TO READERS. HUDSON, (NEW-YORK) TUESDAY, May 8, 1804. afters at noon, will have but little time, except the night, to digeft the one or fpec IN consequence of the absence of the editor,ulate upon the other. The night, there who is attending court at New-York, the Balance must appear, for a week or two, without the usual proportion of original matter. Seleäed. FROM THE PORT FOLIO. THE LAY PREACHER. "Watchman, what of the night?" TO this query of Ifaiah the watchman makes, I think, but a fimple reply; and tells the prophet what, if he had the leaft fmattering of aftronomy, he must have well known before, that the morning cometh, and alfo the night." Any old Almanac could have faid as much. I think that night, however footy and ill-favoured it may be pronounced by thofe, who were born under a day.flar, merits a more particular defcription. I feel peculiarly difpofed to arrange fome ideas in favour of this feafon. I know that the majority are literally blind to its merits; they must be prominent, indeed, to be dif cerned by the closed eyes of the fnorer, who thinks night was made for nothing but fleep. But the ftudent and fage are willing to believe that it was formed for higher purposes; and that it not only recruits exhaufted fpirits, but fometimes informs inquifitive, and amends wicked ones. Duty, as well as inclination, urges the Lay Preacher to fermonife, while others. flumber. To read numerous volumes in the morning, and to obferve various char fore, is often dedicated to compofition, and while the light of the paly planets dif. covers at his defk the Preacher, more wan than they, he may be heard repeating emphatically with Dr. Young, Darkness has much divinity for me. He is then alone, he is then at peace. No companions near, but the filent volumes on his fhelf, no noise abroad but the click of the village clock, or the bark of the village dogs. The deacon has then imoked his fixth and laft pipe, and asks not a queftion more, concerning Jofephus, or the church. Stillness aids ftudy, and the fermon proceeds. Such being the obli gations to night, it would be ungrateful not to acknowledge them. As my watchful eyes can difcern its dim beauties, my warm heart fall feel, and my prompt pen fhall defcribe, the ufes and the pleasures of the nocturnal hour. Watchman, what of the night? I can, with propriety, imagine this question addreffed to myfelf. I am a profeffed lucubrator, and who fo well qualified to delineate the fable hours, as A meager, muse rid mope, adust and thin. However injurioufly night is treated by the fleepy moderns, the vigilance of the ancients could not overlook its benefits and joys. In as carly a record, as the book of Genefis, I find that Ifaac, though he devoted his affiduous days to action, referved fpeculation till night. He went out to meditate in the field at the eventide.' He chole that fad, that folemn hour, to reflect upon the virtues of a beloved and departdo mother. The tumults and glare of day fuited not with the forrow of his foul. He had loft his moft amiable, moft genuine friend, and his unoftentatious grief was eager to privacy and shade. Sincere forrow rarely fuffers its tears to be feen. It was natural for Ilaac to felect a season to weep in, which hould refemble the colour of his fate.' The darkness, the folemnity, the ftillnefs of cvc, were favorable to his melancholy purpofe. He forfook, therefore, the bustling tents of his father, the pleasant south country,' and 'well of Lahairoi,' he went out and penfively meditated at the eventide. The Grecian and Roman philofophers firmly believed that the dead of midnight is the noon of thought.' One of them is citing knowledge from the skies, in private beautifully defcribed by the poct, as fuliand nightly audience, and that neither his theme, nor his nightly walks were forfaken till the fun appeared, and dimmed his nobler intelle&tual beam.' We undoubtedly owe to the ftudious nights of the ancients, most of their elaborate and immortal productions. Among them it was neceffary that every man of letters fhould trim the midnight lamp. The day might be given to the Forum or the Circus, but the night was the feafon for the flatesman to project his fchemes, and for the poet to pour his verfe. Night has likewife, with great reafon, been confidered, in every age, as the aftronomer's day. Young obferves, with energy, that an undevout aftronomer is mad.' The priviledge of contemplating thofe brilliant and numerous myriads of planets, which bedeck our fkies, is peculiar to night, and it is our duty, both as lovers of moral and natural beauty, to blefs that feason, when we are indulged with fuch a gorgeous difplay of glittering and useful radiance. It must be confeffec that the