ページの画像
PDF
ePub

ricultural.

TRACT.

POVIDENCE GAZETTE.

ACH TREES.

ORRESPONDENT defires that thote who with to fave ees fhould now dig around troy the worms, leaving a h tree during winter.-He as lately proceeded in this is peach trees, and found

s of worms.

rial Department.

ause of virtue and religion.

THE BALANCE.

se to talk with our past hours; at report they bore to heav'n ; might have borne more welcome YOUNG.

HING can conduce more ment of the morals of youth, Communion with puft hours. on, it will be found, that e in the habit of reflecting, one kind of fault twice; red, that very few men are fo depraved that they caned by a view of past hours. general would spend more ng the past, and lefs in anime, much good would By making of the memo note book; and by writing anfaétions of the day, the abled, in the tranquil boars to revife the work, and r.Stars as his fober judg2. With this day's work he way refolve to "turn af," ad prefent a more per92 mir w. Let youth of phis pan-let them prof care and impartiality-let

[blocks in formation]

Though with anticipating speed thou'st rang'd
Through every region of delight, nor left
One joy to gild the evening of thy days;
Though life seem one uncomfortable void,
Guile at thy het before thy face despair;
Yet gay this scene, and light this load of woe,
Compar'd with thy hereafter. Think, O think,
And ere thou plunge into the vast abyss,
Pause on the verge a while, look down and see
Thy future mansion. Why that start of horror?
From thy slack hand why drops th' uplifted steel ?
Didst thou not think such vengeance must await
The wretch that, with his crimes all fresh about him
Rushes irreverent, unprepar'd, uncall'd,
Into his Maker's presence, throwing back
With insolent disdain his choicest gift ?"

Gleaning folely for amufement, I am not confined to any particuler range; but rove about, wherever chance or fancy happens to lead me. My felections, muft, therefore, be no lefs diverfified than my reading. The following paffage is tranfcribed from a publication in a late Port Folio, faid to be a tranflation of part of a lear, written by the late Prince Lee Boo, and intended to have been fent to his F. Ser the King of the Pelew Hlands."

"There is one cicumflance refpe&ting this country, which, to my ideas, is attogether unaccountable; and that is, the

eat leifure they have for idlenefs, in the midft of fuch proofs of their labour and ingenuity as overpower the imagination. It turpiifes me the mote, my beloved father, because you know I have been accustomed to fee every individu ufefully employed in my own country, it being one of your favourite maxime, that the happinels of your people requires it. who art a mighty prince, are likewife the beft workman in thy dominions; for who

Thou

[blocks in formation]

the great men can bear to fi unemployed, and will eat the inftruments which other hand ed, and live in houfes with th ciple of whofe confraction th acquainted. From all this vaft deal of idle time to be fil mere amufements; and it is how many thefe people have which we have no conception extremely fond of dancing which implies much lefs e them than with us, and confi eating, drinking, and wearin ments. They extend this acc even to the brute creation; f that their dogs are taught to treets of the capital; fo much have Englishmen to bestow up verfions."

[blocks in formation]

MR. PRESIDENT,

I MOVED an adjournmen thought a more full and fair d due to this important queflion be had after this late hour.

The merits have never, uns before us, for although confid has been confumed in debate, ly been directed to the fubordi meats, and not to the main But fince the fenate have adjourn, I will now offer for tions on the merits, in doing y Rudy brevity, as much as the of the fubject will permit.

I fall attempt to prove, refolution before us, contai which have a manifeft tendend the fmall flates of an impor cured to them by a foluinn a tional compeét, and to veft an ther, I hall attempt to fhew, ing power in the great flu cs. other points the refolution is ble, and for a variety of c not to be agented.

As I fhall be obliged in de

main features of this refolutic the great flates in the union a jealouly, I with it to be unle no fpecial figma is intended. man, was the maxim expr tally part of this debate, by

to be

man from South Carolina, (Mr. Butler) and in application to the fubject of government, the maxim is worthy written in letters of gold. Yes, fir, "man is man," and the melancholy truth that he is always imperfect and frequently wicked, induces us to tear his power, and guard againft his rapacity, by the ef tablishment and prefervation of laws, and well regulated conflitutions of government. Man, when connected with very many of his fellow-men in a great ftate, derives power from the circumftance of this numerous combination; and from ev. ery circumstance which clothes him with additional power, he will generally derive fome additional force to his paffions.

