independence, strong iron will, stern tenacity of purpose, and calm fortitude under trouble or disaster, stamps him Goethe tells us that a truly great man. "Great men, like celestial fire-pillars, Go before us on the march," and such an one was Dr. Livingstone. The ultimate results of his travels in opening up the hitherto unknown continent of Africa are really incalculable. His life, which he sacrificed for the country he cared so much for, is a seed which and flourish for a thousand years to come. will grow Already we have had many missions and expeditions following up in the paths he opened, and although the results are not great as yet, one cannot doubt but that a mighty future is in store for Africa. 2d June 1882. CONTENTS. Dr. Livingstone arrives at Kuruman-Missionary Experiences Dr. Livingstone and his Fellow-travellers Leave for Africa- 181 195 220 The "New York Herald's" Expedition in Search of Livingstone -Stanley and Livingstone at Ujiji—Expedition to the Livingstone's Account of his Explorations-His Theory of the THE LIFE AND EXPLORATIONS OF DAVID LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. CHAPTER I. EARLY YEARS-EDUCATION-ARRIVAL AT CAPE TOWN AS A MISSIONARY. Di AVID LIVINGSTONE was born at Blantyre, near Glasgow, in 1813. He was the son of humble but respectable parents, whose simple piety and worth were noticeable even in a community which, in those days, ranked above the average for all those manly and self-denying virtues which, a few generations ago, were so characteristic of the lower classes of Scotland. Humble and even trying circumstances did not make them discontented with their lot, nor tend to make them forget the stainless name which had descended to them from a line of predecessors whose worldly circumstances were hardly better than their own. In the introduction to his " Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa," published in 1857, Dr. Livingstone gave a brief and modest sketch of his early years, together with some account of the humble, although notable family from which he could trace his descent. "One greatgrandfather," he tells us, "fell at the battle of Culloden, fighting for the old line of kings, and one grandfather was a small farmer in Ulva, where my father was born. It is one of that cluster of the Hebrides thus spoken of by Sir Walter Scott : 'And Ulva dark, and Colonsay, And all the group of islets gay That guard famed Staffa round.' "Our grandfather was intimately acquainted with all the traditionary legends which that great writer has since made use of in 'The Tales of a Grandfather,' and other works. As a boy I remember listening with delight, for his memory was stored with a never-ending stock of stories, many of which were wonderfully like those I have since heard while sitting by the African evening fires. Our grandmother, too, used to sing Gaelic songs, some of which, as she believed, had been composed by captive Highlanders languishing among the Turks. The reverence of the true Highlander for his ancestors, and his knowledge of them and their doings for many generations, have been frequently the subject of mirth to the Lowlanders or Sassenachs, as they are termed by the Celts; but in such instances as that of the family of which we are treating, these feelings are not only virtues, but become the incentives to bold and manly effort in the most trying circumstances. Livingstone tells us that his grandfather could rehearse traditions of the family for six generations before him. One of these was of a nature to make a strong impression on the imaginative and independent mind of the boy, even when almost borne down with toil too severe for his years. He says: "One of these poor hardy islanders was renowned in the district for great wisdom and prudence; and it is related that, when he was on his death-bed, he called all his children around him, and said, 'Now, in my lifetime, I have searched most carefully through all the traditions I could find of our family, and I never could discover that there was a dishonest man among |