feclufion, calmness, and tranquil. lity of midnight, is moft friendly to ferious and even airy contemplations. Milton, in one of his poems, fays fervently, Let my lamp, at midnight hour . Political. FROM THE U. S. GAZETTE. "MOLE RUIT SUA." tion, and you admit all that is required. If any other circumflances than the preent, the French nation would reject our terms, certainly their acceding to them now must be attributed, not to our wildom and forefight, but to their peculiar Gtuation. A SLIGHT acquaintance with the hiftory and character of mankind, will I am but little difpofed, in the next enable us to perceive with what facility place, to admit the probability of thofe they are duped by appearances that are happy confequences which, it is faid, will flattering to themfelves; with what avidi- refult to our country from this fingular ty they catch at objects that are gratifying purchafe. In thus departing from the oto their vanity, or conducive to their pow-pinion of the majority, I am actuated by no malicious with of injuring what I am unable to enjoy, by no captious defire of depreciating a tranfaction in which I had no fhare. My obfervations may poffibly be erroneous, but they fhall certainly be candid. Be seen in some high lofty tower, To unfold What worlds, or what vast regions hold Th' immortal mind, that hath forsook Her mansion in this fleshy nook. The rigid Dr. Johnfon was convinced that late hours were auxiliary to the feafter; and with what readiness they afcribe of reafon, and the flow of foul, that he momentous changes in politics or governufed to declare, no man, but a fcoun- ment to their own wifdom and importance. drel, went to bed before midnight.' This The truth of this affertion is particularly expreflion was, perhaps, too ftrong, and and ftrikingly exemplified in the triumph he would not have used it, had he lived in and fatisfaction which has been generally a farm houfe. But his love of the condiffufed throughout this country on the acverfation of men of letters, and his exquifition of Louifiana, in the vifionary perience that Fancy is generally moft fchemes to which this event has given wakeful, when Dullness fleeps, tempted birth; and in the unmerited reputation him to employ a phrafe which muft ftarwhich it has conferred on the present adtle every laborer, who, by mere laffitude ministration. of limbs, is compelled early to retire. Night being friendly to playful, no less to metaphyfical and abftraet thought, not only the author and statesman watch, but likewife the fons of fociability and glee. Thofe, who eat the bread of careful. nefs,' go foon to bed, to digest their meal, and leave the darkened hours to be employed by men of genius, or wafted by men of pleasure. St. Paul avers that they that be drunken, are drunken in the night, and I know that its broad mantle is fre. quently employed to cover excefs from the world. Still the arrival of night is greeted by many, who is neither to fleep, nor drink it away. Converfation often holds a levee at midnight, and Wit, Sentiment, and Song, like the Fairies, affemble and fport before the cock crow. I think it treafonable to this fable power, who holds divided empire with day, con. fantly to fhut our eyes at her approach. To long fleep I am decidedly a foe. As it is expreffed by a quaint writer, we fhall all have enough of that in the grave. Those, who cannot break the filence of night by vocal throat, or eloquent tongue, may be permitted to difturb it with a fnore. But he, among my readers, who poffeffes the power of fancy and ftrong thought, fhould be vigilant as a watchman. Let him fleep abundantly for health, but fparingly for floth. It is better, fometimes, to confult a page of philofophy than the pillow. AN ignorant, mercenary, and fervile crew; unanimous in evil; diligent in mifchiet, variable in principles, conflant to flattery, talkers for liberty, but flaves to power. Davenant. * It is obferved with great juftice by an eminent effayift, that "though free gov. ernments have been commonly the moft happy for thofe who partake of their freedom, yet are they the most ruinous and oppreffive to their provinces." In the Let us confider for a moment the prefent prefent inftance, however, it would profituation of Europe, and we fhall find in duce no effect to infift on this important the wild ambition of the Firft Conful, in truth; it would be neediefs to confider the the weakness of his marine establishment, confequences that will refult to the purand in his preffing demands for pecuniary chafed themfelves, the indignation they fupplies, more reasonable caules for the muft feel against their masters, the unwil ceffion of Louisiana, than in the fagacitylingness with which