to have it taken down, and placed in a proper position on a re-edified tomb; but owing to the disturbed state of things in Greece, it could not be immediately done, before he was obliged to return to Europe-and we believe this venerable memorial of the first English representative of majesty in the East yet remains over the door of the Greek convent, where the Doctor first discovered it "And stops a hole to keep the wind away.” Vaccination was He had innoculated He effected, however, one interesting object in these islands. unknown there, and the small-pox made frightful ravages. the child of Lady Strangford, with matter sent, we believe, from the cow-pock institution in Dublin, and proposed to her ladyship to extend the protection it afforded to these islands. She was always ready to promote any benevolent object, so from her child he vaccinated every person who had not already had the small-pox, to the number of several hundreds, of all ages, from six months to sixty years old. On his return to the East, after an absence of some years, he made inquiries as to the efficacy of the vaccination, and learned that though smallpox had, in the meantime, broken out in an aggravated form, not one of his patients had died of it, though a few were attacked in a mild form. It is remarkable that the West was indebted to the wife of one of our ambassadors for the introduction of variolous infection from the East, while the East is thus, in a measure, indebted to the wife of another for the return of a greater benefit, in the practice of vaccine inoculation. After a residence of five years in Constantinople, he returned by land to England, across the Balkan; and our sketch represents him, in his travelling dress, seated on the summit ridge of this magnificent chain, with his Tartar Janissary Kutchûk Mustapha, in the back ground. In his account of his journey he made known two things little understood in this country-first, that the Jews of the East are of Spanish descent, speaking a Spanish tongue, and had been driven out of Spain by the Inquisition, to seek that asylum among the followers of Mahomet which the followers of Christ denied them; and, secondly, that there exists a populous and thriving colony of Protestants in the Carpathian mountains, whom the Inquisition had also persecuted out of Saxony, and driven to the confines of Europe, where they flourish exceedingly to this day. After his return to England, he went to St. Petersburgh, as Chaplain to the Russian embassy; and, as if he was fated to be always present at scenes of commotion, he arrived just before the explosion of the conspiracy to place Constantine on the throne. On this occasion he got entangled among the insurgents, and saw 1200 people, military and mob, killed around him by discharges of grape-shot. He escaped behind the projection of a pillar, while the artillery poured its fire down the avenue; and when he came from his hiding-place, he seemed the only man alive in a large street, in the midst of a populous city, exhibiting a dismal spectacle of human bodies, weltering in pools of blood on white snow. He published an account of this little-known transaction, by which it ap peared, from documents produced on subsequent investigations, that a tremendous revolution, ramifying through all Russia, was attempted, in which 2000 nobles and princes of the empire were, more or less, concerned. After his return from Russia, he attended the embassy, in 1828, sent to Rio de Janeiro, to effect a marriage between Dom Miguel and Dona Maria, daughter of Don Pedro. While in Brazil, he was presented to the Emperor Don Pedro, and had an opportunity of personally knowing that singular man, with whom he made the British public better acquainted than they had ever been before. He visited the interior of Brazil, and explored the mining districts 500 miles distant from the capital. He made himself particularly acquainted with the state of the Negroes; and when the North-Star frigate, in which he returned across the Atlantic, captured a slave-ship, containing 600 miserable objects, he went on board, and witnessed all the noisome horrors to which the victims of this hateful trade are exposed on the passage. He published such an account of his experience, that he was placed on the Committee of the Society for the Abolition of Slavery; so he has the consolation of reflecting that his exertions contributed their share to the final extirpation of this execrable traffic. When he arrived in England, it was again proposed to him to resume his chaplaincy at Constantinople; and he returned through France and Italy, with part of his family, to that capital in 1831. He was curious to see what changes the terrible revolution, a part of which he had witnessed, had wrought, and he was gratified. He found Greece liberated, and Turkey reformed. Before the end of this second visit, he witnessed another catastrophe-the tremendous conflagra. tion, in which the whole of Pera and a part of Constantinople was consumed. All the palaces of the Frank embassies, which had escaped in former conflagrations, were burnt down-among the rest, the