458

TRANQUILLITY-TRASH.

tranquillity, iv. 225: see note 34, iv. 293.

translate, to transform, to change: translate thy life into death, iii. 67; translate his malice towards you into love, vi. 177; the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness, vii. 150; The rest I'll give to be to you translated, ii. 270; bless thee! thou art translated, ii. 289; sweet Pyramus translated, ii. 292; to present slaves and servants Translates his rivals, vi. 509.

transport, to remove from this world to the next: to transport him in the mind he is Were damnable, i. 501; Out of doubt he is transported, ii. 310.

trash, a worthless person: this poor trash of Venice, vii. 403 (but see note 36, vii. 478); I do suspect this trash (=strumpet), vii. 457. (With the second of the above passages compare

Heywood's Fair Maid of the West, First Part, p. 35, ed. 1631.)

trash, to check the pace of a too forward hound by means of a trash; which—whether a strap, a rope dragging loose on the ground, or a weight-was fastened to his neck: Trash Merriman, iii. 106 (see note 3, iii. 181); this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his quick hunting, vii. 403.

trash for over-topping-Who t' advance, and who To, i. 179: "To trash, as Dr. Warburton observes, is to cut away the superfluities. This word I have met with in books containing directions for gardeners, published in the time of Queen Elizabeth [?]. The present explanation may be countenanced by the following passage in Warner's Albion's England, 1602, b. x. ch. 57;

'Who suffreth none by might, by wealth or blood to overtopp,

Himself gives all preferment, and whom listeth him doth lop.'
Again, in our author's King Richard II. [act iii. sc. 4] ;

Go thou, and, like an executioner,

Cut off the heads of too-fast-growing sprays,

That look too lofty in our commonwealth." "

(STEEVENS):

It may be added, that in Davenant and Dryden's alteration of
The Tempest, the passage now in question runs thus,

"whom to advance,

Or lop for over-topping :"

“To trash . . . . In [the present passage of] The Tempest, from being joined with overtopping, it has been supposed to allude to lopping of trees; but if we examine the context, no such violent measure seems there suggested. Prospero says that his brother, having the care of government deputed to him, became

TRAVEL-TRAVERSE.

459

It stands, therefore, opposed only to advance, and seems to mean no more than that those who were too forward, he kept back,-did not advance. To cut them off would have been a measure to create alarm. . . . . I conceive, therefore, that it is a hunting term, for checking or stopping the dogs, when too forward [see the preceding article]," &c. Nares's Gloss.: “Trash, to shred or lop. . . . . Overrun, overshoot, overslip, are terms in hunting; overtop never. .... Trash occurs as a verb in the sense above given, act i. sc. 2 of The Tempest; 'Who t' advance, and who to trash for overtopping.' I have never met with the verb in that sense elsewhere, but overtop is evermore the appropriate term in arboriculture. To quote examples of that is needless. Of it metaphorically applied, just as in Shakspeare, take the following example; Of those three estates, which swayeth most, that in a manner doth overtop the rest, and like a foregrown member depriveth the other of their proportion of growth.' Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 177, Lib. Ang.Cath. Theol. Have we not the substantive trash in the sense of shreddings, at p. 542, book iii. of a Discourse of Forest Trees, by John Evelyn? The extract that contains the word is this; 'Faggots to be every stick of three feet in length, excepting only one stick of one foot long, to harden and wedge the binding of it; this to prevent the abuse, too much practised, of filling the middle part and ends with trash and short sticks, which had been omitted in the former statute.' .. Trash no one denies to be a kennel term for hampering a dog, but it does not presently follow that the word bore no other signification; indeed there is no more fruitful mother of confusion than homonomy" (ARROWSMITH, Notes and Queries, First Series, vol. vii. p. 566): "In my [preceding] note on the word trash, I said (somewhat too peremptorily), that overtop was not even a hunting term. At the moment I had forgotten the following passage; 'Therefore I would perswade all lovers of hunting to get two or three couple of tryed hounds, and once or twice a week to follow after them a trainscent; and when he is able to top them on all sorts of earth, and to endure heats and colds stoutly, then he may the better relie on his speed and toughness.' The Hunting-horse, chap. vii. p. 71, Oxford, 1685" (ARROWSMITH, Notes and Queries, First Series, vol. viii. p. 121).

