s of our new government ly difplayed in a new and - in relation to the beacons Hook for the benefit of the w.York. It appears from fhed in New-York, that of Sandy-Hook, in 1801, e collector of New-York, out to erect a beacon, not out their confent, which nted without a reasonable r the land. Two thou. re propofed as being, in E the proprietors, a reafation. To this propofi. as returned; but in De. was erected without furation, The proprietors ves aggrieved, commenced -fpafs, at the fame time of

to indifferent and intelliNew-York, mutually chocompenfation, and that be bound by their decif. was declined, and in Au. e proprietors obtained a o dollars damages for the ame offer of a fubmiffion fons was repeated and and another fuit was inflintinuance of the trefpafs. ng to the equitable and amof the proprietors, the fecfury, Mr. Gallatin, appliTature of New-Jerley to pelling the proprietors to Ed States fo much ground effary for the erection of a Il paffed ore branch of the izing the United States to fuch price as a fheriff's ide to be the real and inthe foil, without refer

.

The lights were accordingly difcontinued about the firft of March, the confequence of which has been that two fhips and a brig have run on fhore upon the Hook.

Taking the whole of this affair togeth er, it furnishes, we think, as ftriking an example as we have hitherto feen of the economies, and the equal and exact juf tice of our wife and frugal government." The land, it feems, might have been originally purchafed for two thoufand dollars. Our frugal administration, however, out of their pure love for equal and exact juftice, chofe to fave the a ooo dollars by taking it for nothing. The confequence has been, that they have already been compelled to pay eight hundred and fifty dollars for the trefpafs of erecting and continuing one of the beacons, and a fuit is now hanging over them for erecting another and continuing both. In this fuit the proprietors will recover, probably, at least a thousand dollars more, and fill the government will be liable to new fuits for every day that the beacons continue. To avoid this, the adminiftration have difcontinued the lights and ordered. that the beacons fhall be pulled down in cafe the proprietors require it.

Thus cofts and damages to more than the purchase n.oney originally demanded have already been incurred for unlawful trefpaffes and in defending fuits; the whole expenfe of erecting two beacons is thrown away; and what is much worfe than all, the lives and properties of all those who

pected to find them on expofed to fhipwreck.

The two fhips which Sandy-Hook, in confe guishing the lights of gone to pieces.

It is faid that the dutie goes of the two fhips wrecked on Sandy Hoo of the extinguishment of der of Mr. Gallatin, wo ed to upwards of twelve A fill further proof of t omy

which actuates the

FROM THE CHARLEST

AMONG the qualiti federal papers mention a the office of Vice-Prefid in Gov, Clinton, is his fervices. Is he to be ele of fhewing that the office requires very different qi of Prefident? Mr. Jef quality for a prefidentbouring under an abfence Mr. Clinton has military fore is fit for a Vice-Piel

Or is it from a congen fentiment in that way be chofen by the friends

Or is it that there ou military fame between -and fo they are coupled poulterers, a fat and lea them go the farther?

Which ever of these is mire the choice. As wifd combined in the perfon Minerva, fo war and wil affociated in our cabinet, Meffrs. JEFFERSON and

any

rally true. Ought not, then, our a- and fober citizens, to fearch for the fes of thefe evils? Ought they not to their faces against men who are thus olving us in confufion and ruin? Look k to the peaceful reign of federal prinles-when Washington, and Adams, A Hamilton, and Jay, were at the helm. o you find at that period, any thing like e prefent uproar? Yet that period has en called the reign of terror. That riod has been branded with every odis epithet, which the genius of calumny uld invent. Let honest man com re it with the prefent period. If that as a reign of terror, then this is a reign every thing wicked and deteftable. It en prefume to judge for themselves, at ection, they are told by fome upftart aoftate, that they fhall be Jcourged with nfold feverity. If a clafs of our citiens prefume to oppofe the pretenfions of ome ariftocrat, who may be fupported hy he two nob.e families, that cla's are denominated" a damned contemptible facion." In fhort; any man who fhall dare o bid defiance to the mushroom nobility who are afpiring to abfolute power in this Rate, is at once profcribed by the hand of power. And every renegado rafcal in the community, who can controul a prefs, is let loofe upon his character. This is the fource of all our confufion. This is the fpark which has blazed into that party animofity, which now threatens our deftruction.

only repeat the wish, that that law now existed and that the federal printers might have the benefit of its mild provisions. We wish that truth might be protected by the law. We wish that our rulers could find some better shield against the censures of the people, than a law which declares that "TRUTH IS A LIBEL." We wish their conduct was such as to bear scrutiny and investigation.- But our wishes are vain.-Under the present order of things, the sedi tion law is not permitted to exist. We are deprived of its salutary provisions. Truth is not protected by the law. Our rulers shelter themselves under an old and musty British law, which forbids the promulgation of truth-they shrink from scrutiny-they dare not submit their conduct to investigation.