British palace-blazing up, like shavings in a carpenter's yard, and leaving but ashes behind. For his private losses on this occasion, he never received any compensation, though others were not forgotten. After thus experiencing various climates and vicissitudes, in different quarters of the globe, he exchanged his chaplaincy for a benefice in England, from whence he was invited by the discerning Archbishop of Dublin to the vicarage of Kilbride, near the Vale of Ovoca. A short time since he brought into notice another antiquarian curiosity, which he had the good fortune to discover in the wild mountains of this parish-a curious stone coffin, containing an urn in an inverted position, covering two small bones of human fingers. He presented a model of the coffin, with the urn, to the Royal Irish Academy, with a notice of the district where it was found. This instance of "digital inhumation" is, we believe, the only one as yet discovered in Ireland. It is a subject of considerable interest to the antiquary, and we trust Dr. Walsh's discovery will lead to some curious result. He has since removed to the benefice of Finglas ; and so, after his numerous wanderings and perils, by land and water, is again located among his early friends-to renew the feelings of amity and good-will with which they parted. As we have had, and trust we shall soon again have, occasion to notice the works of the Rev. Doctor, whom we have thus introduced to our readers, we need not here criticize his labours. Suffice it to say, that he enjoyed advantages and opportunities, in the countries which he visited, such as do not often fall to the lot of travellers; and his eminent success, as a scientific and entertaining writer, if other evidence were wanted, would abundantly testify how profitably he has availed himself of them. The principal works which he has given to the world are" The History of Dublin," 2 vols. 4to; "Journey from Constantinople to Vienna," 1 vol. 8vo. Notices of Brazil," 2 vols. 8vo. ; "Residence at Constantinople," 2 vols. 8vo.; "An Essay on Ancient Christian Coins and Gems," 1 vol. 8vo. ; "Illustrated Views of the Turkish Empire," 2 vols. 4to. Some of the above have passed through so many as five editions; besides which, he has published some sermons, and various contributions to periodicals and literary journals-our own among the number. ; TRAVELS IN SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA. objects to which Mr. Malcom's attention was, of course, most solicitously directed, were necessarily far different from those which would occupy or interest the general traveller, and therefore, as may be expected, the prospects and progress of the various missionary stations which he visited in the regions of South Eastern Asia, occupy the prominent and principal places throughout the volumes. Still it must have been at once obvious to a thinking man, that the political and economical relations of these countries, their religion, manners, and civilization, could not fail to be, even to the missionary, of scarcely secondary moment, as exercising a vast and important influence on the success or failure of the great cause which he had taken in hand. That our author thought so, the manner in which he has executed his work fully assures us. It is in addition to containing a minute, and, we can well believe, faithful record of missionary labours, and recent and authentic intelligence of the prospects and progress of Christianity in that interesting part of the world-replete with the remarks of an acute and enlightened observer on the state of society, and manners, laws, history, commerce, and natural productions of the countries which he visited. The advantages, too, which his character and position afforded were not few; and, indeed, are admitted by himself with a readiness and candour that evince he has no desire to plead the want of them in extenuation for any deficiencies to be found in his book. As the authorized and accredited agent of an influential society, he possessed the confidence of those best able to inform him on all subjects relating as well to the peculiar object of his mission, as to topics of general interest-namely, the missionaries and civilians who had resided for long periods in the respective places, and who readily placed at his disposal the fruits of their own matured and extensive observations. Indeed, accurate information seems to have been an object of much greater solicitude with Mr. Malcom, than interesting adventure, or the pursuit of those striking incidents which so generally form the staple of modern tourists; and bearing in recollection the comparatively short period of time consumed in a very extended course of travel, the extreme accuracy and generally minute detail, form not the least merit of the work. To the attainment of this end, our author adopted means which, it would, indeed, be well if the mass of travellers, both for the sake of themselves and their readers, would avail themselves of as extensively, even though they should not possess the modesty and ingenuousness to avow it like our author. "Before leaving a