travel? How chances it they, vii. 140: Here travel is equivalent to the modern term "stroll."

traverse, athwart the heart of his lover, &c.—Breaks them bravely, quite: see break cross, &c.

traverse, (a term in fencing) to use a posture of opposition, or to oppose a movement: to see thee traverse, i. 373.

traverse, (a military term) to march ("Traverse' (says Bullokar),

'to march up and down, or to move the feet with proportion, as

460

TRAVERS'D-TRIBULATION.

in dancing,'" MALONE): Hold, Wart, traverse; thus, thus, thus, iv. 361; Traverse, go, vii. 393.

travers'd arms, crossed arms, vi. 573.

แ

tray-trip, a game at cards, played with dice as well as with

cards, the success in which chiefly depended upon the throwing of treys" (HALLIWELL), iii. 359.

treachers, traitors, vii. 261.

treasury, treasure: a mass of public treasury, v. 122; sumless treasuries, iv. 429.

treaties, entreaties, supplications, vii. 554.

Trebles thee o'er-I am more serious than my custom: you Must be so too, if heed me; which to do, i. 199: "This passage is represented to me as an obscure one. The meaning of it seems to be 'You must put on more than your usual seriousness, if you are disposed to pay a proper attention to my proposal; which attention if you bestow, it will in the end make you thrice what you are.' Sebastian is already brother to the throne; but, being made a king by Antonio's contrivance, would be (according to our author's idea of greatness) thrice the man he was before. In this sense he would be trebled o'er" (STEEVENS).

trench, to cut, to carve: trenched, i. 301; vii. 39; viii. 274; trenching, iv. 207.

trenchant, cutting, sharp, vi. 553.

trencher-knight, one who holds a trencher, a parasite, ii. 224. Tribulation of Tower-hill, or the Limbs of Limehouse, their dear brothers, are able to endure-These are the youths that thunder at a playhouse, and fight for bitten apples; that no audience, but the, v. 569: The allusion is, I believe, to certain puritanical congregations : one of the characters in Jonson's Alchemist is named "TribulationWholesome, a pastor of Amsterdam ;" and Mr. Grant White notices that "within the memory of men now living 'Tribulation' was a common name among New-England families of Puritan descent:" Steevens observes; "I can easily conceive that the turbulence of the most clamorous theatre has been exceeded by the bellowings of puritanism against surplices and farthingales. . . . . The phrase dear brothers is very plainly used to point out some fraternity of canters allied to the Tribulation both in pursuits and manners, by tempestuous zeal and consummate ignorance :" When Mr. Staunton asked, "Can any thing be more evident than that by the 'Tribulation of Tower-hill' and the 'Limbs of Limehouse' are meant the turbulent and mischievous 'long-shore rabble, the only congenial audience at a play-house for their 'dear brothers,'' the Hope of the Strand' ?"—he failed to perceive that the "dear brothers" mean the so-called brothers of " the Tribulation of Tower

hill," and assuredly not those of "the youths that thunder at a play-house." (Here Steevens cites from Skelton's Magnyfycence,

"Some fall to foly them selfe for to spyll,

And some fall prechynge on [at the] Toure Hyll.”

Works, vol. i. p. 295, ed. Dyce; and evidently supposes that " some fall prechynge at the Toure Hyll" means some set up for preachers on Tower-hill," while it really means some finish their course by being executed on Tower-hill, where, in their last moments, they make an exhortation to the reprobate.")

