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two furious passions of ambition and re-
venge: and, whatever they are capable of,
may now be expected from them.

In the last Number, p. 562, l. 6,
for take off read talk of..

LETTERS OF LORD MOIRA AND MR. WHIT-
BREAD, RELATIVE TO THE PRINCESS OF
WALES.

of France by war; and, of course, instead of calling out for peace, they would call out for the previous measure of Parliamentary Reform. A peace at this time, or at any time, leaving France in possession of Holland, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, and Naples; such a peace, it cannot be too often repeated, would not enable us to save a shilling, while it would reduce our means of paying taxes, and would enable Napoleon to make a marine force capable of giving no hesitation in saying, that, to the best of (Continued from page 576.) us serious annoyance in case of another war. my recollection, it contains the substance of But, if we, by arming the people of this king what I said in my place. Some verbal indom, could save, at once the expenses of the accuracies are quite immaterial.———I am army and of a large portion of the navy, then, bound to fulfil your Lordship's hope, by indeed, a peace would be worth having; making your Letter to me public. In enwe should then be in safety, and the coun- deavouring to obtain the explanation of try, relieved from a large portion of its passages so generally misunderstood, I knew enormous burdens, would be comparatively not how to proceed effectually, but by mohappy. This, I repeat it, is to be accom- tion in the House of Commons; and the plished only by making voting and arms- motion having been calculated to obtain bearing go hand in hand; and, therefore, your Lordship's attendance in the House of I say, give us a Parliamentary Reform, as Commons, if successful, your Lordship being the only sure road to a safe and lasting would have had the opportunity of giving peace. -As to the wars of Russia and the explanations, in the very place where Prussia; as to the proclamations of those they were asked for; and I never had any sovereigns and their generals; as to the doubt of their honourable and satisfactory vows and acclamations of the people whom nature. But the discussions in the House they address; what do all these amount to? of Commons having now been dropped (as They are of very little consequence to us. I sincerely hope never again to be revivEven the complete success of these our new ed), I will send your Letter, and my anfriends would do nothing for the people of swer, directly to the Public Journals.England, whatever it might do for the peo- It will give me pleasure to acknowledge, ple of their own countries. For my part, by the same means, much personal civility I can see nothing that the people of the received at various times from your LordPrussian States are likely to gain by the ship; and particularly in the manner in change. They will change masters. They which I was requested, and the urbanity will fall back into the hands that they were with which I was received, to peruse the formerly in. Their condition will not be documents to which your Lordship has remended. The successes of Russia may ferred in the early part of the present year. open a channel for our commerce; but, I In the discussions which afterwards arose, take it, that will be all. The power of I did not use the knowledge I had so acFrance will continue nearly the same with quired of any one of them, until after it regard to England. At the very best, all had appeared in print. I regret, that I expect from those successes is a initigation in the course of these discussions I have giof the Continental System. So far, how-ven momentary pain to their Lordships, ever, am I from believing in the continua- or cause of dissatisfaction to any persons, tion of those successes, that I believe most of whose friendship and esteem I was pleasfirmly they will speedily come to an end. ed in thinking I possessed a share. The The French armies are upon the point of loss, if lost, is entirely my own-it is painonce more moving forward; and it will not ful to me. be easy to make me doubt of their defeating of my pursuit-that pursuit has been conBut justice has been the object those whom they have so often driven be- scientiously conducted by me, and must fore them. I am aware of the effect of the therefore, of necessity, have been free turning of the tide of victory; but, this is from all selfish considerations.--Withnot the first time that the French armies the addition of these explanations from your have had to stem such a tide. Reverses in Lordship, so honourable to the Princess of war have never yet subdued their spirit: Wales, and so just to yourself, the public the whole nation partakes in the feelings of will be satisfied, that justice has been comits chief they are now goaded on by the pletely obtained. I have the honour to be,

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my dear Lord, your Lordship's obliged | attempting to take her to the United States, and obedient servant,

SAMUEL WHITBREAD.

To the Right Honourable the Earl of Moira, K. G. &c. &c.

AMERICAN STATES.

and not considering it prudent to trust her into a port of Brazil, particularly St. Salvador, as you will perceive by the enclosed letters 1, 2, and 3, I had no alternative but burning her, which I did on the 31st ult. after receiving all the prisoners and their baggage, which was very tedious work, only having one boat left (out of eight),

Commodore Bainbridge to the Secretary of and not one boat left on board the Java.

the Navy.

St. Salvador, Jan. 3. Sir, I have the honour to inform you, that on the 29th ult. at two p. m. in South lat. 13. 06. and West long. 38. about ten leagues distance from the coast of Brazil, I fell in with and captured His Britannic Majesty's frigate Java, of 49 guns, and upwards of 400 men, commanded by Capt. Lambert, a very distinguished officer. The action lasted one hour and 55 minutes, in which time the enemy was completely dismasted, not having a spar of any kind standing. The loss on board the Constitution was nine killed and 25 wounded.

