The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch DynamicsS. T. A. Pickett, Steward T. Pickett, P. S. White Elsevier Science, 1985/06/28 - 472 ページ Natural distrubance and patch dynamics: an introduction. Patch dynamics in nature. Disturbance regimes in temperate forests. Stand dynamics in chilean Nothofagus forests. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. Gap processes and large-scale disturbances in sand prairies. Shrubland fire regimes and their evolutionary consequences. Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky intertidal shores. Disturbance and patch dynamics of subtidal marine animals on hard substrata. Disturbance and vertebrates: an integrative perspective. Vertebrate responses to environmental patchiness in Arid and semiarid ecosystems. Adaptational of plants and animals in a patch dynamic setting. The patterns of establishment and growth. Responses of forest herbs tocanopy gaps. Adaptations of insects to disturbance. Within-patch dynamics of life histories, populations, and interactions: selection over time in small spaces. Animal population genetics and disturbance: the effects of local extinctions and recolonizations on heterozygosity and fitness. Plant population genetics and evolution in disturbed environments. Implications of patch dynamics for the organization of communities and the functioning of ecosystems. Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species. Community turnover and ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Natural disturbance and ecosystem energetics. Modeling forest landscapes and the role of disturbance in ecosystems and communities. Patch dynamics: a synthesis. |
目次
Disturbance Regimes in Temperate Forests | 17 |
Stand Dynamics in Chilean Nothofagus Forests | 35 |
Treefalls Regrowth and Community Structure | 53 |
Gap Processes and LargeScale Disturbances | 71 |
Shrubland Fire Regimes and Their Evolutionary | 85 |
WAYNE P SOUSA | 101 |
Disturbance and Patch Dynamics of Subtidal Marine Animals on Hard Substrata JOSEPH H CONNELL AND MICHAEL J KEOUGH I Introduction | 125 |
Examples of the Patch Dynamics of Subtidal Communities | 131 |
Constraints on Herb Responses | 231 |
Conclusions | 232 |
Recommended Readings | 234 |
Adaptations of Insects to Disturbance TIMOTHY D SCHOWALTER I Introduction | 235 |
Factors Influencing Insect Responses to Disturbance | 236 |
Insect Propagation of Disturbance Effects | 243 |
Insects as Regulators of Ecosystem Productivity | 248 |
Conclusions | 251 |
Discussion | 147 |
An Integrative Perspective JAMES R KARR AND KATHRYN E FREEMARK I Introduction | 153 |
An Example from the Everglades | 154 |
Disturbance as Considered by Ecologists | 155 |
Disturbance and Vertebrate Adaptations | 156 |
Study of Vertebrate Adaptations in the Context of Disturbance | 163 |
Synthesis | 166 |
Recommended Readings | 168 |
Vertebrate Responses to Environmental Patchiness in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems JOHN A WIENS I Introduction | 169 |
Patchiness in Arid Environments | 170 |
Environmental Patchiness and Individuals | 172 |
Patches and Populations | 181 |
Patches and Community Structure | 184 |
Vertebrates as Patch Producers | 187 |
Habitat Fragmentation | 189 |
Concluding Caution | 192 |
ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN A PATCH DYNAMIC SETTING | 195 |
Patterns of Establishment and Growth CHARLES D CANHAM AND P L MARKS I Introduction | 197 |
Natural Disturbance and Resource Availability | 198 |
Establishment of Woody Plants Following Disturbance | 199 |
Growth and Resource Use by Woody Plants Following Disturbance | 205 |
Discussion | 213 |
Recommended Readings | 216 |
Responses of Forest Herbs to Canopy Gaps | 217 |
B S COLLINS K P DUNNE AND S T A PICKETT I Introduction | 218 |
Gap Environment | 219 |
Responses to the Environment | 223 |
Herb Responses to Gaps | 227 |
Recommended Readings | 252 |
Selection over Time in Small Spaces JOHN N THOMPSON I Introduction | 253 |
WithinPatch Dynamics Life Histories and Selection | 254 |
Ecological Genetics of WithinPatch Structure and Dynamics | 259 |
Ecological Genetics and the WithinPatch Dynamics of Interactions | 261 |
Conclusions | 264 |
The Effects of Local Extinctions and Recolonizations on Heterozygosity and Fitness ROBERT C VRIJENHOEK | 265 |
Introduction | 266 |
Natural Disturbance and Genetic Drift | 267 |
Genetic Drift and Heterozygosity | 269 |
Heterozygosity and Fitness | 270 |
Natural Disturbances and Poeciliopsis Populations | 275 |
Breeding Systems and Patch Dynamics | 281 |
Local Fitness and Competition | 282 |
The Shifting Balance | 284 |
Recommended Readings | 285 |
Plant Population Genetics and Evolution | 287 |
IMPLICATIONS OF PATCH | 305 |
Community Turnover and Ecosystem Nutrient | 325 |
Natural Disturbance and Ecosystem Energetics | 335 |
Modeling Forest Landscapes and the Role | 353 |
A Synthesis | 371 |
Bibliography | 385 |
John A Wiens 169 Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albu | 406 |
ington 98195 | 433 |
Index | 457 |
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