they muft pafs under and forefight of our own government. and forefight of our own government. fo galling a yoke, the repugnance they will Obferve with what rapidity the French conceive to manners fo totally different from their own, and the eagerness with poffeffions in the Weft-Indies were succesfively wrefted from them by the naval which they will again embrace thofe to force of Britain. The fame power could which they have been hitherto accustomed. with equal facility have gained poffeffion with equal facility have gained poffeffion Thefe confiderations are too trivial, when of New Orleans. Aware of this, the craf- put in competition with the grandeur of ty conful accepted, with eagernels, an of- this country and the popularity of its rufer which anfwered the triple purpose of lers. I proceed, then, to offer only one relieving his embarraffed fituation, of pro- or two reflections on the probable influcuring the friendship of America, and of ence of this purchase on the United States, preferving from the enemy an important It would require, certainly, but a flight attention to the relative fituations of this portion of his dominions. This was indeed a mafler froke, and in perfect con- country and the great rival nations of Eufiftence with the character of Bonaparte. fiftence with the character of Bonaparte. rope, to be convinced that the interests of Yet have we afcribed the whole merit of the former can be moft effectually mainthe transaction, if indeed it be meritorious, the transaction, if indeed it be meritorious, tained by declining any interference in the to the fapience of our worthy prefident. political tranfactions of the latter. To fhew the fallary of this opinion, we the purchase of Louisiana, our governneed only fuppofe the fituation of affairs to ment has opened the fcene of those future be reverfed, we need only imagine France misfortunes, which rife in diftant profpe& to be at peace with Great Britain, and in to the view of every impartial and reflectpoffeffion of Louifiana. Is it probable, ing man. poffeffion of Louisiana. Is it probable, ing man. However open, however juft, that in fuch circumftances, fhe would ex- however generous our conduct may be, it change the poffeffion of a country, impor.is impoffible that we can avoid a rupture tant in itself, and of ftill greater confe- with the haughty Ufurper, whom no earthquence from its fituation, for fifteen milquence from its fituation, for fifteen mil-ly confideration can deter from attempting lions of dollars? Can it be fuppofed that the recovery of a country, which only fhe would exchange an extenfive territory, the most particular fituation could have including one of the most valuable com- induced him to relinquifh. This confemercial towns in America, a territory quence is but little dreaded by the, citizens which would ferve as a check and a bal- of this country, but it is one which the afance to the British establishmen's in this piring and infidious character of the firft country, for fo trifling a confideration? You admit the abfurdity of the fuppofi * HUME, By conful, which his conduct towards all other nations in fimilar circumftances, and which the difcontent of the people under our government, and their undif guiled partiality to France, render more than probable. The enlargement of territory, fo captivating to fhort fighted politicians, who are either dazzled by the falfe fplendour of the event, or devoted at all hazards to the intereft of their party, is, in fact, a most material and a moft lamentable evil. Our country is already fufficiently, perhaps more than fufficiently, extenfive, and an increase of territory is a misfortune moft feriously to be dreaded, as it spreads our fcattered population over a ftill greater furface, as it divides the interefts of the community, as it loofens the common bonds of affection which fhould link the citizens together, as it weakens the power of the general government, and as it has a manifest and dire&t tendency to the difunion of the ftates. I am well aware of the immenfe importance of New-Orleans, that it had become neceffary for us to be its masters at alnost any price, and were our purchase confined to this fingle city, I fhould deem it infinitely more advanta geous to the United States than with the addition of fo vaft a territory.