place. Tickets taken there bear the impress Bettisfield= London, the contrast of the names excited a smile from a great statesman to whom I showed it. But all But all ways led to Rome, and so do ours; as once by the Watling Street, so now by the rail, whithersoever we may be going; and one of the longest fibres of the world's commerce has surely reached us here, for the fine hard Californian wheat is sold at the station without causing alarm or regret to our farmers.

I remember when a bitter counsel, wishing to annihilate an antagonist before a House of Commons committee, barbed his arrow by saying that the gentleman in question had as much regard for the public interest as a Californian savage. Now the trees and flowers of that beautiful region ornament our gardens, and one of the Wellington pines, with its dark-green stately branches, is growing opposite my windows in the garden of old Sir Thomas the Cavalier. This house, as he rebuilt or repaired it after the Civil War, had the date of 1658 over the door. My grandfather made some additions, which were not very congruous with the rest, but were only part of a house he intended to complete, and did not. I have no money to spend on architecture, nor indeed any taste or learning of that kind; but it appears to me that every dwelling of a gentleman ought to have an idea about it, and I governed such works as I have done here from time to time by a verse of Victor Hugo, where, writing to a friend, he speaks of his château as tour vieille et maison neuve; therefore I built a large red tower to stand for the tour vieille, and connected it with all the ancient parts of the house; and I left my grandfather's building to stand for the maison neuve, and the general arrangement seems not unsuccessful. I am happy in the belief expressed by Ben Jonson about Penshurst "there's none of

those about it wish it down." Some trees and seedlings about the place have been grown from cones and berries that I have brought from a distance or have been given me from thence by friends; the curly-leaved willows came from Simla; the maritime pines are from seeds that ripened by Mediterranean waves. We long had cypresses from Mount Sinai, but they died in one of the late cold winters. The other cypresses I brought from the Albani Villa at Rome; some mountainashes are from the Tamar; some oaks from acorns gathered near the Severn from a tree which is reputed to be descended from Augustine's. The other St. Augustine, of Hippo, says in one of his sermons (I am indebted to a book by Archbishop Trench for the quotation), Vis possidere terram; vide ne possidearis a terrâ; with which wise words of the African Bishop I dutifully devote these notes to memories and to landmarks.

Written occasionally at Bettisfield, 1871-74.

FF

H.

NOTES.

Caerliky, Preface, p. vii.

IKY, or Leiki, which is frequently given in Reynold's Pedigrees, and occurs also in Sir John Wynn's book as the name of a woman, appears to be a Saxon corruption of the Welsh Leucu, or Lucy.

Places called Tebæ, p. 7.

"The names of Turkish forts often contain the word tepe, which means a hill or mound."-Pall Mall Gazette on the war in Bulgaria.

Pedigree of my own family, p. 14.

This book being altogether framed upon the representative lines of descent of the families of Hanmer and The Fens, tables of pedigrees have been omitted as unnecessary, and only adding to its bulk: the size of a volume has much to do with its conditions of being readable. Moreover, the main purpose of the book is to be a local history.

Owen Glyndwr, p. 23.

Translation of a Latin Letter of Owen Glyndwr, A.D. 1401, to Henry Done, Esq., of Utkinton, in Cheshire, printed in the History of Shrewsbury.

66

'Greeting and Love. We tell you that we hope by the help of God and you to be able to deliver the children of Wales out of the captivity of our English foes, who have for long oppressed us and our ancestors.

"And ye may know of your own mind that their time draws to a close, and the victory turneth towards us, according to the ordinance of God; no one needs to doubt that there will be a good end, unless it be lost by sloth and disagreement. And because all Wales is in doubt and danger as to

the subjection which is menaced by the power of your enemies, accordingly, we command, and require and entreat that you will be ready to come with all the force you can to us, to the place where you hear we are burning and oppressing our enemies and journeying, and this shall shortly be, by God's help. And do not omit this, as you would have your freedom and honour in future.

"And do not wonder that you had no warning of the first rising, seeing that out of much fear and danger it was necessary we should rise without giving warning.

"Farewell, and God defend you from evil.

"By OwEYN AP GRUFFUTH, Lord of Glyndwrdwy.

"To our most dear and most entirely beloved Henry Done."

The Dones were a race of warlike gentlemen on the Cheshire border of Wales. The name is still to be found, but fallen out of its original position.

P. 114, for "King Henry VII.," read "King Henry VIII."

Holy Wells, p. 141.

"Oh, ye wells, bless ye the Lord: praise him and magnify him for ever."-Canticle Benedicite.

Cenotaph of Chief Justice Lord Kenyon, p. 142.

ἀντὶ δ' εκέινου

οὔνομα και κενεὸν σῆμα παρερχομεθα.

Anth. Grec.

Whether be bas joined him, who expiates far off" Bolsena's eels and cups of muscadel," p. 143.

This was Pope Martin IV., whom Dante saw in Purgatory; he had his eels boiled in the wine called Vernaccia. He was, as the verse states, of Tours. One great charm of the Divina Commedia to me, is the amount of personal facts and histories which it contains.

"Ebbe la santa Chiesa in le sue braccia

Dal Torso fu, e purga per digiuno

L'anguille di Bolsena in la vernaccia."

PURG. Canto xxiv.

P. 167, for "occasion notes," read "occasional notes."