We will only refer the reader to the prosecution & trial of the editor of this paper. The conduct of the Attorney-General and of the Chief Justice, on that trial, is well known.-We shall offer no remarks on that part of the business, at present; as our only object is, to expose the duplicity and hypocrisy of the reigning faction.

It will be recollected that Ambrose Spencer, through the whole of the transaction, pretended to regret that the law under which he acted, was oppressive and tyrannical-that he pretended to regret that the truth could not be given in evidence. But, he said, such was the law, and he was bound to conform to it. Until the law was altered, he said, truth was a libel, and must be punished. But, he "thanked God" that there was a prospect of a reform in the law. He trusted, he said, that the le gislature would alter and amend it. Every petty democrat in the country soon took his cue from Ambrose Spencer. They all became lawyers, and swore the British common law concerning libels, was the law of this state; but, at the same time, acknowledged that it was very unjust, and ought to be alter ed. Even John Barber, "printer to the state," was as completely guiled as the rest of his party. He thought, poor simple man, that Spencer was in good earnest, and began to talk largely on the subject himself. He even went so far as to call the common law, which Spencer and Lewis had adopted, "a hoary system of fully, injustice and tyrranny;" and he said that "the friends to the freedom of speech and of the press, wished a reform."

It appears by uine republican Governor, beca tegrity would But now, wher federal support,

cy. The same t man, proves MOh, what consis

2 PO

Well, this was all talk, a commodity in which democrats deal by wholesale. The federalists, however, had but little faith in these professions; and they were resolved to put them to the test. Accor dingly Mr. Emott (a federal member) introduced in the house of assembly, last winter, a bill concer ning libels," allowing the truth to be given in ev Hence, &c. as a dreadful blow to the demo Spencer, and all the table offices) w

table ctizer

alad pedlars, and in a doleful di manufactured by D ham. This horribl our gaping demo ra all cruelly disappoin out to be nothing b

The Hon. Judge Sp say, to attend our cl The man cannot be se

132

Agricultural.

EXTRACT.

FROM THE ALEXANDRIA EXPOSITOR.

AGR

GRICULTURE cannot but be improved by an attention to the daily difcoveries in chemistry; thefe have taught us the food of plants, and the art of correcting the vices of foil fo as to render it moft fit for vegitation. The fub. ftances by which this is accomplished, are termed MANURES, and which are of courfe, varied, according to the nature of the foil on which they were employed.

naturally fuit clover, it fhould be ftrewed on the ferface in February, when it converts the old grafs into coal, and nourish es the young growth.

Befides the manures already mentioned, charcoal felf, and Joap boiler's waste have been fuccefsfully uted.

Lime, has been found to be a very good manure, but Mr. Tennant difcoverd that lime procured from magnesian limestone was injurious to vegitation.

The fertilizing powers of dung proceed from its refolution into foil or animal earth, and from its yielding carbon and hydrogen.

Bonitorial Department.

To aid the cause of virtue and religion.

EXTRACT.

ON THE ART OF THINKING.

THE

For clayey foils the beft manure is marl, HE fuccefs and happiness of that which is moft calcareous is, with men in this life, and their deftination in the limeftoneg gravel moft ufeful. Marl and next, depend upon their modes of thinkdung are flill more advantageous. Where thele cannot be had, coarfe fand, lime, ing. It is of the utmost importance therecoals, athes, chips of wood, burned clay, fore to think correctly. Upon this fubbrick duft, gravel or even pebbles are ufe-ject we beg leave to prefent our readers ful, for all thefe improve the texture, and fome of them fupply carbon.

For chalky foils the beft manure is clayey or fandy loam, they wanting argillaceous and fandy ingredients. For this clayey mari, and then clay mixed with lime, or calcareous or clayey loams.

For gravelly loams, marls, whether argillaceous or calcareous, are proper; and it the gravel be calcarious, clay may be employed. For ferruginous, loam, or til, and vitriolic foils, the calcarious ingredient is required to neutralife the acid.

Boggy foils generally are helped with limeltone gravel, or lime mixed with coarse fand or gravel, efpecially of a clayey nature; but if more fandy, lime or calcarions mail will anfwer well; in general they fhould be burned, to liberate the carbonaceous principle.