-All the advantages which we can poffibly expect to gain now, would, in that cafe be as easily obtained, all the dangers which threaten us at prefent from foreign encroachment would be leffened because we fhould have Jefs to defend, and thofe that will infallibly 1pring from domeftick diffention would ceafe to have existence. HARMODIUS. FROM THE SAME. WE republish the following article from the Boston Repertory merely that it muy ftand on record for future time; for as regarding the prefent, it will be useless. Sad experience lias evinced, that the firft officer in our government may pour forth the most bitter revilings on the facred inftitutions of religion, and fill enjoy the homage of the American people! With this fact before them, good men car. expect nothing favorable from the prefent; they can only hope, that the time may come when our chief ruler fhall obtain no merit for the groffnefs of his immoralities and the boldness of his blasphemies. For the benefit of our countrymen of that period, let the following fact be recorded. MR. JEFFERSON'S IMPIETY. We are forry that on a fubject of the most facred nature, we find our relation connected with particulars, in themselves ludicrous. This is not voluntary on our part-it arifes from the facts themselves; and if the Prefident at the fame time forgot his own dignity, and the respect which Chritians effeem due to their holy ordi nances, we cannot follow him to his degradation and fhun the embarraffing connection. We have already informed our readers that when the bakers at Washington depofited the enormous loaf in the capital, they bro't with it cafks of cider and wine. While the Prefident of the United States was in the midst of the motley crew who came to enjoy this feftival, he fneeringly compared the unhallowed bread and wine which were then the fubjects of his difgraceful entertainment, to the facred fymbols of our Redeemer's facrifice. Reader-we confefs this charge is fhocking-we tremble while penning it-but we have not ventured this ftatement without evidence. Editor's Closet. .. TRUTH IN EVIDENCE." It is amusing to see to what paltry evasions the democrats are compelled to resort, to conceal the real truth from the people. Reams of paper have been wasted, gallons of ink have been squandered, and millions of lies have been told, to make the world believe that our genuine republicans are friends to the freedom of the press; when, unfortunately for them, their whole conduct, every act of their lives, proves directly the contrary. Demo. crats condemned the sedition law For what rea. son? Because it punished falshood and protected truth. They advocate the common law. Why? Because it punishes truth more severely than fals, hood. And yet the hypocritical knaves pretend that they are the friends to the freedom of the press ! In this they appear full as consistent as the drunken magistrate, who swore by God he would allow of no profane language in his hearing. I have before ofered some remarks on the conduct of our state legislature, respecting the freedom of the press, &c. But I have not yet done with the subject. Although I find it is extremely grating to the ears of all genuine republicans—Although at the very mention of it, they scowl and look angry and say many cruel things-still they must and shall hear it-they shall see it, or desist from reading my paper. If they will wage war against truth, they shall have all the credit of it.-I have suffered too much by the prevalence of the democratic notions concerning the freedom of the press, to remain a silent spectator of passing events. To those who are not well acquainted with the nature and principles of democrats, it may appear strange, that a whole session of the legislature has been permitted to slip away, without any means having been taken to secure the liberty of the presɛ, although a bill was introduced for the purpose, by a federalist at an early day. I say this may appear extraordinary to those who do not know that the democrats have ever been the steady and determined enemies to the freedom of speech and of the press. But to those who have probed democrats to the heart to those who know them well-to those who have narrowly watched all their turnings and wind. ings-all their tricks and evasions-all their iies and hypocrisy-these things do not seem wonderful.Do you think, honest reader, that democrats will ever permit you to speak the truth of them? No, never! especially if they can snatch from the tomb of oblivion or rake from the ashes of antiquity, any old law or precedent which will seem to justify them in preventing it. Our Hudson democrats, who think they are in duty bound to approve of every thing their masters do, have been compelled to change their seatiments about the liberty of the press, as often as the wind shifts. Finally, just at the eve of the election, they resorted to their old expedient of lying, and roundly asserted that a law had passed allowing the truth to be given in evidence. With a mixture of anxiety and pleasure, we immediately searched the list of Acts passed by the legislature, and found no such bill recorded. We therefore took the earliest opportunity to contradict the falshood.