66

tribunal plebs, vi. 334: Perhaps the Clown means, as Hanmer conjectures, tribunus plebis. trick, a peculiarity: every line and trick of his sweet favour, iii. 209; The trick of's frown, iii. 446; a trick of Coeur-de-lion's face, iv. 7 ; a villanous trick of thine eye, iv. 242; The trick of that voice, vii. 325. (This is properly an heraldic term, meaning a delineation of arms, in which the colours are distinguished by their technical marks, without any colour being laid on: see my Memoir of Shakespeare, p. 21, note 27.)

trick, a course, a manner, a habit: I spoke it but according to the trick, i. 520; It is our trick, vii. 192.

trick, "knack, faculty" (CALDECOTT): an we had the trick to see't,

vii. 194.

trick, a toy, a puppet: a pinch'd thing; yea, a very trick For them to play at will, iii. 436: compare pinch'd thing—A.

trick up with new-tuned oaths, deck out, adorn with, &c. iv. 461: properly an heraldic term; see first trick.

trick'd With blood of fathers, &c.—Horridly, vii. 143: Here trick'd is equivalent to "painted, smeared :" properly an heraldic term; see first trick.

tricking, decoration, dresses, i. 403: see first trick.

tricksy, clever, adroit, dextrous: My tricksy spirit! i. 233. tricksy, quaint, affected: a tricksy word, ii. 394.

trifle, a phantom: some enchanted trifle, i. 229.

trifle, to make trifling, of no importance: Hath trifled former knowings, vii. 29.

Trigon-The fiery, iv. 348: "Trigonum igneum is the astronomical [astrological] term when the [three] upper planets meet in a fiery sign" (STEEVENS): Trigon, triangle: "When the three superior planets met in Aries, Leo, or Sagittarius, they formed a fiery trigon." Nares's Gloss.

trill'd, trickled, vii. 318.

trip and go, ii. 196: Mr. Chappell remarks that this—the name of

a favourite morris-dance-" seems to have become a proverbial

462

TRIPLE-TROLL-MY-DAMES.

expression. In Gosson's Schoole of Abuse, 1579, Trip and go, for I dare not tarry.' In The two angrie Women of Abington, 1599, 'Nay, then, trip and go.' In Ben Jonson's Case is altered, 'O delicate trip and go,'" &c. Popular Music of the Olden Time, &c. vol. i. p. 131, sec. ed.

triple, third, one of three: a triple eye, iii. 225; The triple pillar of the world, vii. 497.

triple Hecate's team—The, ii. 322: An allusion to her triple character,-Luna in heaven, Diana on earth, and Hecate in the nether world. triple-turn'd whore! vii. 574: "Cleopatra was first the mistress of Julius Cæsar, then of Cneius Pompey, and afterwards of Antony" (MALONE): "She first belonged to Julius Cæsar, then to Antony, and now, as he supposes, to Augustus. It is not likely that in recollecting her turnings, Antony should not have that in contemplation which gave him most offence" (MASON).

tristful, sad, sorrowful, iv. 242; vii. 168.

triumph, a general term for public exhibitions of various kinds : with pomp, with triumph, ii. 265; the triumph-day, iv. 170; a perpetual triumph, iv. 259; at a triumph, v. 80; this day of triumph, v. 404; Are the knights ready to begin the triumph? viii. 24; an honour'd triumph, viii. 26; With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity, i. 324; those justs and triumphs, iv. 170; those triumphs held at Oxford, iv. 173; With stately triumphs, v. 320; In honour of whose birth these triumphs are, viii. 25; honouring of Neptune's triumphs, viii. 63.

triumph-False-play'd my glory Unto an enemy's, vii. 576: “Shakespeare, I think, only intended to say, that Cleopatra, by collusion, played the great game they were engaged in falsely, so as to sacrifice Antony's fame to that of his enemy. The playing false to the adversary's trump card (as Dr. Warburton explains the words) conveys no distinct idea" (MALONE).

triumviry, a triumvirate, ii. 198.

Trojan, a cant term, used in various meanings, sometimes as a term of reproach, sometimes of commendation: Hector was but a Trojan in respect of this, ii. 229; unless you play the honest Trojan, ii. 230; Base Trojan, iv. 497 (twice); there are other Trojans, iv. 225. troll, to sing with volubility, i. 213.

troll-my-dames, iii. 465: The game of Troll-madam was bor

rowed from the French (Trou-madame): an old English name for it was Pigeon-holes, “as the arches in the machine through which the balls are rolled resemble the cavities made for pigeons in a dove-house" (STEEVENS): "Trou Madame. The Game called Trunkes, or the Hole." Cotgrave's Fr. and Engl. Dict.