Having premifed this, I fhall not deem it requifite to make any apology when I attempt to excite the attention, the vigilance, and even the jealoufy of the fmall, in reference to the conduct of the great ftates. The caution is meant to apply against the imperfections and paffions of man, generally, and not against any itate, or defcription of men, particularly.

It may be proper in this place to explain my meaning when I make ufe of the words fmail and great, as applicable to

flates.

Maffachusetts has been ufually called a great flate; but in refpect to all the operations of this refolution, the muft, I think, be ranked among the I. flates. The Diftrict of Maine is increafing rapidly, and muft, in the nature of things, foon become a state. To which event, its location, being divided from what was the ancient colony of Miffachufetts, by the intervention of New Hamphire, will very much contribute. I believe there is a legiflative provifion of fome years ftanding, authorizing a divifion at the option of Maine. When this event fhall occur, Maffachusetts, although in comparifen with Connecticut or Rhode-Iland, will not be a small ftate; yet in comparifoa with many others, mufl be fo confidered. I think myfelf juftifiable then, for my prefent purpofes, in calling Maine, NewHampire, Machuferts, Rode-Ifland, -Connecticut, Vermont, New-Jersey, D:1aware, Maryland and South-Carolina, fmall ftites. They are all limited in point of territory, and cannot reafonably expeét any great increase of population for many years, nor indeed, until the other fits thall become fo populous as to difcourage emigration, with agricultural views; which may retain the population of the fmall ftates as feamen or manufacturers. This event, if it ever arrives, must be diftant. A poffible exception only, may exit in favor of Maine; but when we confider its climate, and a variety of other circumstances, it is believed to form no folid exception to this ftatement.

By the fame rule of deciding, the refilue of the flates mufl be called great ; for although Georgia and feveral others are not fufficiently populous, at this time, to be confidered relatively great flates; yet their profpc&t of increale, with other circumflances, fairly bring them within. the defcription, in refpect to the operation of the measure now under confidera

tion.

It will be recollected that in the various turns which this debate has taken,gentlemen have repeatedly faid that the conflitution was formed for the people, that the good of the whole was its object, that rothing was difcernable in it like a contcft of

ftates, nothing like jealouty of fmall ftates against the great; and although fuch di tinctions and jealoufies might have existed under the firft contederation; yet they could have no exiflence under the lat. And one gentleman (Mr. Smith of Maryland) has faid that he has been a member of this government ten years, and has heard nothing of great and fmall ftates, as in the leaft affe&ting the operations of government, or the feelings of thofe who

adminiftered it.

Propriety, therefore, requires that we attentively examine the conflitution it felt, not only to obtain correct ideas upon thefe obfervations, fo repeatedly urged; but to place in the proper light the operations and effects of the refolution in debate.

If we attend to the conftitution, we hail immediatly find evident marks of conc-fion and compromife, and that the parties to thefe conceflions were the great

d

fmall states. And the members of the convention who formed the inftrument have in private information and public communications, united in the declaration, that the conflitution was the refult of conceffion and compromife between the great and fmall ftates. In this examination of the conflitution it will be impoflible to keep out of view our political relations under the firft contederation. We primarily united upon the footing of complete fate equality, each flate had one, and no flate had more than one vore in the federal

council or congrefs. With fuch a confederation we fucceistally waged war, and became an independent nation. Wher

we

were relieved from the preffure of war, that confederation, both in ftructure and power, was found inadequate to the profes for which it was eftablished. Under thefer circumilences, the fees, by their convention, entered into a new agrement upon principles better adapted to prom we their mutual fcurity and hap plaels. But this laft agreement or conftilution, under which we are now united, was manifeftly carved out of the first confederation. The fmall fates adhered tenaciously to the principle of ftate equi