-But democrats were not thus to be silenced. Adopting Duane's maxim, that a lie well stood to, is as good as truth,' they persisted in asserting that the law had passed. The law, they said, had passed both houses of the legislature-but-but-it had not become a law?It had passed-but then it had not passed—that is, it got through the legislature, but it was too late, and it never was returned from the council of revision, and, of course, it could not become a law un til next session, or next age, or next century, or the Lord knows when.-Now, reader, did you ever witness a more shallow artifice? Did you ever hear of so paltry a piece of knavery and hypocrisy ? And yet democrats can tell you this story, and think you are foolish enough to believe it. A long winter's session has slipped away, and your legislature has neglected to pass a law which is more essential to your liberties than all the laws they have passed besides: And their tools and hirelings tell you it was for want of time; or, what is the same thing, that the bill was passed too late to become a law. But this is not the worst of it. To make the story the more ridiculous—to make the lie the more palpable and wicked-they have the hardihood to pretend that federalists prevented the passing of the law. This lie is so gross, that it ought to make even democrats blush.-It is well known, there were but thirteen federalists in the assembly, a much less number in the senate, and but one in the council of revision. On examining the minutes, it will be found that the federalists through the whole, were the decided advocates of the law. But, enough for the present. The subject will be resumed hereafter. Agricultural. EXTRACT. FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DESCRIPT ESCRIPTION of the Com. panion of Gang Ploughs, invented by Mr. JOB SMITH, of N. York ftate, perhaps the greatest improvement on agriculture that ever yet has been exhibited in the United States now appears to the public view. The Companion Plough is calculated to turn two furrows at once, either to the right or left, and will require, in breaking up fward ground, two yoke of oxen, or equal ftrength of horfes. This plough will perform double the work, with the fame team and in the fame space of time, that any fingle plough yet invented can do: while it faves the labor of two men. The expence of the plough does but very little exceed the ordinary ploughs, and is about equal, or rather lefs in weight. It is cal culated to work a fingle furrow like ordinary ploughs, or double as the planter may choose and is fitter for all kinds of land. In cross ploughing or feeding, it requires only the ordinary ftrength of team, The Gang Plough is calculated for crofs ploughing and feeding only-and turns from two to fix furrows at the fame time. It will require three horfes or the strength of three, to work it with eafe; but it faves the ordinary labor of fix men, Mr. Smith has depofited the original plan of these ploughs at the office of the Department of State, and fecured the patent right. A complete plough on the construction above defcribed, will be seen in Georgetown at Mr. Barney's, in a few days. The gang plough is made on the fame conftruction as the companion-plough. The inventor believes the advantages the public will receive from this improvement will engage their patronage to the works. Avoid the eye that difcovers with rapidity the bad, and is flow to fee the good. CAST (CONTINUED) out all wild and extrava. mind; and though hid from men, are known to GOD, in whofe eyes they are abominable. Our Saviour warns us against thefe as a kind of fpiritual fornication, and inconsistant with that purity of heart which his gospel requires. 9. Take care how you too much in. dulge gloomy and melancholy thoughts. Some are difpofed to fee every thing in the worft light. A black cloud hangs hover. ing over their minds; which, when it falls in fhowers through their eyes, is difperf ed; and all within is ferene again. This is often purely mechanical; and owing ei. ther to fome fault in the bodily conftitu.. tion, or fome accidental diforder in the animal frame. However, one that confults the peace of his own mind will be up. on his guard against this, which fo often robs him of it, Some are as unrealonably exalted, as oth. ers are depreffed; and the fame person at different times often runs into both extremes; according to the different temper and flow of the animal fpirits. And thereinto the mind at fuch times, ought to be fore the thoughts, which fo cagerly crowd fufpected and well guarded; otherwife they will impofe upon our judgments and lead