On blowing up the frigate, I proceed. ed to this place, where I have landed all the prisoners to return to England, and there remain until regularly exchanged, and not serve in their professional capacities in any place or in any manner whatever against the United States of America, until the exchange shall be regularly effected. I have the honour to be, &c.

W. BAINBRIDGE.

House of Representatives, Wednesday,
Feb. 24.

The following message was received from

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States.

The enemy had 60 killed and 101 wounded the President of the United States, which, certainly (among the latter Capt. Lambert after being read, was referred to the Commortally); but by the enclosed letter writ-mittee of Foreign Relations:ten on board the ship (by one of the officers of the Java), and accidentally found, it is evident that the enemy's wounded must have been much greater than as above stated, and who must have died of their wounds previously to their being removed. The letter states 60 killed and 170 wounded.For further details of the action, I beg to refer to the extracts from my journal. The Java had, in addition to her own crew, upwards of 100 supernumerary officers and seamen, to join the British ships of war in the East Indies; also Lieut.-General Hislop, appointed to the command of Bombay, Major Wilke, and Captain Wood, of his Staff, and Captain Marshall, Master and Commander of the British navy, going to the East Indies to take the command of a sloop of war there.- -Should I attempt to do justice, by representation, to the brave and good conduct of all my officers and crew during the action, I should fail in the attempt; therefore, suffice it to say, that the whole of their conduct was such as to merit my highest encomiums. I beg leave to recommend the officers particularly to the notice of Government, as also the unfortunate seamen who were wounded, and the families of those brave men who fell in the action.The great distance from our own coast, and the perfect wreck we made the enemy's frigate, forbade every idea of

I lay before Congress copies of a Proclamation of the British Lieutenant Governor of the island of Bermuda, which has appeared under circumstances leaving no doubt of its authenticity. It recites a British Order in Council of the 26th of October last, providing for the supply of the British West Indies, and other colonial possessions, by a trade under special licenses, and is accompanied by circular instructions to the Colonial Governors, which confines licensed importations from the ports of the United States to the ports of the Eastern States exclusively. The Government of Great Britain had already introduced into her commerce during a war, a system which at once violated the rights of other nations, and, resting on a mass of forgery and perjury unknown to other times, was making an unfortunate progress in undermining those principles of morality and religion which are the best foundation of national happiness.The policy now proclaimed to the world introduces into her mode of warfare a system equally distinguished by the deformity of its features and the depravity of its character; having for its object to dissolve the ties of allegiance, and the sentiments of loyalty in the adversary nation, and to seduce

enemy.

February 24, 1813.

JAMES MADISON.

and separate its component parts the one and thus dispose it to measures of justice from the other.The general tendency and equity, which he almost always deof these demoralizing and disorganizing manded in vain.When the North of contrivances will be reprobated by the civi- Europe saw itself menaced with a new fatal lized and Christian world; and the insult- war, the King, after doing every thing that ing attempt on the virtue, the honour, the depended upon him to avert the storm, patriotism, and the fidelity of our brethren took the part which the intermediate posi of the Eastern States, will not fail to call tion of his States that admitted not of neuforth all their indignation and resentment, trality, and a certain perspective of the deand to attach more and more all the States structive measures that awaited them on to that happy union and constitution against the part of France, if he refused what was which such insidious and malignant artifices demanded of him, imperiously prescribed. are directed.The better to guard, ne- He resigned himself to the sovereign envertheless, against the effect of individual gagements, out of all proportion to the cupidity and treachery, and to turn the cor- ability of the country, to which he found rupt projects of the enemy against herself, himself obliged to acquiesce by the treaty I recommend to the consideration of Con- of alliance of the 24th February, and the gress the expediency of an effectual prohi- conventions which accompanied it, in the bition of any trade whatever, by citizens or hope of having obtained for Prussia solid. inhabitants of the United States, under support, and in case of necessity; efficaspecial licenses, whether relating to per- cious succour, of which, after so many re-. sons or ports, and, in aid thereof, a prohi- verses, she daily felt the greater necessity; bition of all exportation from the United and that the French Government, answerStates in foreign bottoms, few of which are ing the fidelity with which the King puractually employed, whilst multiplied coun- posed to fulfil his obligations, would, on terfeits of their flags and papers are cover- its side, fulfil with the same exactness the ing and encouraging the navigation of the obligation it had contracted with him. Unhappy experience proved to him but tou soon, that such were not the intentions of that Government. Whilst the King furnished the number of troops agreed upon, to form the stipulated auxiliary corps: whilst that these troops shed their blood in the cause of France, with a bravery to which the Emperor himself has not refused to do justice; whilst that in the interior of the country they bore up, by extraordinary efforts, against furnishing the enormous supplies, and loans of all kinds, which the wants of the troops, who did not cease to inundate it, required. France fulfilled not, in any manner, the obligations contracted, the exact accomplishment of which could alone prevent the entire ruin of the country and its inhabitants.It was sti pulated that the garrison of Glogau should be provisioned at the expense of France, reckoning from the date of the treaty, and those of Gustrin and Stettin, after the entire payment of the contributions; the lat ter was paid, and even more, in the month of May, in last year, by the deliveries which had been made-nevertheless Prussia remained charged with provisioning these three garrisons, without any representations being able to effect what justice and the letter of the treaty, demanded. We had flattered ourselves, at least, according to the recent promise of His Ma jesty the Emperor, the country round those