; ty; and gave up only a part of this federative principle, complete ftate equality, and that, with evident caution and reluctance. To this federative principle they were attached by habit; and their attachment was fanctioned and corroborated by the example of most if not all the ancient, and the modern confederacies. And when the great flates claimed a weight in the counfels of the nation propiotionate to their numbers and wealth, the novelty of the claim, as well as its obvious tendency to reduce the fovereignty of the fmail tates, muft have produced ferious obflacles to its admiffion. Hence it is, that we find in the conftitution but one entire

departure from the federative principle. The houfe of reprefentatives is eft blifhed upon the popular principle and given to numbers and wealth, or to the great ftates, which in this view of the fubje&t are fynonimous. It was thought by the convention, that a confolidation of the fiates into one fimple republic, would be improper. And the local feelings and jealoufies of all, but more especially of the fmall ftates, rendered a confolidation impracticable.

The Senate, who have the power of a legiflative check upon the houle of repreientatives, and many other extenfive and important powers, is preferved as an entire federative feature of government as it was enjoyed, by the final flatcs, under the firft onfederacy.

In the article which obliges the electors of Prefidem to vote for one perfon not an inhabitant of the fame fate with them. felves, is difcovered flate jealousy. In the majorities of two-thirds required for many purpofes by the conflitution; although there were other motives for the regula tions; yet the jealoufy of the final states is clearly difcernible. Indeed, fir, if we perufe the confiitution with attention, we fhail find the fmall ftates are perpetually guarding the federative principle, that is, ftate equality. And this, in eve ry part of it, except in the choice of the Fufe of reprefentatives, and in their ordinary legiflative proceedings. They go fo far as to prohibit any au endment, which may affect the equality of ftates in the

Senate.

This is guarding again almeft an impoffbility; because the Senators of the mel, flates must be criminally remifs in heir attendance, and the legiflares extremely off their guard, if they sermit fuch alterations, which aim at their own exilence. Bat left fom accident, fome unaccountable blindrets or perfidy fhond put in jeopardy the federative pri ciple in the Senate, they totally and forever prohibit all attempts at ich a meafure.

In the choice e' Prefdcrt, the mutal cartion and conceffion of picat ar de 1

ftates is, if poffible, more confpicuous than in any other part of the constitution.

He is to be chofen by electors appointed as the state legiflatures fhall direct, not according to numbers entirely, but adding two electors in each flate as reprefentatives of ftate fovereignty. Thus Delaware obtains three votes for Prefident, whereas the could have but one in right of numbers. Yet mixed as this mode of choice is, with both popular and federative principles; we fee the fmall ftates watching its motions and circumfcribing it to one attempt only, and on failure of an electoral choice they inftantly feize upon the right of a federal election, and felect from the candidates a Prefident, by flates and not by numbers. In confirmation of my aflertion, that this part of the conftitution was peculiarly the effect of comprom. ife between the great and fmall states; permit me to quote an authority which will certainly have great weight, not only in the Senate, but through the union. I mean that of the prefent fecretary of state (Mr. Madifon) who was a leading member of the federal convention who formed, and of the Virginia convention who adop ted the conftitution. In the debates of the Virginia convention, vol. 3, page 77, he fays, (fpeaking of the mode of electing the Prefident,) "As to the eventual voting by flates it has my approbation. The leffer itates and fome larger ftates will be generally pleafed by that mode. The deputies from the fmall flates argued, and there is fome force in their reafoning, that when the people voted, the large states evidently had the advantage over the reft, and without varying the mode, the interefts of the little ftates might be neglected or facrificed. Here is a compromife. For in the eventual election, the fmall Aates will have the advantage.'

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

By the last mail the executive received difpatches from New-Orleans,dated on the 3d inft. whence it appears that on the 30th ult. poffeffion of Louisiana was publicly and folemnly delivered to France by the commiflioners of Spain. The Spanish troops were of courfe preparing to embark in order to leave the province. Thofe of the battalion of Mexico, it was expected, would depart in a few days for Havannah in a floop of war then at New-Orleans.

The American troops it appears, by letters received by the fame mail, were to leave Fort Adams on the 9th inft. with the commissioners of the United States for New-Orleans, where they were anxioufly looked for both by the French comm'r and the inhabitants. [Nat. Int.]