place," he remarks, "I generally submitted my notes to several persons for a careful revision. If, therefore, I should be convicted of errors, they are such as the best informed persons on the spot have fallen into, and as my reader would have imbibed had he been in my place. Some errors may be charged to me, through mistake of the objector; for often when I read my notes in various places, gentlemen dissented from some statements with great confidence the correctness of which they admitted on further examination, which examination they would not have made had I not quoted some influential name as my informer." Mr. Malcom set out on his mission from Boston, in the latter end of the month of September, 1835. The incidents of his voyage, though sufficiently well placed in a private journal, were yet too common-place to have, in our opinion justified the occupying some thirty pages of a book to meet the Travels in South-Eastern Asia, embracing Hindustan, Malaya, Siam. and Chinn; with Notices of numerous Missionary Stations, and a full Account of the Burman Empire. By the Rev. Howard Malcom, of Boston, U.S. Two vols, post 8vo. London. 1839. public eye. Sickness, sentiment, and scenery-our readers will pardon the alliteration-with each of which all travellers and all travel-reading people are sufficiently intimate, being the amount of the chapter. In the end of February of the following year, he reached the Burman territories, landing at Amherst, and thence proceeded to Mulmain, where a mission was already established. It is not our purpose, in our review of these volumes, to dwell upon the portions of them which relate to the subject of the mission; at the same time we are disposed to admit that as they form, perhaps, the larger portion of the whole, so are they the most intrinsically valuable part of it. Before, however, we dismiss altogether this consideration of the subject, we must, in justice to the author remark, that he has collected with great industry and minuteness, a mass of information, the importance of which to the interests and success of eastern missions, can be readily conceived, and in the dissertations and tables, as well as the suggestions upon the mode of conducting missions, which form the fourth book of the work, he has exhibited good sense, learning, judgment, and practical experience, all animated and put in motion by most persevering and ardent, yet tempered Christian zeal, that do credit alike to his heart and his understanding. After a sojourn of some days at Mulmain, and informing himself fully of the matters relating to the mission, the author proceeded southward to the towns of Tavoy and Mergui, and thence returned to Mulmain again. The following description which he gives of his reception amongst the Karens, exhibits those people as exercising the virtues of hospitality to an extent rarely to be met with even in Christian countries. "Though we lodged each night in the boat, we spent our time and ate among the people. The glance thus gained at native character was very gratifying. We saw no house where poverty seemed to dwell (though we passed through four or five villages,) and no disorder in any place. Wherever we stopped to eat, we entered a house freely, and were immediately offered clean mats, and treated with the utmost hospitality. Able and willing to supply our wants, they sometimes expostulated with the servant, as he was cooking our meals, that he had brought VOL. XV. rice and fowls, instead of allowing them to furnish our table. This trait is prevalent among the Karens. Native assistants go from village to village among them, even where the gospel has never been heard, and take literally neither scrip nor purse.' They are bountifully supplied, even where their message meets only with opposition. Mr. Vinton, on one occasion, went several days' journey among Karen villages, without servant or food. Everywhere they killed for him their best fowls and spread before him rice, fruits, honey, and whatever they had, and gave him their best place to sleep." In Burmah, the new year commences with the new moon in April, and for several days the festivities which usher it in, keep the Burmese town in a state of excitement. Our author has given us an account of these merry makings. "Before every Burman house is erected a slight bamboo palisade, six or eight feet long, decorated very tastefully with young palm trees, and pots of water, filled with various beautiful blossoms. The moistened streets send up an enlivening freshness, which, with the odours of the flowers, makes the street like a charming avenue in a garden. The absurd yet amusing ceremony to which these are preparations seems peculiar to Burmans. It is a general war of water. Every one is at liberty to wet his neighbour, but the compliment is chiefly paid by women to men, and men to women; the children taking the principal share of the business into their hands. I have just been riding along the principal streets to witness the scene; but no one offered to compliment me, or other foreigners, with a bowl of water. They know that foreigners, whose raiment is not so