PRUSSIA AND FRANCE.

Note of the Prussian Government annexed to the Report of the French Minister for Foreign Affairs.

The undersigned Chancellor of State has just received an order from the King to lay before his Excellency Count de Marsau, Minister Plenipotentiary from His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, &c. &c. the following:-The King, in all his political conduct since the peace of Tilsit, had principally in view to give and ensure to his people a state of tranquillity which might gradually enable them to recover from the numberless misfortunes and losses which they had just suffered, For this purpose he fulfilled with exactness, as far as his means permitted him, the engagements which he had been forced to by that peace. He has supported with resignation the arbitrary exactions, the spoliation of every description of which the provinces did not cease to be the object; the enormous charges with which they were loaded. He neglected nothing in order to establish between him and the French Government a sincere confidence,

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places, as the Prussian territory, would ject. Besides, General de Krusemarck is henceforth have been sheltered from all charged to deliver a note to the Minister, forced requisitions, but at the very mo- which will enlarge more upon so many obment when we delivered ourselves up to jects, which clearly proves, that the French this hope, the Commandants received a Government, in holding in no consideration formal order, to take for ten leagues round the principal stipulations of the treaty of the fortresses, every thing of which they alliance in favour of Prussia, which, ne believed they stood in want, which was vertheless, formed so many essential conexecuted with all the violence which was ditions of it, and without which the latter foreseen. It was agreed, that sums ad- would have, whatever might have been the vanced by Prussia for supplies of all kinds, consequence, subscribed to the conditions should be settled every three months, and imposed on her, has itself freed her from the balance paid down at the end of the those reciprocal obligations contained in it. campaign. But she could not obtain that No person is ignorant of the situation in even these accounts should be examined, which Prussia now finds herself, in conand when the balance amounted to very sequence of these circumstances, and genelarge sums, of which she was every mo- rally of the events of the Autumn and Winment to furnish the proofs, when at the end ter, abandoned to herself, without hope of of the year it was 94,000,000 of francs, the efficacious support on the part of a power, most lively representations were not able to whom she was bound, and from whom to procure payment of a single account, al- she did not even obtain the objects of the though the King had, for the moment, con- most strict justice, which she only wished fined his demand to a sum less than half the latter to grant her; seeing two-thirds the urgent, absolute, and indispensable ne- of her provinces exhausted, and their incessity for which had been demonstrated by habitants reduced to despair, what remains the most powerful evidence. The clause for her, except taking council of herself, of the treaty of alliance which ensured the raising and supporting herself? It is in neutrality of a part of Silesia, could not, the love and courage of his people, and in under the circumstances which since oc- the generous interest of a great power, curred, take effect, unless Russia, on her which compassionates his situation, that part, acquiesced in it, and this acqui- the King has determined to seek the means escence, supposed of necessity, that they of getting out of it, and of restoring to his should treat about this object. Neverthe- Monarchy the independence which can less the Emperor caused it to be declared, alone ensure its future prosperity. that he would not consent that the King Majesty has just taken the measures which should send any one to the Emperor Alex- so grave circumstances exact to join himander for this purpose, and in thus ren- self by a strict alliance with His Majesty dering the stipulation entirely illusory, in the Emperor of all the Russias. He is point of fact, withdrew from, annulled it. persuaded that France, as well as all EuFresh attempts were made against the rope, will appreciate the powerful motives King's incontestable rights, by the arbitra-which have decided his measures.. ry dispositions indulged in, with respect to the corps of Prussian troops in Pomerania, under General Balow, by calling it to join the Duke of Belluno's division, and in placing it previously to having obtained His Majesty's consent, under the orders of that Marshal, as well as by the prohibition of all recruiting whatever in the Prussian states, occupied by the French troops, which was published by order of the Viceroy of Italy, without informing His Majesty of it. Never, undoubtedly, was the sovereignty of a friendly Prince, attacked in a more terrible manner.- -It is unne cessary to recapitulate the melancholy details which have lately appeared, they are perfectly known to your Excellency and the Duke of Bassano, by the numerous remonstrances of which they have been the sub

His

These measures tend in their final result but to a peace, founded upon bases equitable and calculated to augment its solidity. It has always been, and will constantly remain, the most ardent of the King's wishes, and if Providence blesses his efforts, His Majesty will find himself at the height of happiness in being able to contribute în rendering benefit to humanity. The undersigned has the honour to renew to his Excellency Couut de St. Marsau, the assurances of his high consideration.