་

Heathy Joils fhould, for the fame reason, be burned, and line ftone gravel fhould be added when the foil is clayey, and lime when it is gravelly.

By paring and burning the old fickly roots are deflroyed and coal is formed, by which the carbonaceous principle is reflor ed, which has been exhaufted by too many

crops.

Gypfon from its accelerating purefaction is a mof excellent manure, especially for clayey lands, and fuch as are dry and

*Plaister of Paris.

with the excellent obfervations of Mr. Mafon:

cer

The right government of the thoughts requires no fmall art, vigilance, and refolution. But it is a matter of fuch vaft importance to the peace and improvement of the mind, that it is worth while to be at fome pains about it. A man that hath fo numerous and turbulent a family to gov ern as his own thoughts, which are too apt to be at the command of his paffions and appetites, ought not to be long from home. If he be, they will foon grow mutinous and diforderly under the conduct of those two headftrong guides, and raife great clamours and difurbances, and fometimes on the flighteft occafions. And a more dreadful fcene of mifery can hardly be imagined, than that which is occafioned by fuch a tumult and uproar within, when a raging confcience or inflamed paffions are let loose without check or control. A city in flames, or the mutiny of a drunken crew abroad, who have murdered the Captain, and are butchering one another, are

but faint emblems of it. The torment of the mind, under fuch an insurrection and favage of the paffions, is not easy to be. conceived. The most revengeful man cannot with his enemy a greater.

Of what vaft importance then is it for a man to watch over his thoughts, in order to a right government of them! To confider what kind of thoughts find the cafieft ad

Literary Gleanings.

FOR THE BALANCE.

a

the real author of the piece was mong the number) attributed to him. He was confined in the Baftile for a year, and after having again obtaired his liberty, was forbidden to appear in Paris for femetime. At length tired of continuing in the country, he addreffed the following verfes to the Countefs of Thouloufe, that The might intercede for him to be permit ted to return.

For me, oh! deign to supplicate that prince, Who, amiable and wise, with you so late Dangers and storms sustain'd, and look'd on death : Him with sweet sounds conjure to avert the storm That me pursues, and thus persuasive speak Oh thou whose cares our destimes have chang'd, Whose bene factions signalize thy pow'r, Who smil'st best pleas'd, when smiles humanity; Oh Prince, there yet remains a wretch in France, A vagrant son of verse, unfortunate, Whilem by thee condemn'd to fly those haunts Embellish'd by thy reign-Yet think that oft Appello's favorites best a Prince's deeds Eternize, banish them, thou but driv'st forth So many heralds to thy own renown; Augustus thus the tender Ovid drove To Scythian wilds, and, tho' an earthly ged

Augustus was, in this he was but man ;

Blest tho' he liv'd, may'st thou great Prince now prove Than he more clement, and than he more happy.

Soon after the difgrace of the Baftille, a perfon of experience in the affairs of the world predicted to M. de Voltaire, what he afterwards found very true. "Young man, faid he, continue to write tragedies, and renounce every ferious occupation; doubt not, however, but you will be perfecuted during your whole life, fince you are fo far abandoned by God, as, in a fit of youthful levity, to become a poet."

CARICATURE OF VOLTAIRE.

From the moft cordial friends, Rouffeau and Voltaire became the moft bitter and implacable enemies. The following fevere paffage, is copied from a letter of the former, written to a friend foon after the quarrel :

"Should I defcribe a conceited fool, pillaging all the authors he met with, and then decrying, in hopes to prevent others from reading them, and fo difcovering his thefts; fhould I exhibit the fame man endeavoring to conceal the moft profound ignorance under the pride of pedantry, and manifefting, even in his gait and geftures, all the abfurdities of a madman, difplaying a rafhnefs which, beginning in infolence, always terminates in meanness ; short, one given up to the utmost extrav. agance of fentiments and condu&t; fometimes cloathing religion in the garb of impiety, and at others invefting impiety in the robes of religion; would M. De Voltaire think himself obliged to any one who fhould fay, this muft certainly have been intended for your portrait ?"

ה

In Voltaire's anfwer to the letter, of which the foregoing paffage is an extract, he indulges in a train of cutting fatire, feldom if ever equalled. I copy a few paffages as a specimen :

"A fimple kind of man, by name Rouffeau, has printed a long letter relative to me, in which, luckily for me, there is nothing but flander, and, unluckily for himfelt, not the leaft refemblance of wit. The reafon why this piece is fo very bad, is, that it is entirely his own."

Speaking of Rouffeau's want of hiftorical knowledge, he fays,

"But we muft permit a inere rhimer to be a little ignorant."