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

mation, two Englifh fhips of the lin and two frigates fet fail without delay i purfuit of the Barbarian fquadron, whic they overtook, and funk feven of thei veffels.

On the news of this defeat the Dey of Algiers had all the English agents thrown into irons, and their property confifcates. Admiral Nelfon, when informed of this barbarous reprifal, flationed himfelf be fore Algiers, with a fquadron of leven frigates. The English admiral immediately ordered his fquadron to advance, and in the middle of the night commenced a brifk fire of bombs and heated balls, which fpread fear and defolation through the city. The Dey fent a meffage to lord Nelfon, who replied he could give no answer for feveral hours, during which interval the bombardment continued without interruption, in fuch a manner as to cause the moft dreadful ravages through the city. Afterwards on a fecond meffage from the Dey, with new propofitions, lord Nelton demanded that all the English agents fhould be fet at liberty, and a complete indemni ty be made for the loffes they had fuftain. ed, with the releafment of all the cap. tives. He exacted befides the fum of 500,000 fequins, with the promise that the Dey would never again make either Tufcans or Naepolitans captives.

FOREIGN SKETCHES.

THE INVASION,

Had not taken place at the date of our laft accounts. The fhip commerce, arriv ed at Philadelphia, left Liverpool on the 15th of November, at which time, it was believed the miniftry momently looked for the French in fome quarter-it was gener ally fuppofed Ireland would be first attacked. On the 5th November, it was report ed in London that Bonaparte was on the coat of France, fuperintending the em barkation of his army. This rumour created confiderable agitation. On the 8th however, it appeared that he was fill at Paris, aud instead of fhipping foldiers, was receiving levee company.

IRISH CONSPIRACY.

Irish accounts received at London, Nov. 7, mention the difcovery of a fresh conpiracy at Wexford. The intention of the confpirators appears to have been to mur der all the loyalifts of the town at a given fignal, and to have revived all the attrocities of the confpiracy of 1798. Twentyfour perfons fitting in committee, were feized with their papers. The dilcovery was made by Quigley, who had been indicted at Dublin, for high treafon. Two

= confpirators (foldiers) had given information of the views of the committee. Mr. James Tandy, brother to the noted GenNapper Tandy, who lately died at Bourdeaux, was arrefted. Mr. Lawless a brewer, and brother to Surgeon Lawless, who fled from Ireland in 1798, was alfo arrefted. It was understood that all perfons having friends or connections in France, would be put in a ftate of arreft. Warrants had been iffued for the apprehenfion of not less than 100 perfons in the neigh. borhood of Naas, in the county of Kildare.

[ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

BETWEEN SPAIN AND ENGLAND.

Capt. Ripley, who arrived at this port on Saturday laft, from Liverpool, reports, that on the 9th Dec. he fpoke the fchooner Eunice, Capt. Brown, 29 days from Lifbon for Portfmouth, who informed him that Spain had declared war againft England, eight days before he failed.The Eunice has arrived at Portsmouth but the paper which reports her arrival makes no mention of fuch intelligence; whether this is to be attributed to the inattention of Capt. B. in not acquainting the printer of circumflance of confid rable intereft to this country; or whether captain Ripley, mifunderftood the tenure of the information he received, we know not. [Bofton Gazette.]

FROM THE SAVANNAH MUSEUM,

found himfel! forced to leave the colony, or to remain at the hazard of his life, which was rumoured to be in danger. It was not until after attacks fo arbitrary, against a man poffeffing the confidence of the French government, that Rochambeau completely laid afide the mafk; which he did not only by continuing his outrages upon the Prefect, but by publicly difregarding the arretes of the Firft Conful, and of public opinion, in placing at the head of the adminiftration, a man, who was alike the abhorrence and contempt, both of the French and American commerce. This ordonnateur pro tem. it is reported on good authority, has proceeded to fign Bills of Exchange or the public treafury of France for the Colonial Prefect; a power, which we understand the Prefect has not delegated to him; and which, of courfe, is an important piece of information to the commerce of this country, in order to fecure it againft impofition from this quarter.