us to form fuch a notion of ourfelves gant thoughts, all vain and fantastical imaginations. Suffer not your thoughts to roam upon things that never were, and perhaps never will be; to give you a vi fionary pleafure in the profpcet of what you have not the leaft reafon to hope, or a needlefs pain in the apprehenfion of 10. On the other hand, let not the im what you have not the leaft reafon to fear.agination be too fprightly and triumphant. The truth is, next to a clear confcience and a found judgment, there is not a greater blefling than a regular and well gov erned imagination; to be able to view things as they are, in their true light and proper colours; and to diftinguifh the falfe images that are painted on the fancy, from the reprefentations of truth and reafon. For how common a thing is it for men, before they are aware, to confound reafon and fancy, truth and imagination together? To take the flafhes of the animal fpirits for the light of evidence? and think they believe things to be true or falfe, when they only fancy them to be fo? and fancy them to be fo, becaufe they would have them fo? Not confidering that mere fancy is only the ignis fatuus of the mind; which often appears brighteft, when the mind is moft covered with darknefs; and will be fure to lead them aftray, who fol. low it as their guide. Near akin to these are, 7. Romantick and chimerical thoughts. By which I mean that kind of wildfire, which the brifknefs of the animal fpirits fometimes fuddenly flafes on the mind, and excites images that are fo extremely ridiculous and abfurd, that one can scarce forbear wondering how they could get admittance. Thele random flights of the fancy are foon gone; and herein ditfer from that caftle building of the imagination before mentioned, which is a more fettled amufement, but these are too incoherent and fenfelefs to be of long continu-, ance; and are the maddest fallies, and the molt ramping reveries of the fancy that can be. I know not whether my reader underftands now what I mean; but if he attentively regards all that paffes through his mind, perhaps he may hereafter by experience 8. Repel all impure and lafcivious thoughts; which taint and pollute the and of things, as we fhall foon fee fit to alter, when the mind is in a more fettled and fedite frame. Before we let our thoughts judge of things, we muft fet reafon to judge our thoughts; for they are not always in a proper condition to execute that office. We do not believe the character which a man gives us of another, unless we have a good opinion of his own; fo neither fhould we believe the verdict which the mind pronounces, till we firft examine whether it be impartial and unbiaifed; whether it be in a proper temper to judge, and have proper lights to judge by. The want of this previous act of felf judgment, is the caufe of much felf deception and falle judgment. Of two such penitents it can't avail, Who the confessor was, or what their tale; To these high honors, this unhop'd for fame; Voltaire compared the English to a butt of their own strong beer, the froth at top, dregs at bottom, but the middle excellent. "Your nation, like your language, faid Voltaire, one day to an Englishman, is a frange mixture of a variety of others.When I behold one of your countrymen fond of the tricks and chicane of law, I fay, there is a Norman, who came over with William the Conqueror. When I fee another, affable and polite, he has the manners of a Platagenet; or a third, outrageous and brutal, that, fays !, is a Dane." Notwithstanding his enthufiafm in be. half of the English, he confeffed, there were among the many unfociable and melancholic characters. He one day faid to Lord Lyttleton, Capricious, proud, the self-same axe avails, Miscellany. FROM THE MONTHLY ANTHOLOGY. PROPOSAL OF A GENERAL NAME FOR THE U. STAtes. MR. PERSE, IN calling my eye over the new edi tion of Dr. Morfe's American Gazetteer, I obferve by his preface, that he has introduced the word Fredonia, as a general name by which to defignate our country. With a defign, he lays, merely to bring the fubject fairly before the public, he has given an example in the Appendix to his work, to how the convenience of fuch a name. The author appears to prefer this name to America or Columbia, only be cause it" runs more happily though all the variations, important in a generic name." This, I admit, is a weighty confideration in a national name; but an ad. ditional one of fome importance may be derived from the etymology of the word. In an ingenious publication on this fub ject, in the newfpapers fome time fince, afcribed to Dr. MITCHELL of New York in which it was propofed to call our coun try FREDON, or FREDONIA, the authe fays the