being thrown into the bole, the patient is introduced under the wig-wam, provided with a vessel of water, which he pours gradually over the heated stones, until the vapour rise sufficiently thick and warm to produce a copious sweat. This effected, the operation is com plete. Russia; and therefore that it is a practice both safe and delightful. But to those not habituated to such transitions, caution is requisite. Dr. Currie has ascertained that the body can bear cold affusion always with safety while its temperature is rising, and when the vital energies have not been exhausted by sweating or fatigue, but not otherwise; now what is fatigue to one is not so to another; therefore a Russian habituated to such an operation as Dr. Clarke experienced, might come forth in a proper state for a cold plunge; whereas I have no doubt our celebrated countryman did not escape from the hands of the scrubbing, rubbing, scratching, brushing, steaming, sousing Muscovite, without endur-patient wrapped in a large cotton cloth upon ing both a heavy sweat and sore fatigue, sufficient to disable him from venturing beyond No. XXI. Vol. IV.-N. S. We learn from the enterprising but unfor tunate Mr. Parke, that the Negro nations on the banks of the Niger used a kind of vapourbath; by spreading branches of the Nauclea Orientalis upon hot embers, and laying the the branches; water is then sprinkled upon them which descending to the hot embers, F soon covers the patient with a cloud of vapour, || day in case of sickness, experience comfort which commonly produces a profuse perspira tion, the object sought for in using the bath From these reports it would appear that the vapour-bath is almost a universal remedy, either alone, or followed up by cold immersion." Through all Finland, Lapland, Sweden, and Norway," says Dr. Clarke, "throughout the vast Russian empire, there is no cottage so poor, no hut so destitute, but it posseses its vapour-bath; in which all its inhabitants every Saturday at least, and every and salubrity."-And yet in England the THE NEW SYSTEM OF BOTANY, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF FLORA, &c. &c. &c. If the botanical florist may in most instances take Shakspeare as his companion in his rural walks, yet there are particular departinents of modern horticulture to which even his fertile genius had no reference; from whence we may rationally conclude that in these particular points, great improvements and additions have been made since his time; a thing, indeed, which may generally be ascertained by botanical chronology. It is, indeed, a curious consideration that even in the polished days of Queen Bess, the glorious days of roast beef and liberty, John Bull was obliged to eat his roast beef without|| either potatoes or SALLADS; The first not being imported until her reign, and not brought into use, until long afterwards; and the latter being in fact of either || very late introduction, or at least of very recent cultivation. Nor is it less curious that some of the species of sallads should be of such modern use in England, when some of them, especially the LETTUCE, each of which it has preserved its original name, though with some slight variation. Iu the northern countries of the Continent, it is called Laktuk; in France, Luitue; in Italy, Lattuga; and in Spain and Portugal by names nearly similar. That the European nations are indebted for this elegant vegetable to the Romans, and that perhaps at a period as early as the Roman empire, for its general distribution, seems evident from the universality of the name; yet its original habitat is unknown, and there are species of it to be found both in Asia and America. It is not unlikely, indeed, that the lettuce in its wild state, either is or has been indigenous in many countries, and that the Romans in their early days of simplicity had merely improved it by cultivation. That the wild lettuce of the garden species may be found in England, we cannot absolutely say; nor can we, indeed, trace its cultivation to an earlier period than the middle of the sixteenth century, when it is first mentioned by an early botanical writer in 1562. In these observations, however, we allude more particularly to the common garden lettuce; for there are some varieties, as we shall presently notice, that are now considered as the natives of different countries in Europe, but whether they are in their native state, or altered by cultivation, it is perhaps impossible to decide. With respect to the whole genus, the varieties are included in the class of SYNGENESIE POLYGAMIÆ Are of great antiquity as a vegetable dish, this being described by Piny under the name of Lactuca, supposed to have its derivation from the Latin word Lac on account of its milky juice; and also when we consider it as a ve getable of such general cultivation as to have found its way into every country in Europe, in ÆQUALES, and in the natural order of Com |