Capt. Moore, of the Citizen, alfo bro't with him 12 prifoners belonging to the English marine, which were put on board him by Rochambeau, with orders to deliv. er them to Com.nodore Loring, cruifing off the Cape; but not meeting with him, or any other English veffel, on his arrival he delivered them to the British Vice Conful in this city.

SPRINGFIELD, DEC. 27.

HORRID MURDER & SUICIDE.

ON Sunday night the 18th inft. Mr. Phinehas Moody, of Somers, (Conn.) who had for fometime previous been in a low melancholy ftate of mind, was led to the horrid purpofe of murdering his family and himfelf. After the family were afleep, he procured an axe with which he in the first place killed his wife and infant child, about twelve months old. His wife was badly cut in feveral places; her arm, on which, probably, the child lay, was cut almost entirely off, likely by the blow which difpatched the intant. He then went up into a chamber where flept a niece of his, about eight years of age, whom he mangled in a fhocking manner. Gen. Rochambeau

of December 14. In the fchooner Citizen, capt. Moore, from Cape Francois, came pallenger, (among feveral others) M. Magrytot, the Colonial Prefect of St. Domingo, and who we are informed by a gentleman paffenger in the Citizen, was compelled by force to leave the, colony.

fince the month of October, it appears, had taken a diflike to the prefence of M. Magnytor, who during his refidence in the colony had uniformly endeavored to reprefs the dilapidations of the General and his adherents and confequently became the fubject of Rochambeau's implacable refentiment and who, after having every obftacle thrown in his way that could obfruct or embarrass the exercife of his functions as Colonial Prefect, eventually

She had

feveral galhes of the axe in different parts of her face, neck and breaft; three of her fingers cut entirely off and others partly. He then returned to his room where his wife was and left the axe, and went into a lower room and cut his own throat from ear to ear. He was about forty years of age. The next morning the deed was dif covered by a little lad who went to the house with an errand, who fpread the alarm. The fcene was enough to "harrow up the

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][subsumed]

"AT Spencertown, in this county, on the first instant, Doctor ZACHARIAH STANDISH, surgeon of the Hillsdale regiment of militia, in the forty first year of his age; leaving behind him, a disconsolate widow and four children to bewail his loss. He was a loving husband, a tender parent, and a sincere ar.d steady friend; eminently useful in his profession; and universally and deservedly esteemed and respected by his numerous friends and acquaintance, for the many virtues he possessed; but particularly by those, who knew him best:

"No farcher seek his merits to disclose, Nor draw his frailties from their dread abode, (There they alike in trembling hope repose,) The bosom of his father and his God." The last solemn rites to his remains were perform ed the following day, in the masonic order, by a respectable number of the brethren, and attended by a numerous collection of his friends."

[Correspondent.]

To Correspondents.

A poetical production, entitled Man a free agent," offered for publication as original, is not well calculated for a newspaper. Religious controversies should be carried on through some other medium. The writer can lay but small claims to origins ality: For the two first lines and many ideas in his piece, he is indebted to PETER PINDAR.

"SOCRATES on the subject of the Laws," shall have a place next week.

EXTRACT.

The subject of GIVING OF REFUSING QUARTER to the French Invaders, has recently been discussed in the British papers; and the discussion terminated in favor of forbearance. As auxiliary to the prevailing argument, the following, from the benevolent Muse of COLLINS, has been inliated. The perusal will gratify the poet as well as the philanthropist. [Boston Cinel.]

ODE

TO MERCY.

OTIOU! who sit'st a smiling Bride
By Valour's arm'd, and awful side,
Gentlest of sky-born forms, and best ador'd,
Who oft with sorgs, divine to hear,
Wins't, from his fatal grasp, the spear,
And hid'st in wreaths of flowers his bloodless
sword.

Thou, who, amidst the deathful field,
By godlike chiefs alone beheld,

Oft with thy bosom bare, art found

Pleading for him, the youth that sinks to ground; Sce MERCY, see, with pure and loaded hands, Before thy shrine my country's genius stands, And decks thy altar still, tho' pierc'd with many a wound.