word" may mean, a free-gift; any thing done freely, or the land of fre privileges and doings." But in looking A NATIONAL MAN. Improvements. FROM A CHARLESTON PAPER. into the Achaiological Gloffary of that | Let any one, who objects to this name for learned English law antiquary, Sir HENRY his country, fuggest a better. SPELMAN, I found the words Freda, Fredum, Fredus, the explanation of which were fo curious, and, at the fame time, fo confonant to the above fubject, and to our national denominations, that I have thought it proper to tranflate the paffage, and to fend it to you, with fome remarks, for publication in your ufeful periodical work. The three words, abovementioned, exprefs precifely the fame meaning in the feminine, neuter and mafculine genders. In ancient charters and laws, thefe words fignified the fine or mulct, or rather compofition money, or redemption money, which an offender paid either to the treafury, or to the magiftrate, for the purpofe of making up the breach, and obtaining his peace. The fine alfo, which was paid by a delinquent to the king, as a fatisfaction, or atonement for having violated his peace, was called his fredum. As the radical Saxon word fride fignifies. "peace," the fine paid in all thefe cafes, might be call. ed his peace offering. This fredum, mult, or peace-money, was demanded, as well in cafes of breach of the peace, without force, as with it. For every violation of the king's rule or law was faid to be a breach of his peace. Hence a fredum was exacted, both from a plaintiff, who brought a frivolous, or tortuous action, pro falfo clamore; and from a convict, becaufe of the wrong, which he had perpetrated. And this was his peace-offering, which procured his reconcilement with his fovereign. This word, my author obferves, was never current in England, and became obfolete on the continent after the age of the Emperor Frederic II. Now the application of these terms. of feudal law, as employed in the courts of the middle ages of Europe, to the United States, is obvious and natural. As an individual of old, who had incurred the difpleafure of his lord or fovereign, paid his fredum, and was restored to peace again; fo our nation in the late revolution, not indeed for any fault of theirs, having fallen under the frowns and hoflile operations of Great Britain, actually paid a large fredum of blood and treafure, and was afterwards by an honourable treaty in 1783, reftored to peace and independence. From rebels and traitors against their fovereign, (epithets as undeferved, as they are reproachful,) our valiant and heroic countrymen, with their fwords, and by their treafure, paid the price of peace, and were thus transformed into a nation of STEAM SAW MILL. A SUBSCRIBER near St. Mary's, requests us to ftate, that having heard a good deal of Longstreets and Griffin's STEAM SAW MILL, fince in this country, he was induced to examine it, and accordingly went to the town of St. Mary's for that purpose it was at work when he arrived, with much feeming regularity, performing about fifty-three or four vibrations. per minute, with each faw; and paffing through large pine logs, perhaps twenty inches diameter, at the rate of three quarters of an inch each vibration-and this without lofs of time. He was ftruck with erally, but particularly the Engine itself, the apparent fimplicity of machinery genas wood feemed to conflitute almoft the whole of it. Indeed there.did not appear to be five hundred pounds of iron about the whole Mill and Engine, (though there' might be more.) The boiler is entirely wood except the bottom which is copper, and fo adapted, as to afford an abundance of fteam for the purpofes required: and every other part equally plain and comprehenfible. The flabs from the logs form four-fifths of the fuel neceffary for the Mill. He alfo ftates, that thefe ingenious men have been engaged to build two other Engines, each of which they undertake to infure capable of fawing fix thoufand feet per day. FROM A NEW YORK PAPER. COTTON MANUFACTORY. We understand that Mr. Peter Eltonhead, lately from Philadelphia, is about erecting a cotton manufactory near Cannor fburg, upen the moft improved and extenfive plan-confifling of carding machines, mules which will draw from 100 to 144 threads of the fineft kind, water fpinning frames, &c. It is hoped that fo important a branch of manufactures, will meet with the fupport and encouragement of the citizens of this country, especially now, when cotton can be procured at fuch Fredes, or to peak more rhetorically, in-reduced prices. The machinery will be to a Lation of Fredonians, whole country, in complete operation, in the course of of courfe, fhould be called Fredonia. next fummer. |