(Signed) HARDENBURG. Breslaw, 16th March.

COPY OF A LETTER FROM M. Dɛ Kruse

MARCK.

Paris, March 27, 1813. MONSIEUR LE Duc,-I have just receiv

The

ed an order from my Sovereign to lay be- | contribution: she was preparing to pay the fore you the following:-The propositions remainder, when clouds arose between which I have anteriorly had the honour of Russia and France, and when the immense submitting to you were of a nature to merit preparations of those two powers did not a reply equally prompt as decisive. The any longer permit her to doubt of the war progress of the Russian arms in the centre about to be kindled in the North. of the monarchy, does not permit Prussia King, faithful to his principle of saving, at any longer to prolong that state of uncer- any price, the national existence, judging tainty in which she is. On one side the of the future by the past, felt that he had Emperor of Russia, united to the King by every thing to fear from France. He sacribonds of personal friendship, offers Prus- ficed his affections, and concluded with her sia, in this decisive moment, the support a treaty of alliance. At the epoch of the of his power, and the advantages of his conclusion of the treaty, before the news friendship; on the other, his Majesty the could have reached Berlin, the French Emperor of the French persists in repuls- troops entered Pomerania and the Marche ing an Ally who has sacrificed himself in Elcetroale. The King with grief saw that his cause, and disdains even to explain no attention was paid to his frank and loyal himself upon the motives of his silence. intentions. They would obtain by force For a length of time France has violated, what it appeared impossible to obtain by in every point, the treaties which connect- negotiations. Agents of Prussia, frightened her with Prussia. Not contented with ed by the menacing attitude of France, had having dictated at Tilsit a peace, equally signed at Paris separate conventions, which hard and humiliating, she has not even per- contained conditions extremely burdensome, mitted her to enjoy the trifling advantages relative to the provisioning and wants of the which that treaty seemed to allow her. She Grand Army. The French Government, has made use of odious pretexts to shake to instructed respecting the mediocrity of our their foundations the fortune of the State, resources, foresaw a refusal,-prepared to and those of individuals. Since that epoch, gain the King's consent by the appearance Prussia has been treated as a conquered of force, and deceived itself. His Majesty country, and oppressed by a yoke of iron. ratified these conventions, although he felt The French armies remained in it contrary the difficulty of fulfilling them; he reckonto the terms of the treaty, and lived at dis- ed upon the devotion of Prussians, and he cretion in it during eighteen months; exor- hoped that by defining the extent of our sabitant and arbitrary contributions were im- crifices, he would preserve his people from posed upon her; her commerce was ruined arbitrary requisitions, and their fatal conby obliging her to adopt the continental sequences. Experience did not justify this system; French garrisons were placed in hope. Whilst Prussia exhausted all her the three fortresses of the Oder; the coun- means to pour into the magazines the stipu try was obliged to defray the expense of lated products, the French armies. lived at their appointments; in short, by the treaty the expense of individuals. At the same of Bayonne, the property of widows and time were exacted the fulfilment of the orphans was disposed of, in manifest con- treaty, and the daily consumption of the tradiction to the stipulations of the treaty troops. The sacred property of the inhaof peace; every thing announced that no bitants was taken away by main force, sort of regard would be kept with an un- without rendering the least account of it, fortunate and oppressed state. In this state and Prussia lost by these acts of violence of things, peace became an illusory benefit. above 70,000 horses, and 20,000 carriages. The King groaned under the enormous weight which oppressed his subjects. He flattered himself with vanquishing, by the force of condescension and sacrifices, an animosity the effects of which he knew, but of whose principle he was ignorant. He gave himself up to the hope of sparing his people greater misfortunes, in fulfilling scrupulously his engagements towards France, and in carefully avoiding every thing which could give her offence. By extraordinary and unheard-of efforts, Prussia succeeded in paying two-thirds of the

-Notwithstanding all these shackles, the King, faithful to his system, fulfilled with religious faith all the engagements he had made. The supplies were successfully realized, the stipulated contingent advanced; nothing was omitted to prove the loyalty of our conduct. France only replied to this devotion by pretensions always new, and believed herself able to dispense, on her side, with fulfilling the stipulations of the treaty which fell to her charge. She constantly refused to examine the accounts for supplies furnished, although she had en

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