When he, whom e'en our joys provoke,
The Fiend of Nature join'd his yoke,
And rush'd, in wrath, to make our Isle his prey,
Thy form, from out thy sweet abode,
O'ertook him on his blasted road,

And stopp'd his wheels, and look'd his rage away!

I see recoil his sable steeds,

That bore him swift to savage deeds;
Thy tender melting eyes they own,

Oh, Maid! for all thy love to Britain shewn,
Where Justice bars her iron tower,

To thee we build a roseate bower,
Thou! thou shalt rule our Queen, and share our
Monarch's throne !

Diverity.

FROM THE CHARLESTON COURIER.

THE conduct of the prefent adminiftration as compared with that of their prede. ceffors, happening to come under difcuf

"

66

intimate with the duke of Montrofe, Sir have been in all the courts in England, Sir-I've plead in the Court of King's Bench." "Have you, fir, (belched out a votary of Bacchus, fresh from his orgies, who had entered while Graham was ma king his pompous replication) and what did you plead GUILTY or NOT GUIL TY?"

plead

66

TOM PAINE,

TEMPERATE AND HAPPY!

The following is from a late Liverpool paper :

Extract of a letter from Thomas Paint, to a friend in England.

"My property in this country (Amer ica,) has been taken care of by my litenc, and is worth 6oool. fterling; which p in the funds will bring me 400l. iter a year.

66

fion in a company in this city a few days || all over Europe, Sir-I myfelf, Sir, was
ago, much good natured argument, and
pleasant mutual raillery, or badgering, as
it is called, took place. One anti-federalift,
however, ftuck fifmly to the old tale topic
of economy, and enlarged upon the mer-
it of administration in filling the coffers of
the treasury; while on the other hand, it
was infifted that a great part of the appar-
ent increase was not created by actual fav.
ing, or found financial management; but
by the fale of the fhipping, provifions and
naval flores, of that navy which the feder-
al adminiftration had erected, and which.
ought at this day to be protecting our cofis
and harbours, from pirates under the name
of privateers. After much argument on
both fides, by which neither feemed to he
convinced, one of the difputants turned
to an Irishnan, not long arrived in Ame-
ica, and faid, Well, what do you think
of it?" Why, faid Pat, in anfwer, I'l
tell you what I think of it. The financial
management of your government reminds
me of poor Katty Murphy, the huckster,
in the town I came from." There was a
general laugh, of courfe, and the anti-fed-
erai advocate, a little difconcerted, cried
out heftily, "How, how, how in the name
of wonder do you make that out ?" "Why.
you must know, replied Pat, that Katty,
like many others, though penurious e-
nough in heart, was fo waiteful trom fta-
pidity, that he became bankrupt, and at
laft had nothing but one.fhilling and about
a peck of flour; fo poor foul, the went
to the butcher, and give her fhilling for a
bicaft of mutton, which the cut into twelve
very nate little chops, of which he made
twelve very nate little pics, and fold them
for three half, ace a piece. Meeting a
neighbour, he began to boat of her thrift,
and financial fill-"I have got fix pence
clear gains this blefed morning, laid poor
How fo? faid the other
ober..
Why, I bought a breaft of nitton, the
replied, for a filling, and I made it i
twelve pies, which I fold for three ha
pence a piece." But where, laid her
more fagacious friend, where did you get,
the flour? Och, my dear child, kid Ka-
ty, why I had that niyle

[graphic]
[ocr errors][merged small]

THE celebrated John A. Graham, L. L. D. was lately introduced into a room in a Coffee Houle in the city of ******** in which were feveral gentlemen ; and began with his ufual pertnefs and impudence, to ufurp all the converfation. At length, one of the company, provoked with his pertinacious impertinence iuformed him, that his prefence could be difpenf ed with." Sir, (cried the enraged defcendant of the houfe of M********)'I fee you don't know me.-My name, Sir, is General John A. Graham, Sir-travelled

I have yet, I believe, fome years in ftore, for I have a good state of health, and a happy mind; and I take care of both, H nourishing the firft with temperance! the latter with abundance Rifum teneatis amici ?

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]
« 前へ次へ »