The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics

前表紙
S. T. A. Pickett, Steward T. Pickett, P. S. White
Elsevier Science, 1985/06/28 - 472 ページ
Natural distrubance and patch dynamics: an introduction. Patch dynamics in nature. Disturbance regimes in temperate forests. Stand dynamics in chilean Nothofagus forests. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. Gap processes and large-scale disturbances in sand prairies. Shrubland fire regimes and their evolutionary consequences. Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky intertidal shores. Disturbance and patch dynamics of subtidal marine animals on hard substrata. Disturbance and vertebrates: an integrative perspective. Vertebrate responses to environmental patchiness in Arid and semiarid ecosystems. Adaptational of plants and animals in a patch dynamic setting. The patterns of establishment and growth. Responses of forest herbs tocanopy gaps. Adaptations of insects to disturbance. Within-patch dynamics of life histories, populations, and interactions: selection over time in small spaces. Animal population genetics and disturbance: the effects of local extinctions and recolonizations on heterozygosity and fitness. Plant population genetics and evolution in disturbed environments. Implications of patch dynamics for the organization of communities and the functioning of ecosystems. Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species. Community turnover and ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Natural disturbance and ecosystem energetics. Modeling forest landscapes and the role of disturbance in ecosystems and communities. Patch dynamics: a synthesis.

目次

Disturbance Regimes in Temperate Forests
17
Stand Dynamics in Chilean Nothofagus Forests
35
Treefalls Regrowth and Community Structure
53
Gap Processes and LargeScale Disturbances
71
Shrubland Fire Regimes and Their Evolutionary
85
WAYNE P SOUSA
101
Disturbance and Patch Dynamics of Subtidal Marine Animals on Hard Substrata JOSEPH H CONNELL AND MICHAEL J KEOUGH I Introduction
125
Examples of the Patch Dynamics of Subtidal Communities
131
Constraints on Herb Responses
231
Conclusions
232
Recommended Readings
234
Adaptations of Insects to Disturbance TIMOTHY D SCHOWALTER I Introduction
235
Factors Influencing Insect Responses to Disturbance
236
Insect Propagation of Disturbance Effects
243
Insects as Regulators of Ecosystem Productivity
248
Conclusions
251

Discussion
147
An Integrative Perspective JAMES R KARR AND KATHRYN E FREEMARK I Introduction
153
An Example from the Everglades
154
Disturbance as Considered by Ecologists
155
Disturbance and Vertebrate Adaptations
156
Study of Vertebrate Adaptations in the Context of Disturbance
163
Synthesis
166
Recommended Readings
168
Vertebrate Responses to Environmental Patchiness in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems JOHN A WIENS I Introduction
169
Patchiness in Arid Environments
170
Environmental Patchiness and Individuals
172
Patches and Populations
181
Patches and Community Structure
184
Vertebrates as Patch Producers
187
Habitat Fragmentation
189
Concluding Caution
192
ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN A PATCH DYNAMIC SETTING
195
Patterns of Establishment and Growth CHARLES D CANHAM AND P L MARKS I Introduction
197
Natural Disturbance and Resource Availability
198
Establishment of Woody Plants Following Disturbance
199
Growth and Resource Use by Woody Plants Following Disturbance
205
Discussion
213
Recommended Readings
216
Responses of Forest Herbs to Canopy Gaps
217
B S COLLINS K P DUNNE AND S T A PICKETT I Introduction
218
Gap Environment
219
Responses to the Environment
223
Herb Responses to Gaps
227
Recommended Readings
252
Selection over Time in Small Spaces JOHN N THOMPSON I Introduction
253
WithinPatch Dynamics Life Histories and Selection
254
Ecological Genetics of WithinPatch Structure and Dynamics
259
Ecological Genetics and the WithinPatch Dynamics of Interactions
261
Conclusions
264
The Effects of Local Extinctions and Recolonizations on Heterozygosity and Fitness ROBERT C VRIJENHOEK
265
Introduction
266
Natural Disturbance and Genetic Drift
267
Genetic Drift and Heterozygosity
269
Heterozygosity and Fitness
270
Natural Disturbances and Poeciliopsis Populations
275
Breeding Systems and Patch Dynamics
281
Local Fitness and Competition
282
The Shifting Balance
284
Recommended Readings
285
Plant Population Genetics and Evolution
287
IMPLICATIONS OF PATCH
305
Community Turnover and Ecosystem Nutrient
325
Natural Disturbance and Ecosystem Energetics
335
Modeling Forest Landscapes and the Role
353
A Synthesis
371
Bibliography
385
John A Wiens 169 Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albu
406
ington 98195
433
Index
457
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