easily changed, do not relish the sport; though sometimes, out of ill-timed complaisance, they submit to it. Almost universally the people take it pleasantly; but occasionally I saw little fellows chased and overthrown in the dirt, who played off on men. It certainly requires some command of temper, to show entire nonchalance when the children project a forcible stream from large bamboo syringes directly into the eyes and ears, creeping up slyly for the purpose, and running off with exultation. Not a native is to be seen with dry clothes; but holiday clothes' on this occasion are their poorest. No one can assign any origin or signification to this custom. It seems as if it must have originated in some notions of purification from the sins of the old, and entering cleansed upon the new year; but Boodhists have no idea of the remission of sins, in any way. Their only hope is to balance them with merit." In addition to this harmless and N sportive custom of the Burmese, Mr. Malcom had the opportunity of comparing with it the religious ceremonies of two classes of foreigners; and the three, perhaps, afford upon the whole tolerably fair specimens of the habits of the three nations of idolaters respectively engaged in them. Let those who sneer at the civilizing effects of Christianity say, if such specimens furnish any ground for the boast of the infidel, as to the purity and nobleness of human nature evinced by pagans, whose morals have not been contaminated, as they would call it, by Europeans. "Nothing can exceed the revolting exhibitions made by the Hindoo Mussulmans, who also are now holding their annual feast of Mohurrum. By nature almost black, they make themselves entirely so with paint; many of them adding blotches and hideous figures, not only on their faces, but on every part of their body, and of every coloured earth they can find. Some go further, and put on masks of infernal ugliness, with horns, snouts, and indescribable distortions. never beheld them but with fresh horror. Moving about the streets in companies, they writhe every muscle, some throwing their arms about as if ready to attack every one they meet, others slapping long, flat stids together; some beating on drums and pieces of brass, others filling the air with yells and clamour. Man could not more brutify himself, even in the madness of intoxication." I Maulmain, now the metropolis of British Burmah, would seem to be a city of very recent growth, having been not many years ago, a wild jungle, though, indeed, amongst the natives it is asserted that it was formerly the chief town of an independent Shyan kingdom. Be this as it may, it is now a considerable town containing about 18,000 souls, beautifully situated, commanding fine views, extremely salubrious and a favourite place of resort for the gentlemen of the company's service, who come to recruit their health from the opposite shore of the bay of Bengal. There is a very considerable circle of British society, well supplied shops, abundant and reasonable markets, mechanics, and tradesmen of all sorts. On commerce and trade no restrictions whatever exist, nor is there any duty either on vessels or merchandise, in consequence of which the trade is brisk, and imports are very considerable. We are informed by Mr. Malcom of what we believe to be the fact, that English influence has done much in a variety of ways to improve the condition both of the city and the provinces, more especially in abolishing the fierce border wars, which were attended with miseries that can scarcely be conceived, and have kept the Burmese and their neighbours in a state of continual wretchedness. From Maulmain our author proceeded to Rangoon, which, though generally conspicuous in the journals of all travellers who have visited these regions, is, as he informs us, the most wretched looking town of its size he had ever seen. "The entire population is estimated at 50,000, but that is probably too much. There is no other seaport in the empire, but Bassein, which has little trade, and the city stands next in importance to Ava; yet there is literally nothing in it that can interest a traveller. A dozen foreigners, chiefly Monguls, have brick tenements, very shabby. There are also four or five small brick places of worship, for foreigners, and a miserable custom-house. Besides these it is a city of bamboo huts, comfortable for this people, considering their habits and climate; but in appearance as paltry as possible. Maulmain has already many better buildings. The eaves of the houses generally descend to within six or eight feet of the ground; very few being of more than one story, or having any other covering than thatch. Cellars are unknown, and all the houses are raised two or three feet above the ground for coolness and ventilation, As the floors are of split bamboo, all dirt falls through, and what is not picked up by crows, dogs, fowls, &c. is occasionally swept out, and burned. For nearly half the year, the city presents a most singular appearance, half sad, ha'f silly. By a standing law, on the setting in of the dry season, all the thatch must be removed, |