"We fometimes find people who underftand but very indifferently an Occupation they have followed all their lives. It is remarkable that Rouffeau knows not even how to flander."

"He has heard it faid, hypocrify is neceffary, if we wish to triumph over our ememies and I grant he had recourfe to this admirabic expedient.

"Inur'd t' affronts Rousseau had been
With groans and catcals, chaced the scene.
From Paris was, with cudgels, driven
'Mong Germans, then, to be forgiv'n,
And act the devotee, he ran :

He could not act the honest man."

"But to act the devotee is not alone fufficient to do mifchief, fome addrefs is neceffary. God be thanked, Rouffeau's incapacity is equal to his hypocrify: without this counterpoife he had been dangerous indeed."

It feems that Rouffeau's father was a fhoemaker, and made hoes for Voltaire's father. This circumftance was frequently mentioned in a reproachful manner by Voltaire, in his quarrels with Rouffeau. In the letter above mentioned, the following abufive paffage occurs :

Rouffeau is much in the wrong to wifh ill to me; for, exclufive of the connection between my father and his, I have at prefent a valet de chambre who is his kinfman, and a very honest fellow. This poor lad very often afks my pardon for the paltry verfes of his relation."

Political.

REPORT

Of the committee appointed to prepare ar. ticles of impeachment against Samuel Chafe, one of the affociate juftices of the Supreme Court of the United States.

ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT.

Articles exhibited by the Houfe of Rep

refentatives of the United States, in the

name of themselves and of all the people of the United States, against Samuel Chafe, one of the affociate juftices of the fupreme court of the United States, in maintenance and fupport of their impeachment against him, for high crimes. and mifdemeanors.

ARTICLE I.

That, unmindful of the folemn duties of his office, and contrary to the facred obligation by which he stood bound to difcharge them " faithfully and impartially, and without refpe&t to perfons," the faid Samuel Chafe, on the trial of John Fries, charged with treafon, before the circuit court of the United States, held for the dif tria of Pennfylvania, in the city of Phila|| delphia, during the months of April and May, one thoufand eight hundred, whereat the faid Samuel Chafe prefided, did, in his judicial capacity, condu&t himself in a manner highly arbitrary, oppreflive and unjoft; viz..

1. In delivering an opinion in writing, on the queftion of law, on the conftruction. of which the defence of the accufed materially depended, tending to prejudice the minds of the jury again the cafe of the

faid John Fries, the prifoner, before counfel had been heard in his defence.

2. In reftri&ting the counfel for the faid Fries from recurring to fuch English authorities as they believed appofite, or from citing certain ftatutes of the United States which they deemed illuftrative of the pofitions, upon which they intended to reft the defence of their client.

3. In debarring the prifoner from his conftitutional privilege of addreffing the jury (through his counfel) on the law, as well as on the fact, which was to determine his guilt or innocence, and at the fame time endeavoring to wreft from the jury their indifputable right to hear argument, and determine upon the queftion of law as well as the queftion of fact involved in the verdict which they were required to give. ARTICLE II.

That, in confequence of this irregular conduct of the faid Samuel Chafe, as dangerous to our liberties, as it is novel to our laws and ufages, the faid John Fries was deprived of the right, fecured to him by the eight articles amendatory of the conftitution, and was condemned to death without having been heard, by counfel, in his defence, to the difgrace of the character of the American Bench, in manifeft violation. of law and juftice, and in open contempt of the rights of juries, on which ultimately reft the liberty and fafety of the American people.

ARTICLE III.

That, prompted by a fimilar spirit of perfecution and injuftice, at a circuit court the month of May, 1800, for the diftria of the United States, held at Richmond, in of Virginia, where at the faid Samuel Chafe prefided, and before which a certain James Thompfon Callender was arraigned for a libel on John Adams, then prefident of the United States, the faid Samuel Chafe, with intent to opprefs, and procure the conviction of the faid Callender, did overrule the objection of John Baffet, one of the jury, who wifhed to be excufed from ferving on the faid trial, because he had made up his mind, as to the publication from which the words, charged to be libellous, in the indictment, were extrafied; and the faid Baffet was accordingly fworn, and did ferve on the faid jury.

ARTICLE IV.

That the evidence of John Taylor, a material witnefs on the behalf of the aforefaid Callender, was not permitted by the faid Samuel Chafe to be given in, because the faid witnefs could not prove the truth of the whole of one of the charges contained in the indiment, although the faid charge embraced more than one fact. ARTICLE V.

That the conduct of the faid Samuel Chafe was marked during the whole courfe

of the faid trial, by manifeft injufice, par

tiality and intemperance: viz.